%% Copernicus Publications Manuscript Preparation Template for LaTeX Submissions
%% ---------------------------------
%% This template should be used for copernicus.cls
%% The class file and some style files are bundled in the Copernicus Latex Package, which can be downloaded from the different journal webpages.
%% For further assistance please contact Copernicus Publications at: production@copernicus.org
%% http://publications.copernicus.org/for_authors/manuscript_preparation.html


%% Please use the following documentclass and journal abbreviations for discussion papers and final revised papers.


%% 2-column papers and discussion papers
\documentclass[acp, manuscript]{copernicus}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{todonotes} % use \todo{text}.
\newcommand\TODO[1]{\textcolor{red}{#1}\todo{#1}}

\begin{document}
\title{Auxillary Material for: The Fossil Fuel Emission Source of Tokyo estimated directly from measurements of the TCCON site Tsukuba}
\runningtitle{Auxilliary for Tokyo Emissions}

\Author[1,*]{Arne}{Babenhauserheide}
\Author[1]{Frank}{Hase}
\Author[2]{Isamu}{Morino}
\affil[1]{IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany}
\affil[2]{National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan}
\affil[*]{now at Disy Informationssysteme GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany}

%% The [] brackets identify the author with the corresponding affiliation. 1, 2, 3, etc. should be inserted.

\runningauthor{A.~Babenhauserheide}

\correspondence{Arne Babenhauserheide (arne.babenhauserheide@kit.edu)}


\received{}
\pubdiscuss{} %% only important for two-stage journals
\revised{}
\accepted{}
\published{}

%% These dates will be inserted by Copernicus Publications during the typesetting process.


\firstpage{1}
\maketitle


\section{Wind direction vs. time of day}

\begin{figure}[tbh]
\includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{tsukuba-wind-direction-vs-time-of-day.pdf}
\caption{Histogram of Wind directions vs. time of day. This graph shows that between 11:00 and 16:00 there is only weak correlation between time of day and wind direction. The horizontal lines mark the lower and upper limit of the densely measured time of day. The measurements between 170 and 240 degree wind direction correspond to wind from Tokyo area. This graph is generated from the Data of the TCCON station in Tsukuba using the script \texttt{plot\_daytime\_vs\_direction.py}.\label{fig:tsukuba-wind-direction-vs-time-of-day}}
\end{figure}

\section{Using harmonics to fit trend, daily cycle, and yearly cycle}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{hexbin-wind-speed--ccgfilt-xco2.pdf}
\caption{Reproduction of the hexbin visualization of residuals multiplied by wind speed as in Figure 3 of the paper, but when using harmonics (sines and cosines) instead of polynomials as fitting procedure for trend, yearly cycle, and daily cycle.\label{fig:residuals-times-windspeed-ccgfilt-hexbin}}
\end{figure*}



\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{tk20110804-20160330-public-tsukuba-residuals--ccgfilt-xco2.pdf}
\caption{Reproduction of the residuals multiplied by wind speed as in Figure 5 of the paper, but when using harmonics (sines and cosines) instead of polynomials as fitting procedure for trend, yearly cycle, and daily cycle.\label{fig:residuals-times-windspeed-ccgfilt}}
\end{figure*}

Figure \ref{fig:residuals-times-windspeed-ccgfilt-hexbin} and \ref{fig:residuals-times-windspeed-ccgfilt} shows the result of repeating the calculations from the paper using fitting procedure based on sines and cosines \citep[i.e.][]{Thoning1989}, implemented using the ccgfilt library (available from NOAA via \href{ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/user/thoning/ccgcrv/}{ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/user/thoning/ccgcrv/}) gives an idea of the impact of the fitting on the results.

Figure \ref{fig:residuals-ccgfilt-daily-cycle-uncorrected} shows the daily cycle when using harmonics before correcting it. Figure \ref{fig:residuals-ccgfilt-daily-cycle-corrected} shows the daily cycle after correction to remove the daily cycle in the background. The daily from Tokyo area after correction shows a pattern similar to the pattern reported by \citet{Nassar2013}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{ccgfilt-daily-cycle-uncorrected-residuals-daily-start-170-stop-240-xco2.pdf}
\caption{Daily cycle calculation before correction when using harmonics instead of polynomials.\label{fig:residuals-ccgfilt-daily-cycle-uncorrected}}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{ccgfilt-daily-cycle-corrected-residuals-daily-start-170-stop-240-xco2.pdf}
\caption{Daily cycle calculation after correction when using harmonics instead of polynomials.\label{fig:residuals-ccgfilt-daily-cycle-corrected}}
\end{figure*}


\clearpage



\section{Residuals for methane}

The method from the publication accompanied by this supplement can also be used for other gas species. Figure \ref{fig:residuals-methane} shows the residuals for methane.

\begin{figure*}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{tk20110804-20160330-public-hexbin-wind-speed-xch4.pdf}
\caption{Reproduction of the residuals multiplied by wind speed as in Figure 3 of the paper, for methane instead of carbon dioxide.\label{fig:residuals-methane}}
\end{figure*}


