#!/usr/bin/env python2
import os.path
import glob
import json
import numpy as np
import numpy.ma
import math
import datetime
import matplotlib
# matplotlib.use('agg',warn=False, force=True)
import pylab as pl
import scipy.misc
import netCDF4 as nc
import collections
import mpl_toolkits.basemap as bm
import argparse
import logging
logging.basicConfig(
    level=logging.WARNING,
    format=(' [%(levelname)-7s] (%(asctime)s)'
            ' %(filename)s::%(lineno)d %(message)s'),
    datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

# TODO: Einheit um Messmast ist in MEZ!

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("Calculating Tokyo Emissions")
parser.add_argument("--tsukuba-start", default=170, type=float)
parser.add_argument("--tsukuba-stop", default=240, type=float)
args = parser.parse_args()

filetype = ".pdf"
hexbin_linewidth = (0.06 if filetype == ".pdf" else 0.2) # fix overlapping hexes

colors = collections.OrderedDict(
    darklila = "#332288",
    darkblue = "#4477aa",
    mediumblue = "#6699cc",
    brightblue = "#88ccee",
    bluegreen = "#44aa99",
    green = "#117733",
    olive = "#999933",
    yellow = "#ddcc77",
    darkred = "#661100",
    rose = "#cc6677",
    mediumrose = "#aa4466",
    darkrose = "#882255",
    purple = "#aa4499")

safemarkersfilled = ['o', 'H', '^', '*', 'h', 'd', 'D', 's', '.',
                     '8', 'p', 'v', '<', '>', 7, 4, 5, 6]*2


# tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop = 150, 260
# tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop = 180, 220
tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop = args.tsukuba_start, args.tsukuba_stop
# tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop = 170, 230

def plot_residuals_by_direction_composite(wdir_deg, wspd_m_s, residuals,
                                          time, species,
                                          speciestexstring, scale, unit):
    pl.suptitle("Residuals by wind direction $\Delta$"
                + speciestexstring
                + " (y - fit), %s (%s)" % (name, name_short),
                va='bottom')

    # wind direction as radial component
    ax = pl.subplot(221, projection='polar')
    b = ax.scatter(x=(wdir_deg%360) / 360. * np.pi * 2,
                   y=wspd_m_s,
                   c=residuals,
                   s=8,
                   alpha=1.0,
                   edgecolors='none',
                   cmap=pl.cm.RdYlBu_r)  # marker=safemarkersfilled[n], linestyle='None', alpha=0.1)
    ax.grid(True)
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
    cb.set_label("residuals / " + unit)
    ax.set_title("Wind speed / m/s", va='bottom')
    pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)

    # residuals as radial component
    ax = pl.subplot(222, projection='polar')
    b = ax.scatter(x=(wdir_deg%360) / 360. * np.pi * 2,
                   y=residuals + 10 * scale,
                   c=((time/365.25) + 1970),
                   s=wspd_m_s*10,
                   alpha=1./math.log10(len(residuals) + 10),
                   cmap=pl.cm.Paired) # marker=safemarkersfilled[n], linestyle='None', alpha=0.1)
    ax.set_rmax(20 * scale)
    ax.set_rticks([t * scale for t in range(5, 20, 5)])
    ax.set_yticklabels([str(l*scale) for l in range(-5, 10, 5)])  # less radial ticks
    # ax.set_rlabel_position(0) # show radial labels on zero-line
    ax.grid(True)
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
    cb.set_alpha(0.5)
    cb.draw_all()
    cb.update_ticks()
    cb.set_label("time / year")
    if time[-1] - 730 > time[0]:
        cb.set_ticks(range(1970, 2100))  # for two or more years simply show integers
    else:
        cb.set_ticks([l/4. for l in range(1970*4, 2100*4)]) # for less than two years show quarters
    # cb.ticklabel_format(style="plain")
    # cb.set_ticklabels([str(l) for l in range(1970, 2100)]) # simply integers
    ax.set_title("Residuals $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit) / " + unit, va='bottom')
    pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)

    def reject_outliers(data, m = 2.):
        d = np.abs(data - np.median(data))
        mdev = np.median(d)
        s = d/mdev if mdev else 0.
        return data[s < m]
    
