References

AMT

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques

AMT

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

1867-8548

Copernicus Publications

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/amt-6-2239-2013

Improvement of OMI ozone profile retrievals in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by the use of a tropopause-based ozone profile climatology

Bak

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-671X

¹ Liu

² Wei

J. C.

³ ⁴ Pan

L. L.

⁵ Chance

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-7577

² Kim

J. H.

Pusan National University, Busan, Korea

Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA

Adnet Systems, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA

03 09 2013

6 9 2239 2254

2013

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

This article is available from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/2239/2013/amt-6-2239-2013.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/6/2239/2013/amt-6-2239-2013.pdf

Motivated by the need of obtaining a more accurate global ozone distribution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), we have investigated the use of a tropopause-based (TB) ozone climatology in ozone profile retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Due to the limited vertical ozone information in the UTLS region from OMI backscattered ultraviolet radiances, better climatological a priori information is important for improving ozone profile retrievals. We present the new TB climatology and evaluate the result of retrievals against previous work. The TB climatology is created using ozonesonde profiles from 1983 through 2008 extended with climatological ozone data above sonde burst altitude (~35 km) with the corresponding temperature profiles used to identify the thermal tropopause. The TB climatology consists of the mean states and 1σ standard deviations for every month for each 10° latitude band. Compared to the previous TB climatology by Wei et al. (2010), three additional processes are applied in deriving our climatology: (1) using a variable shifting offset to define the TB coordinate, (2) separating ozonesonde profiles into tropical and extratropical regimes based on a threshold of 14 km in the thermal tropopause height, and (3) merging with an existing climatology from 5–10 km above the tropopause. The first process changes the reference of profiles to a variable position between local and mean tropopause heights within ±5 km of the tropopause and to the mean tropopause elsewhere. The second helps to preserve characteristics of either tropical or extratropical ozone structures depending on tropopause height, especially in the subtropical region. The third improves the climatology above ozonesonde burst altitudes and in the stratosphere by using climatology derived from many more satellite observations of ozone profiles. With aid from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) tropopause height, the new climatology and retrieval can better represent the dynamical variability of ozone in the tropopause region. The new retrieval result demonstrates significant improvement of UTLS ozone, especially in the extratropical UTLS, when evaluated using ozonesonde measurements and the meteorological data. The use of TB climatology significantly enhances the spatial consistency and the statistical relationship between ozone and potential vorticity/tropopause height in the extratropical UTLS region. Comparisons with ozonesonde measurements show substantial improvements in both mean biases and their standard deviations over the extratropical lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere. Overall, OMI retrievals with the TB climatology show improved ability in capturing ozone gradients across the tropopause found in tropical/extratropical ozonesonde measurements.

References 1

Beekmann, M., Ancellet, G., and M$\dote$gie, G.: Climatology of tropospheric ozone in southern Europe and its relation to potential vorticity, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12841–12853, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94JD00228">https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00228</a>, 1994.

Bhartia, P. K., McPeters, R. D., Mateer, C. L., Flynn, L. E., and Wellemeyer, C.: Algorithm for the estimation of vertical ozone profiles from the backscattered ultraviolet technique, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18793–18806, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JD01165">https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD01165</a>, 1996.

Birner, T.: Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D04104, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006301">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006301</a>, 2006.

Birner, T.: Recent widening of the tropical belt from global tropopause statistics: Sensitivities, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23109, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014664">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014664</a>, 2010.

Chance, K. V., Burrows, J. P., Perner, D., and Schneider, W.: Satellite measurements of atmospheric ozone profiles, including tropospheric ozone, from ultraviolet/visible measurements in the nadir geometry: a potential method to retrieve tropospheric ozone, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 57, 467–476, 1997.

Considine, D. B., Logan, J. A., and Olsen, M. A.: Evaluation of near-tropopause ozone distributions in the Global Modeling Initiative combined stratosphere/troposphere model with ozonesonde data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2365–2385, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2365-2008">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2365-2008</a>, 2008.

de Forster, P. M. F. and Shine, K. P.: Radiative forcing and temperature trends from stratospheric ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10841–10855, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JD03510">https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD03510</a>, 1997.

de Forster, P. M. F. and Tourpali, K.: Effect of tropopause height changes on the calculation of ozone trends and their radiative forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12241–12252, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900813">https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900813</a>, 2001.

