This study provides two methods for the quantification of molecular markers to improve the description of secondary organic aerosols using chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry. Compounds from various chemical functionalities (alcohols, acids, aldehydes), from biogenic and anthropogenic origin, were identified. Improved method performance was observed for nitro compounds, which have been associated with anthropogenic activities.

Mineral dust particles emitted from dry soils are of various sizes, yet the abundance of very large particles is not well understood. Here we measured the dust size distribution from fine to giant particles at an emission source during a field campaign in Jordan (J-WADI) using multiple instruments. Our findings show that large particles make up a significant part of the total dust mass. This knowledge is essential to improve climate models and to predict dust impacts on climate and environment.

We evaluate the ability of the Vaisala AQT530 (Air Quality Transmitter) monitors, comprising of low-cost sensors, to detect spatial and temporal differences. Collocated with reference instruments over 19 months in Nicosia, results showed that CO and PM (particulate matter) sensors captured daily, hourly, and monthly spatial trends. NO₂, NO, and O₃ sensors were less reliable due to environmental effects. Still, all sensors tracked monthly temporal variations at the same location, with PM_2.5 showing the strongest agreement with reference data.

Using coincident observations from the EarthCARE Cloud Profiling Radar with Doppler velocity measurement capability and the Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar on the Global Precipitation Measurement, vertical motions in stratiform and convective precipitation systems are examined, providing insights into the dynamical and microphysical processes inside deep clouds. This enables a more comprehensive understanding of hydrometeor fall speeds and vertical air motions in precipitation systems.

Highly resolved vertical profiles are crucial for understanding ecosystem–atmosphere interactions. We developed the robotic lift (RoLi) as a platform for vertical profile measurements at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory in the central Amazon basin. First results reveal spatiotemporal patterns in temperature, humidity, fog, and aerosol profiles, proving RoLi's technical capability to resolve the diel interplay of convectively mixed daytime and stable stratified nighttime conditions.

This study presents the first complete description of the operational version 3 ozone profile retrieval algorithm for the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) and its performance characteristics. Improvements in radiometric and wavelength calibration reduce spectral fitting uncertainties and enhance agreement with ozonesonde profiles and Pandora total ozone measurements.

Water vapour (WV) is a key ingredient in virtually all meteorological processes. We present an algorithm which uses observations of the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) to estimate the total column of WV (TCWV) over sun-lit, clear-sky pixels. FCI is a satellite instrument, and every 10 min it takes an image which covers Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic with a resolution of 1 km. Such high-resolution WV fields will provide valuable information for weather forecasters and researchers.