    def red(data):
        if len(data) == 0:
            return None
        if len(data) == 1:
            return data[0]
        return np.mean(reject_outliers(np.array(data)))
    # hexbin residuals against wind direction and speed
    ax = pl.subplot(223)
    r = np.ma.masked_greater_equal(residuals, 0)
    ws = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=r.mask)
    wd = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=r.mask)
    b = ax.hexbin(x=wd,
                  y=ws,
                  C=r, # reduce_C_function=red,
                  gridsize=25,
                  cmap=pl.cm.viridis,
                  vmin=-2 * scale, vmax=0,
                  linewidths=hexbin_linewidth) # avoid overlapping
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
    pl.ylabel("column wind speed / m/s")
    ax.set_title("Negative $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')
    ax = pl.subplot(224)
    r = np.ma.masked_less(residuals, 0)
    ws = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=r.mask)
    wd = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=r.mask)
    b = ax.hexbin(x=wd,
                  y=ws,
                  C=r, # reduce_C_function=red,
                  gridsize=25,
                  cmap=pl.cm.magma_r,
                  vmin=0, vmax=2 * scale,
                  linewidths=hexbin_linewidth) # avoid overlapping
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    cb.set_label("mean residuum / " + unit)
    pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
    ax.set_title("Positive $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')

    # always store this file as .png, not as `filetype`, since the pdf would be huge.
    pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-radial-wind-speed-" + species + ".png", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
    pl.close()



def plot_windrose_residuals(wdir_deg, residuals):
    from windrose import WindroseAxes
    ax = WindroseAxes.from_ax()
    ax.bar(wdir_deg, residuals, normed=True, opening=0.8, edgecolor='white')
    ax.set_legend()
        

def plot_hexbin_by_direction_composite(wdir_deg, wspd_m_s, residuals, time, species, speciestexstring, scale, unit, name, name_short):
    pl.figure(figsize=(13, 3))
    pl.suptitle("Residuals by wind direction and speed at the %s site (%s)\n" % (name, name_short), va='bottom')

    def reject_outliers(data, m = 2.):
        d = np.abs(data - np.median(data))
        mdev = np.median(d)
        s = d/mdev if mdev else 0.
        return data[s < m]
    
    def red(data): # average the data with outlier detection
        if len(data) == 0:
            return None
        if len(data) == 1:
            return data[0]
        return np.mean(reject_outliers(np.array(data)))
    # hexbin residuals against wind direction and speed
    # negative residuals
    ax = pl.subplot(131)
    r = np.ma.masked_greater_equal(residuals, 0)
    ws = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=r.mask)
    wd = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=r.mask)
    b = ax.hexbin(x=wd,
                  y=ws,
                  C=r, # reduce_C_function=red,
                  gridsize=(25,30),
                  cmap=pl.cm.viridis,
                  vmin=-2 * scale, vmax=0,
                  linewidths=hexbin_linewidth) # avoid overlapping
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
    pl.xticks(range(60, 360, 60))
    pl.ylabel("column wind speed / m/s")
    ax.set_title("Negative $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')
    if name == "Tsukuba":
        min_angle, max_angle = tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop
        pl.axvline(min_angle, color="w", linewidth=2, alpha=0.4)
        pl.axvline(max_angle, color="w", linewidth=2, alpha=0.4)
        pl.axvline(min_angle-30, color="w", linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.3)
        pl.axvline(max_angle+30, color="w", linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.3)
        pl.text((min_angle+max_angle)/2.0, 0.5, "from\nwest\nTokyo\narea", color="w", alpha=0.7, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='bottom')
        pl.gca().axis([0,360,0,50]) # misses data above 50
        pl.gca().annotate("higher\nvalues\nclipped", xytext=(90, 45), xy=(90, 50), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"), horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='top')
        pl.ylabel("column wind speed / m/s")
        
    cb.set_label("mean residuum / " + unit)
    pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
    pl.xticks(range(60, 360, 60))
    ax.set_title("Negative $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')