\section{Radiosonde data from Pangea}

The four years of radiosonde data from Tateno is also available in monthly format from the PANGEA data archive \citep{ohkawara2011rmfs2010-10--756004,ohkawara2011rmfs2010-11--756007,ohkawara2011rmfs2010-12--757384,ohkawara2011rmfs2011-01--758371,ohkawara2011rmfs2011-02--759843,ohkawara2011rmfs2011-03--760735,ohkawara2011rmfs2011-04--761890,ijima2011rmfs2011-05--763185,ijima2011rmfs2011-06--763986,ijima2011rmfs2011-07--771235,ijima2011rmfs2011-08--771239,ijima2011rmfs2011-09--772273,ijima2012rmfs2011-05--785526,ijima2012rmfs2011-06--785529,ijima2012rmfs2011-07--785532,ijima2012rmfs2011-10--774618,ijima2012rmfs2011-11--774621,ijima2012rmfs2011-12--776358,ijima2012rmfs2012-01--778115,ijima2012rmfs2012-02--779922,ijima2012rmfs2012-03--782752,ijima2012rmfs2012-04--785328,ijima2012rmfs2012-05--786485,ijima2012rmfs2012-06--787818,ijima2012rmfs2012-07--789196,ijima2012rmfs2012-08--792720,ijima2012rmfs2012-09--802530,ijima2012rmfs2012-10--804565,ijima2013rmfs2012-11--807278,ijima2013rmfs2012-12--808173,ijima2013rmfs2013-01--809575,ijima2013rmfs2013-02--810635,ijima2013rmfs2013-03--814021,ijima2013rmfs2013-04--816086,ijima2013rmfs2013-05--817263,ijima2013rmfs2013-06--818904,ijima2014rmfs2013-07--825266,ijima2014rmfs2013-08--825269,ijima2014rmfs2013-09--825445,ijima2014rmfs2013-10--825448,ijima2014rmfs2013-11--830195,ijima2014rmfs2013-12--830198,ijima2014rmfs2014-01--830879,ijima2014rmfs2014-02--832439,ijima2014rmfs2014-03--833333,ijima2014rmfs2014-04--833995,ijima2014rmfs2014-05--836110,ijima2014rmfs2014-06--835976,ijima2014rmfs2014-07--836210,ijima2014rmfs2014-08--840480,ijima2014rmfs2014-09--840366,ijima2014rmfs2014-10--840974,ijima2015rmfs2014-11--841826,ijima2015rmfs2014-12--844179,ijima2015rmfs2015-01--844490,ijima2015rmfs2015-02--845887,ijima2015rmfs2015-03--846450,ijima2015rmfs2015-04--848227,ijima2015rmfs2015-05--848633,ijima2015rmfs2015-06--849122,ijima2015rmfs2015-07--854635,ijima2015rmfs2015-08--854638,ijima2015rmfs2015-09--856039,ijima2016rmfs2015-10--856619,ijima2016rmfs2015-11--858026,ijima2016rmfs2015-12--858510,ijima2016rmfs2016-01--859349,ijima2016rmfs2016-02--859940,ijima2016rmfs2016-03--860804,ijima2016rmfs2016-04--861986,ijima2016rmfs2016-05--864214,ijima2016rmfs2016-06--864225,ijima2016rmfs2016-07--865130,ijima2016rmfs2016-08--867412,ijima2016rmfs2016-09--868997}.


% (* 78e3 0.04 60 60 24 365.25 1e-9)

\clearpage

\section{Trajectory calculations for Tokyo}

The HYSPLIT model \citep{Stein2015} allows calculating high resolution trajectories. This was used to verify the assumptions of vertical transport in this publication. Most of the trajectories calculated for this publication only extend up to 1000m even though they extend much further in horizontal direction than the 65 km from Tokyo to Tsukuba. This shows that it is viable to use the wind speed in the lower 1000m as base for a mean wind speed profile. The trajectory graphs show sample results.

These were run from \href{http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php}{http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT.php}.

\begin{figure}[tbh]
\includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{tokyo-5-hours-trajplot_14938.pdf}
\caption{5 hours trajectory plot starting at Tokyo. Required information to reproduce the graph is contained in the figure. Published with permission from NOAA ARL, under the condition that it is made it clear that they are not producing these images for us. Which we hereby do: To produce these images we used the great HYSPLIT from NOAA ARL, but the images were not created by someone for us.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbh]
  
   \includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{trajplot_198071.pdf}
%  \includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{2017-06-30-fhtagn-steno-tokyo-rlyeh-cthulhu-fhtagn-trajectories-from-tokyo.jpg}
\caption{Required information to reproduce the graph is contained in the figure. Published with permission from NOAA ARL, under the condition that it is made it clear that they are not producing these images for us. Which we hereby do: To produce these images we used the great HYSPLIT from NOAA ARL, but the images were not created by someone for us.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[tbh]
\includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{trajplot_197390.pdf}
\caption{10 hours trajectory plot starting at Tokyo. Required information to reproduce the graph is contained in the figure. Published with permission from NOAA ARL, under the condition that it is made it clear that they are not producing these images for us. Which we hereby do: To produce these images we used the great HYSPLIT from NOAA ARL, but the images were not created by someone for us.}
\end{figure}