ESA – European Space Agency: The GOME Users Manual, edited by: Bednarz, F., ESA Publication SP-1182, ESA Publications Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk, the Netherlands, 1995.

Hegglin, M. I., Boone, C. D., Manney, G. L., Shepherd, T. G., Walker, K. A., Bernath, P. F., Daffer, W. H., Hoor, P., and Schiller, C.: Validation of ACE-FTS satellite data in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) using non-coincident measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1483–1499, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1483-2008">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-1483-2008</a>, 2008.

Hegglin, M. I., Boone, C. D., Manney, G. L., and Walker, K. A.: A global view of the extratropical tropopause transition layer from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer O3, H2O, and CO, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00B11, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009984">https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009984</a>, 2009.

Hoinka, K. P.: The tropopause: discovery, definition and demarcation, Meteorol. Z., 6, 281–303, 1997.

Holton, J. R., Haynes, P. H., McIntyre, M. E., Douglass, A. R., Rood, R. B., and Pfister, L.: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403–439, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95RG02097">https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG02097</a>, 1995.

Homeyer, C. R., Bowman, K. P., and Pan, L. L.: Extratropical tropopause transition layer characteristics from high-resolution sounding data, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D13108, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013664">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD013664</a>, 2010.

Kuang, S., Newchurch, M. J., Burris, J., Wang, L., Knupp, K., and Huang, G.: Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport revealed by ground-based lidar and ozonesonde at a midlatitude site, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18305, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017695">https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017695</a>, 2012.

Kunz, A., Pan, L. L., Konopka, P., Kinnison, D. E., and Tilmes, S.: Chemical and dynamical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause based on START08 and WACCM analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24302, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016686">https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016686</a>, 2011.

Langford, A. O.: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange at the subtropical jet: Contribution to the tropospheric ozone budget at midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2449–2452, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900556">https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900556</a>, 1999.

Levelt, P. F., van den Oord, G. H. J., Dobber, M. R., Malkki, A., Visser, H., de Vries, J., Stammes, P., Lundell, J. O. V., and Saari, H.: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 44, 1093–1101, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333">https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333</a>, 2006.

Liu, X., Chance, K., Sioris, C. E., Spurr, R. J. D., Kurosu, T. P., Martin, R. V., and Newchurch, M. J.: Ozone profile and tropospheric ozone retrievals from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment: algorithm description and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20307, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006240">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006240</a>, 2005.

Liu, X., Chance, K., Sioris, C. E., Kurosu, T. P., and Newchurch, M. J.: Intercomparison of GOME, ozonesonde, and SAGE-II measurements of ozone: Demonstration of the need to homogenize available ozonesonde datasets, J. Geophys. Res., 101, D114305, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006718">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006718</a>, 2006.

Liu, X., Bhartia, P. K., Chance, K., Spurr, R. J. D., and Kurosu, T. P.: Ozone profile retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2521–2537, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2521-2010">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2521-2010</a>, 2010a.

Liu, X., Bhartia, P. K., Chance, K., Froidevaux, L., Spurr, R. J. D., and Kurosu, T. P.: Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) ozone profiles and stratospheric ozone columns with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2539–2549, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2539-2010">https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2539-2010</a>, 2010b.

Logan, J. A.: An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3-D models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16115–16149, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100096">https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JD100096</a>, 1999.

McPeters, R. D., Heath, D. F., and Bhartia, P. K.: Average Ozone Profiles for 1979 From the NIMBUS 7 SBUV instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5199–5214, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD04p05199">https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD04p05199</a>, 1984.

McPeters, R. D., Labow, G. J., and Logan, J. A.: Ozone climatological profiles for satellite retrieval algorithms, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D05308, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006823">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006823</a>, 2007.