    pl.grid()
    # tokyo map
    ax = pl.subplot(132)
    r = np.ma.masked_greater_equal(residuals, 0)
    ws = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=r.mask)
    wd = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=r.mask)
    if name == "Tsukuba":
        min_angle, max_angle = tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop
        m = bm.Basemap(projection='cea', lat_ts=37.5,
                       llcrnrlat=35.2, urcrnrlat=36.8,
                       llcrnrlon=139.2, urcrnrlon=140.8,
                       epsg=4301, # the map region for arcgisimage(), see http://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/4301/
                       resolution="l")

        m.drawmeridians(np.arange(139, 141, 0.5), labels=[0,0,0,1], linewidth=1.0, color=(1,1,1,0.3), zorder=1) # , yoffset=6) # labels = [left,right,top,bottom]
        m.drawparallels(np.arange(35, 37, 0.5), labels=[1,0,0,0], linewidth=1.0, color=(1,1,1,0.3), zorder=1)
        m.arcgisimage(dpi=1200)
        # add background image with population density
        x0, y0 = m(138 + 42./60, 34 + 51./60)
        x1, y1 = m(140 + 59.3/60, 36 + 20./60)
        densityimage = scipy.misc.imread("hasi-yamagata-2014-doi-10_1088--1748-9326--9--6--064015-cropped-34_50-36_20-138_50-140_50.png")
        pl.imshow(densityimage, extent=[x0, x1, y0, y1], alpha=1.0, interpolation="nearest")
        pl.text(x1, y0, "Surface type overlay from\nBagan 2014, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064015", color="gray", horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='bottom', fontsize="x-small")
        # annotate Tokyo
        lon, lat = 139.683333, 35.683333
        x, y = m(lon, lat)
        ax.annotate("Tokyo", xy=(x, y), xycoords="data", xytext=(10, -20), textcoords="offset points", color="w",
                    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='w'))
        # annotate Tsukuba (do this last: lon, lat, x and y are reused later!)
        lon, lat = 140.1215, 36.0513
        x, y = m(lon, lat) # tsukuba
        ax.annotate("Tsukuba", xy=(x, y), xycoords="data", xytext=(15, 5), textcoords="offset points", color="w",
                    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->", color='w'))
        lonmin = lon + (math.sin(min_angle / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        latmin = lat + (math.cos(min_angle / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        lonmax = lon + (math.sin(max_angle / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        latmax = lat + (math.cos(max_angle / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        lonminpstd = lon + (math.sin((min_angle-30) / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        latminpstd = lat + (math.cos((min_angle-30) / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        lonmaxmstd = lon + (math.sin((max_angle+30) / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        latmaxmstd = lat + (math.cos((max_angle+30) / 360. * 2 * math.pi) * 360. * 50 / 40000.)
        x1, y1 = m(lonmin, latmin)
        x2, y2 = m(lonmax, latmax)
        x1pstd, y1pstd = m(lonminpstd, latminpstd)
        x2mstd, y2mstd = m(lonmaxmstd, latmaxmstd)
        m.plot([x, x1], [y, y1], color="w", label="from west Tokyo area")
        m.plot([x, x2], [y, y2], color="w")
        m.plot([x, x1pstd], [y, y1pstd], color="w", alpha=0.5, label="30$^\circ$ uncertainty")
        m.plot([x, x2mstd], [y, y2mstd], color="w", alpha=0.5)
        pl.text(x1, y1, str(min_angle) + "$^\circ$", fontsize="x-small", color="w", horizontalalignment='right', verticalalignment='center')
        pl.text(x2, y2, str(max_angle) + "$^\circ$", fontsize="x-small", color="w", horizontalalignment='left', verticalalignment='top')
        legend = pl.legend(fontsize="smaller", loc="upper left", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.45)
        legend.get_frame().set_facecolor("k")
        legend.get_frame().set_edgecolor("w")
        for text in legend.get_texts():
            text.set_color("w")

