Ground-level ozone (O₃), heat, and water stress (WS) reduce wheat yields, threatening food security in India. O₃, heat, and WS interact as stressed plants close stomata, limiting O₃ entry and damage. This study models O₃ uptake under rainfed (WS) and irrigated conditions for current and future climates. Results show little O₃-related yield loss under wWS but higher losses with irrigation. Both climate scenarios increase O₃-related losses, highlighting risks to India’s wheat productivity.

Satellites and model simulations show enhancement in tropospheric ozone, which is highly impacted by human-produced Nitrous oxides compared to volatile organic compounds. The increased amount of ozone enhances ozone radiative forcing. The ozone enhancement and associated radiative forcing are highest over South and East Asia. The emissions of Nitrous oxides show a higher influence in shifting ozone photochemical regimes than volatile organic compounds.

We assess the drivers behind changes in peak season surface zone concentrations and risk to human health between 1850 and 2014. Substantial increases in surface ozone have occurred over this period resulting in a significant increase in the risk to human health, mainly driven by increases in anthropogenic NO_x emissions and global CH₄ concentrations. Fixing anthropogenic NO_x emissions at 1850 values in the near present-day period can eliminate the risk to human health.

Ozone (O₃) pollution reduces wheat yields and quality in India, affecting amino acids essential for nutrition, like lysine and methionine. Here, we improve the DO3SE-CropN model to simulate wheat’s protective processes against O₃ and their impact on protein and amino acid concentrations. While the model captures O₃-induced yield losses, it underestimates amino acid reductions. Further research is needed to refine the model, enabling future risk assessments of O₃'s impact on yields and nutrition.

Globally, lockdowns were implemented to limit the spread of COVID-19, leading to a decrease in emissions of key air pollutants. Here, we use novel satellite data and a chemistry model to investigate the impact of the pandemic on tropospheric ozone (O₃), a key pollutant, in 2020. Overall, we found substantial decreases of up to 20 %, 2/3s of which came from emission reductions while 1/3 was due to a decrease in the stratospheric ozone flux into the troposphere.

This study assesses the global impact of tropospheric ozone on wheat crops in the 21st century under various climate scenarios. The research highlights that ozone damage to wheat varies by region and depends on both ozone levels and climate. Vulnerable regions include East Asia, Northern Europe, and the Southern and Eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Our results emphasize the need of policies to reduce ozone levels and mitigate climate change to protect global food security.

Five global chemical reanalysis datasets were used to assess the relative impacts of assimilating satellite ozone and its precursors measurements on tropospheric ozone analyses for 2010. The multiple reanalysis system comparison allows for evaluating dependency of the impacts on different reanalysis systems. The results suggested the importance of satellite ozone and its precursor measurements for improving ozone analysis in the whole troposphere, with varying the magnitudes among the systems.

Accurate and comparable measurements of oxygenated organic compounds (OVOCs) are crucial to assess tropospheric ozone burdens and trends. However, monitoring of many OVOCs remains challenging because of their low atmospheric abundance and lack of stable and traceable calibration standards. This research describes the calibration standards developed for selected OVOCs at low amount of substance fractions (<100 nmol mol^-1) to transfer traceability to the international system of units to the field.

We establish a simple yet robust relationship between ozone production rates and several geophysical parameters obtained from several intensive atmospheric composition campaigns. We have shown that satellite remote sensing data can effectively constrain these parameters, enabling us to produce the first global maps of ozone production rates with unprecedented resolution.

Ozone is a secondary air pollutant that is detrimental to human and plant health. A better understanding of its chemical evolution is a challenge for Africa, where it is still under-sampled. Out of 14 sites examined (1995–2020), high levels of O₃ are reported in southern Africa. The dominant chemical processes leading to O₃ formation are identified. A decrease in O₃ is observed at Katibougou (Mali) and Banizoumbou (Niger), and an increase at Zoétélé (Cameroon) and Skukuza (South Africa).

The DO₃SE-crop model extends the DO₃SE to simulate ozone's impact on crops with modules for ozone uptake, damage, and crop growth from JULES-Crop. It's versatile, suits China's varied agriculture, and improves yield predictions under ozone stress. It is essential for policy, water management, and climate response, it integrates into Earth System Models for a comprehensive understanding of agriculture's interaction with global systems.

The Trajectory-mapped Ozonesonde dataset for the Stratosphere and Troposphere (TOST) provides a global-scale, long-term ozone climatology that is horizontally- and vertically-resolved. In this study, we improved, updated, and validated the TOST from 1970 to 2021. Based on this TOST dataset, we characterized global ozone variations spatially in both the troposphere and stratosphere and temporally by season and decade. We also showed a stagnant stratospheric ozone variation since the late 1990s.

Tropospheric O₃ molecules are labelled with the identity of their precursor source in CAM-Chem to quantify the contribution from various emission sources to the tropospheric O₃ burden (TOB) and its trends. With an equatorward shift, anthropogenic NO_x emissions become significantly more efficient at producing O₃ and play a major role in driving TOB trends. This is due to larger convection at the tropics effectively lifting O₃ and its precursors to the free troposphere where O₃ lifetime is longer.

This study uses model simulations along with multiplatform, multidisciplinary observations and a range of analysis methods to estimate and understand the distributions, temporal changes, and impacts of reactive nitrogen and ozone over the most populous US region that has undergone significant environmental changes. Deposition, biogenic emissions, and extra-regional sources have been playing increasingly important roles in controlling pollutants’ budgets in this area as local emissions go down.

Our study examines intense carbon monoxide (CO) pollution events measured by commercial aircrafts from the IAGOS research infrastructure. We combine these measurements with the SOFT-IO model to trace the origin of the observed CO. A comprehensive analysis of the geographical origin, source type, seasonal variation and ozone levels of these pollution events is provided.

An intercomparison study is performed at Lauder between multiple ground-based measurements. We want to know why different trends have been observed in the stratosphere and. Also, the quality and relevance of tropospheric data sets need to be evaluated for trend studies. We analyze potential biases and drifts between Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, Dobson Umkehr, ozonesonde, lidar, microwave radiometer, Dobson total column ozone and Bentham ultraviolet double monochromator (UV2).

We compare observed changes in ozone (O₃) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the tropical upper troposphere (10–15 km altitude) for 2005–2020 to predictions from model simulations that track the evolution of natural and industrial emissions transported to this region. An increasing trend in measured upper tropospheric O₃ is generally well matched by the model trends. We also find that changes in modeled industrial CO surface emissions lead to better model agreement with observed decreasing CO trends.