Meijer, Y. J., Swart, D. P. J., Baier, F., Bhartia, P. K., Bodeker, G. E., Casadio, S., Chance, K., Del Frate, F., Erbertseder, T., Felder, M. D., Flynn, L. E., Godin-Beekmann, S., Hansen, G., Hasekamp, O. P., Kaifel, A., Kelder, H. M., Kerridge, B. J., Lambert, J. C., Landgraf, J., Latter, B., Liu, X., McDermid, I. S., Pachepsky, Y., Rozanov, V., Siddans, R., Tellmann, S., van der A, R. J., van Oss, R. F., Weber, M., and Zehner, C.: Evaluation of Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) ozone profiles from nine different algorithms, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21306, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006778">https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006778</a>, 2006.

Pan, L. L. and Munchak, L. A.: Relationship of cloud top to the tropopause and jet structure from CALIPSO data, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12201, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015462">https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015462</a>, 2011.

Pan, L. L., Randel, W. J., Gary, B. L., Mahoney, M. J., and Hintsa, E. J.: Definitions and sharpness of the extratropical tropopause: A trace gas perspective, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D23103, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004982">https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004982</a>, 2004.

Pan, L. L., Wei, J. C., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R. R., Wuebbles, D. J., and Brasseur, G. P.: A set of diagnostics for evaluating chemistry-climate models in the extratropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09316, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007792">https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007792</a>, 2007.

Pittman, J. V., Pan, L. L., Wei, J. C., Irion, F. W., Liu, X., Maddy, E. S., Barnet, C. D., Chance, K., and Gao, R.-S.: Evaluation of AIRS, IASI, and OMI ozone profile retrievals in the extratropical tropopause region using in situ aircraft measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D24109, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012493">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012493</a>, 2009.

Randel, W. J., Seidel, D. J., and Pan, L. L.: Observational characteristics of double tropopauses, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07309, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007904">https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007904</a>, 2007.

Rodgers, C. D.: Inverse methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 2000.

Santer, B. D., Wigley, T. M. L., Simmons, A. J., K$\dota$llberg, P. W., Kelly, G. A., Uppala, S. M., Ammann, C., Boyle, J. S., Brüggemann, W., Doutriaux, C., Fiorino, M., Mears, C., Meehl, G. A., Sausen, R., Taylor, K. E., Washington, W. M., Wehner, M. F., and Wentz, F. J.: Identification of anthropogenic climate change using a second-generation reanalysis, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21104, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005075">https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005075</a>, 2004.

Steinbrecht, W., Claude, H., Köhler, U., and Hoinka, K. P.: Correlations between tropopause height and total ozone: Implications for long-term changes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19183–19192, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JD01929">https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD01929</a>, 1998.

Tilmes, S., Pan, L. L., Hoor, P., Atlas, E., Avery, M. A., Campos, T., Christensen, L. E., Diskin, G. S., Gao, R.-S., Herman, R. L., Hintsa, E. J., Loewenstein, M., Lopez, J., Paige, M. E., Pittman, J. V., Podolske, J. R., Proffitt, M. R., Sachse, G. W., Schiller, C., Schlager, H., Smith, J., Spelten, N., Webster, C., Weinheimer, A., and Zondlo, M. A.,: An aircraft-based upper troposphere lower stratosphere O3, CO, and H2O climatology for the Northern Hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D14303, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012731">https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012731</a>, 2010.

Varotsos, C., Cartalis, C., Vlamakis, A., Tzanis, C., and Keramitsoglou, I.: The Long-Term Coupling between Column Ozone and Tropopause Properties, J. Climate, 17, 3843–3854, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3843:TLCBCO>2.0.CO;2">https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3843:TLCBCO>2.0.CO;2</a>, 2004.

Wei, J. C., Pan, L. L., Maddy, E., Pittman, J. V., Divarkarla, M., Xiong, X., and Barnet, C.: Ozone profile retrieval from an advanced infrared sounder: Experiments with tropopause-based climatology and optimal estimation approach, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 27, 1123–1139, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1384.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JTECHA1384.1</a>, 2010.

WMO – World Meteorological Organization: Meteorology – A three-dimensional science: Second session of the commission for aerology, World Meteorol. Organ. Bull., 4, 134–138, 1957.