        pl.title("Tokyo Area")
    else:
        b = ax.hexbin(x=wd,
                      y=ws,
                      C=r, # reduce_C_function=red,
                      gridsize=25,
                      cmap=pl.cm.viridis,
                      vmin=-2 * scale, vmax=0,
                      linewidths=hexbin_linewidth) # avoid overlapping
        cb = pl.colorbar(b)
        pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
        pl.xticks(range(60, 360, 60))
        pl.ylabel("column wind speed / m/s")
        ax.set_title("Negative $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')
    ax = pl.subplot(133)
    r = np.ma.masked_less(residuals, 0)
    ws = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=r.mask)
    wd = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=r.mask)
    b = ax.hexbin(x=wd,
                  y=ws,
                  C=r, # reduce_C_function=red,
                  gridsize=25,
                  cmap=pl.cm.magma_r,
                  vmin=0, vmax=2 * scale,
                  linewidths=hexbin_linewidth) # avoid overlapping
    cb = pl.colorbar(b)
    if name == "Tsukuba":
        pl.axvline(min_angle, color="w", linewidth=2, alpha=0.4)
        pl.axvline(max_angle, color="w", linewidth=2, alpha=0.4)
        pl.axvline(min_angle-30, color="w", linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.3)
        pl.axvline(max_angle+30, color="w", linewidth=1.5, alpha=0.3)
        pl.text((min_angle+max_angle)/2.0, 49, "from\nwest\nTokyo\narea", color="k", alpha=0.7, horizontalalignment='center', verticalalignment='top')
        pl.gca().axis([0,360,0,50])
        pl.ylabel("column wind speed / m/s")
        
    cb.set_label("mean residuum / " + unit)
    pl.xlabel("wind direction / degree")
    pl.xticks(range(60, 360, 60))
    ax.set_title("Positive $\Delta$" + speciestexstring + " (y - fit)", va='bottom')

    pl.grid()
    pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-hexbin-wind-speed-" + species + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False, dpi=600)
    pl.close()

    
def removefit(values, time):
    """Remove fit to trend, yearly cycle and daily cycle from data."""
    # mask fill values
    v = np.ma.masked_equal(values, -9999.9)
    values = np.ma.masked_array(values, mask=np.ma.mask_or(values.mask, v.mask))
    time = np.ma.masked_array(time, mask=values.mask)
    # start fitting
    try:
        values_trendfitparams = np.polyfit(time.compressed(), values.compressed(), 1)
        values_trendfit = np.poly1d(values_trendfitparams)
    except TypeError as e:
        logging.error(values, exc_info=True)
        print len(values), len(time)
        print len(values.compressed()), len(time.compressed())
        return values
    degree = 6
    degree_day = 4
    fitcycle_days = 365.25
    values_polyfitparams = np.polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days, values.compressed() - values_trendfit(time.compressed()), degree)
    values_polyfit = np.poly1d(values_polyfitparams)
    values_polyfitparams_days = np.polyfit(time.compressed()%1, values.compressed() - values_trendfit(time.compressed()) - values_polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days), degree_day)
    values_polyfit_days = np.poly1d(values_polyfitparams_days)
    residuals = values - values_trendfit(time) - values_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days) - values_polyfit_days(time%1)
    std = np.std(residuals)
    a = np.ma.masked_greater(residuals, np.median(residuals) + 5*std)
    b = np.ma.masked_less(residuals, np.median(residuals) - 5*std)
    return np.ma.masked_array(residuals, mask = np.ma.mask_or(
        np.ma.mask_or(values.mask, a.mask), b.mask))


binsize_deg = 60
labelled = set()
speciestex = {"xco2": "XCO$_2$", "xch4": "XCH$_4$", "xco": "XCO"}
speciesabsrange = {"xco2": 10, "xch4": 0.2, "xco": 200}
speciesunit = {"xco2": "ppm", "xch4": "ppm", "xco": "ppb"}
speciesmolarmass = {"xco2": 44.0, "xch4": 16.04, "xco": 28.01} # g/mol

with open("tateno-wind-scaling-by-day.json") as f:
    scaling_per_day = json.load(f)


def serial_date_to_string(srl_no):
    new_date = datetime.datetime(1970,1,1,0,0) + datetime.timedelta(srl_no - 1)
    return new_date.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")


for species in ["xco2", "xco", "xch4"]:
    # for n, i in enumerate(sorted(glob.glob("tccon-data/*.nc"))):
    for n, i in enumerate(sorted(glob.glob("tccon-data/tk20110804_20160330*.nc"))):
        print i
        D = nc.Dataset(i)
        name = D.Location.split(",")[0]
        name_short = os.path.basename(i)[:2]
        wdir_deg = D.variables["wdir_deg"][:]
        wspd_m_s = D.variables["wspd_m_s"][:]
        time = D.variables["time"][:]
        # scale the ground wind speed to the average boundary layer wind speed using the sonde data from Tateno
        time_daydate = map(serial_date_to_string, time)
        wind_scaling = np.array([(scaling_per_day[daydate] if daydate in scaling_per_day else 1)
                                 for daydate in time_daydate])
        wspd_m_s *= wind_scaling
                
