AMT Atmospheric Measurement Techniques AMT Atmos. Meas. Tech. 1867-8548 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/amt-7-4539-2014 HAMP – the microwave package on the High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft (HALO) Mech M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-9616 1 Orlandi E. 1 Crewell S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-5805 1 Ament F. 2 3 Hirsch L. 3 Hagen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4714-0775 4 Peters G. 5 Stevens B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-0475 3 Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany DLR Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany Metek GmbH, Elmshorn, Germany 20 12 2014 7 12 4539 4553 Copyright: © 2014 M. Mech et al. 2014 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/7/4539/2014/amt-7-4539-2014.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/7/4539/2014/amt-7-4539-2014.pdf

An advanced package of microwave remote sensing instrumentation has been developed for the operation on the new German High Altitude LOng range research aircraft (HALO). The HALO Microwave Package, HAMP, consists of two nadir-looking instruments: a cloud radar at 36 GHz and a suite of passive microwave radiometers with 26 frequencies in different bands between 22.24 and 183.31 ± 12.5 GHz. We present a description of HAMP's instrumentation together with an illustration of its potential. To demonstrate this potential, synthetic measurements for the implemented passive microwave frequencies and the cloud radar based on cloud-resolving and radiative transfer model calculations were performed. These illustrate the advantage of HAMP's chosen frequency coverage, which allows for improved detection of hydrometeors both via the emission and scattering of radiation. Regression algorithms compare HAMP retrieval with standard satellite instruments from polar orbiters and show its advantages particularly for the lower atmosphere with a root-mean-square error reduced by 5 and 15% for temperature and humidity, respectively. HAMP's main advantage is the high spatial resolution of about 1 km, which is illustrated by first measurements from test flights. Together these qualities make it an exciting tool for gaining a better understanding of cloud processes, testing retrieval algorithms, defining future satellite instrument specifications, and validating platforms after they have been placed in orbit.

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