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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">AMT</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Measurement Techniques</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">AMT</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Atmos. Meas. Tech.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1867-8548</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/amt-6-1869-2013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The effect of using limited scene-dependent averaging kernels approximations for the implementation of fast observing system simulation experiments targeted on lower tropospheric ozone</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sellitto</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dufour</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8847-2165</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eremenko</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cuesta</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9330-6401</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Peuch</surname>
<given-names>V.-H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eldering</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-9922</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>D. P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Flaud</surname>
<given-names>J.-M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire Inter-universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, CNRS &amp;ndash; UMR7583, Universités Paris-Est et Paris Diderot, CNRS, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Research Department, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire, RG2 9AX, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>05</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1869</fpage>
<lpage>1881</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2013 P. Sellitto et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/1869/2013/amt-6-1869-2013.html">This article is available from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/1869/2013/amt-6-1869-2013.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/1869/2013/amt-6-1869-2013.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/1869/2013/amt-6-1869-2013.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Practical implementations of chemical OSSEs (Observing System
      Simulation Experiments) usually rely on approximations of the
      pseudo-observations by means of a predefined parametrization of the
      averaging kernels, which describe the sensitivity of the observing
      system to the target atmospheric species. This is intended to avoid
      the use of a computationally expensive pseudo-observations
      simulator, that relies on full radiative transfer calculations. Here we
      present an investigation on how no, or limited, scene dependent
      averaging kernels parametrizations may misrepresent the sensitivity of
      an observing system. We carried out the full radiative transfer calculation for
      a three-days period over Europe, to produce reference
      pseudo-observations of lower tropospheric ozone, as they would be
      observed by a concept geostationary observing system called MAGEAQ
      (Monitoring the Atmosphere from Geostationary orbit for European Air
      Quality). The selected spatio-temporal interval is characterised by
      an ozone pollution event. We then compared our reference with
      approximated pseudo-observations, following existing simulation
      exercises made for both the MAGEAQ and GEOstationary Coastal and Air
      Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) missions. We found that approximated
      averaging kernels may fail to replicate the variability of the full
      radiative transfer calculations. In addition, we found that the approximations substantially overestimate the
      capability of MAGEAQ to follow the spatio-temporal variations of
      the lower tropospheric ozone in selected areas, during the mentioned pollution event. We conclude that such
      approximations may lead to false conclusions if used in an OSSE. Thus,
      we recommend to use comprehensive scene-dependent approximations of
      the averaging kernels, in cases where the full radiative transfer is
      computationally too costly for the OSSE being investigated.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="13"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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