        # check the variability of wind speed over the day
        binned = collections.defaultdict(list)
        toplot = []
        for q in range(int(min(time)), int(max(time))):
            indexes = np.argwhere(
                numpy.logical_and(time > q, time < (q + 0.5))) # does a rough japanese UTC adjustment to get all measurements of the same day
            if len(indexes) > 0:
                for p, d in zip([float(t) for t in time[indexes]%1],
                                [float(p) for p in (wspd_m_s[indexes] / max(1, wspd_m_s[indexes][-1]))]):
                    binned[int((p - (1/48.)) * 24)].append(d)
                toplot.append(([float(t) for t in time[indexes]%1],
                               [float(p) for p in (wspd_m_s[indexes] / max(1, wspd_m_s[indexes][-1]))]))
        labels = sorted(p for p in binned.keys())
        boxed = [v for k,v in sorted(binned.items())]
        for k, v in toplot:
            pl.plot([1 + (24 * l) for l in k], # boxplot indexes start at 1 and go in integer values
                    v, "x", alpha=0.008, color="purple")
        pl.boxplot(boxed, labels=labels, notch=True, showmeans=True)
        pl.yscale('log')
        pl.ylim(0.3333, 3.333)
        pl.grid(axis="y", which="both") # which: minor or major or both
        pl.title("variability of ground wind speed over the day at Tsukuba, Japan")
        pl.xlabel("time of day / UTC hours")
        pl.ylabel("wind speed divided by speed closest to 12 UTC / unitless")
        pl.savefig("wind-speed-quotient-tateno.pdf", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        pl.close()
        unit = speciesunit[species]
        xco2_ppm = D.variables[species + "_" + unit][:]
        xco2_ppm_error = D.variables[species + "_" + unit + "_error"][:]
        # masked fill values
        xco2_ppm = np.ma.masked_equal(xco2_ppm, -9999.9)
        # if there is a flags variable, use it
        if "flags" in D.variables:
            flags = D.variables["flags"][:]
        elif "mask" in D.variables:
            flags = D.variables["mask"][:]
        else:
            flags = 0
        xco2_ppm = np.ma.masked_array(
            xco2_ppm, np.ma.mask_or(xco2_ppm.mask, flags > 0))
        xco2_ppm_error = np.ma.masked_array(xco2_ppm_error, mask=xco2_ppm.mask)
            
        time = np.ma.masked_array(time, mask=xco2_ppm.mask)
        
        wdir_deg = np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=xco2_ppm.mask)
        wspd_m_s = np.ma.masked_array(wspd_m_s, mask=xco2_ppm.mask)
            