\clearpage

%% Since the Copernicus LaTeX package includes the BibTeX style file copernicus.bst,
%% authors experienced with BibTeX only have to include the following two lines:
%%
\bibliographystyle{copernicus}
\renewcommand{\bibfont}{\normalfont\scriptsize}
\bibliography{ref}
%%
%% URLs and DOIs can be entered in your BibTeX file as:
%%
%% URL = {http://www.xyz.org/~jones/idx_g.htm}
%% DOI = {10.5194/xyz}


%% LITERATURE CITATIONS
%%
%% command                        & example result
%% \citet{jones90}|               & Jones et al. (1990)
%% \citep{jones90}|               & (Jones et al., 1990)
%% \citep{jones90,jones93}|       & (Jones et al., 1990, 1993)
%% \citep[p.~32]{jones90}|        & (Jones et al., 1990, p.~32)
%% \citep[e.g.,][]{jones90}|      & (e.g., Jones et al., 1990)
%% \citep[e.g.,][p.~32]{jones90}| & (e.g., Jones et al., 1990, p.~32)
%% \citeauthor{jones90}|          & Jones et al.
%% \citeyear{jones90}|            & 1990



%% FIGURES

%% When figures and tables are placed at the end of the MS (article in one-column style), please add \clearpage
%% between bibliography and first table and/or figure as well as between each table and/or figure.


%% ONE-COLUMN FIGURES

%%f
%\begin{figure}[t]
%\includegraphics[width=8.3cm]{FILE NAME}
%\caption{TEXT}
%\end{figure}
%
%%% TWO-COLUMN FIGURES
%
%%f
%\begin{figure*}[t]
%\includegraphics[width=12cm]{FILE NAME}
%\caption{TEXT}
%\end{figure*}
%
%
%%% TABLES
%%%
%%% The different columns must be seperated with a & command and should
%%% end with \\ to identify the column brake.
%
%%% ONE-COLUMN TABLE
%
%%t
%\begin{table}[t]
%\caption{TEXT}
%\begin{tabular}{column = lcr}
%\tophline
%
%\middlehline
%
%\bottomhline
%\end{tabular}
%\belowtable{} % Table Footnotes
%\end{table}
%
%%% TWO-COLUMN TABLE
%
%%t
%\begin{table*}[t]
%\caption{TEXT}
%\begin{tabular}{column = lcr}
%\tophline
%
%\middlehline
%
%\bottomhline
%\end{tabular}
%\belowtable{} % Table Footnotes
%\end{table*}
%
%
%%% MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS
%
%%% All papers typeset by Copernicus Publications follow the math typesetting regulations
%%% given by the IUPAC Green Book (IUPAC: Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry,
%%% 2nd Edn., Blackwell Science, available at: http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/gbook/green_book_2ed.pdf, 1993).
%%%
%%% Physical quantities/variables are typeset in italic font (t for time, T for Temperature)
%%% Indices which are not defined are typeset in italic font (x, y, z, a, b, c)
%%% Items/objects which are defined are typeset in roman font (Car A, Car B)
%%% Descriptions/specifications which are defined by itself are typeset in roman font (abs, rel, ref, tot, net, ice)
%%% Abbreviations from 2 letters are typeset in roman font (RH, LAI)
%%% Vectors are identified in bold italic font using \vec{x}
%%% Matrices are identified in bold roman font
%%% Multiplication signs are typeset using the LaTeX commands \times (for vector products, grids, and exponential notations) or \cdot
%%% The character * should not be applied as mutliplication sign
%
%
%%% EQUATIONS
%
%%% Single-row equation
%
%\begin{equation}
%
%\end{equation}
%
%%% Multiline equation
%
%\begin{align}
%& 3 + 5 = 8\\
%& 3 + 5 = 8\\
%& 3 + 5 = 8
%\end{align}
%
%
%%% MATRICES
%
%\begin{matrix}
%x & y & z\\
%x & y & z\\
%x & y & z\\
%\end{matrix}
%
%
%%% ALGORITHM
%
%\begin{algorithm}
%\caption{}
%\label{a1}
%\begin{algorithmic}
%
%\end{algorithmic}
%\end{algorithm}
%
%
%%% CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND REACTIONS
%
%%% For formulas embedded in the text, please use \chem{}
%
%%% The reaction environment creates labels including the letter R, i.e. (R1), (R2), etc.
%
%\begin{reaction}
%%% \rightarrow should be used for normal (one-way) chemical reactions
%%% \rightleftharpoons should be used for equilibria
%%% \leftrightarrow should be used for resonance structures
%\end{reaction}
%
%
%%% PHYSICAL UNITS
%%%
%%% Please use \unit{} and apply the exponential notation


\end{document}