        # start fitting
        minidx = np.searchsorted(time, int(time[0]//365.25 + 1)*365.25)
        maxidx = np.searchsorted(time, int(time[-1]//365.25)*365.25)
        if len(time[minidx:maxidx].compressed()) < 2:
            minidx, maxidx = 0, len(time)
        should_mask_outside_tokyo = True
        if should_mask_outside_tokyo and "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            min_angle, max_angle = tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop
            wdir_deg_outside = pl.ma.masked_inside(wdir_deg, min_angle - 10, max_angle + 10)
            outside_tokyo_unflagged_mask = np.ma.mask_or(
                time.mask, wdir_deg_outside.mask)
            wdir_deg_inside = pl.ma.masked_outside(wdir_deg, min_angle - 10, max_angle + 10)
            inside_tokyo_unflagged_mask = np.ma.mask_or(
                time.mask, wdir_deg_inside.mask)
            pl.hist(wdir_deg_inside.compressed(), bins=range(0, 390, 10), label="From inside Tokyo Area")
            pl.ylim(0, 5000)
            pl.xlabel("incoming wind direction / deg")
            pl.ylabel("count from inside Tokyo")
            pl.legend(loc="upper left")
            pl.twinx()
            pl.ylabel("count from outside Tokyo")
            pl.hist(wdir_deg_outside.compressed(), bins=range(0, 390, 10), label="From outside Tokyo Area", color="g")
            pl.ylim(0, 5000)
            pl.legend(loc="upper right")
            pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-wind_mask-" + species + ".pdf", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
            pl.close()
            # pl.hist(np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=outside_tokyo_unflagged_mask).compressed())
            # pl.axvline(min_angle)
            # pl.axvline(max_angle)
            # pl.show()
            t = np.ma.masked_array(
                time, mask=outside_tokyo_unflagged_mask)
            c = np.ma.masked_array(
                xco2_ppm, mask=outside_tokyo_unflagged_mask)
            ti = np.ma.masked_array(
                time, mask=inside_tokyo_unflagged_mask)
            ci = np.ma.masked_array(
                xco2_ppm, mask=inside_tokyo_unflagged_mask)
            xco2_ppm_trendfitparams = np.polyfit(t[minidx:maxidx].compressed(),
                                                 c[minidx:maxidx].compressed(), 1)
            xco2_ppm_trendfitparams_inside = np.polyfit(ti[minidx:maxidx].compressed(),
                                                        ci[minidx:maxidx].compressed(), 1)
            
            pl.plot(ti.compressed(),ci.compressed(), label="Data from inside Tokyo Area", alpha=0.6, color="royalblue")
            pl.plot(t.compressed(),c.compressed(), label="Data from outside Tokyo Area", alpha=0.6, color="green")
            pl.plot(ti.compressed(),np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_trendfitparams_inside)(ti.compressed()), label="fit from inside Tokyo Area", color="turquoise")
            pl.plot(t.compressed(),np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_trendfitparams)(t.compressed()), label="fit from outside Tokyo Area", color="limegreen")
            pl.text(0.98, 0.015, ( 'trend from inside Tokyo: %.3f ppm per year\n' % (365.25*xco2_ppm_trendfitparams_inside[0],) +
                                   'trend from outside Tokyo: %.3f ppm per year' % (365.25*xco2_ppm_trendfitparams[0],)),
                    verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right',
                    transform=pl.gca().transAxes, color='gray', fontsize=9)

            pl.legend()
            pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-data_by_wind_mask-" + species + ".pdf", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
            pl.close()
        else:
            xco2_ppm_trendfitparams = np.polyfit(time[minidx:maxidx].compressed(),
                                                 xco2_ppm[minidx:maxidx].compressed(), 1)
        xco2_ppm_trendfit = np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_trendfitparams)
        degree = 6
        degree_day = 3
        fitcycle_days = 365.25
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            xco2_ppm_polyfitparams = np.polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days,
                                                xco2_ppm.compressed() - xco2_ppm_trendfit(
                                                    time.compressed()), degree)
            xco2_ppm_polyfit = np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams)
            xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days = np.polyfit((time.compressed() + 3./24)%1,
                                                     xco2_ppm.compressed() - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time.compressed()) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days),
                                                     degree_day)
            xco2_ppm_polyfit_days = np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days)
            residuals = xco2_ppm - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days) - xco2_ppm_polyfit_days((time + 3./24)%1)
        else:
            xco2_ppm_polyfitparams = np.polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days, xco2_ppm.compressed() - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time.compressed()), degree)
            xco2_ppm_polyfit = np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams)
            xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days = np.polyfit(time.compressed()%1, xco2_ppm.compressed() - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time.compressed()) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time.compressed()%fitcycle_days), degree_day)
            xco2_ppm_polyfit_days = np.poly1d(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days)
            residuals = xco2_ppm - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days) - xco2_ppm_polyfit_days(time%1)
        residuals_years = xco2_ppm - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days)
        # mask strong outliers
        std = np.std(residuals)
        a = np.ma.masked_greater(residuals, np.median(residuals) + 5*std)
        b = np.ma.masked_less(residuals, np.median(residuals) - 5*std)
        residuals = np.ma.masked_array(residuals, mask = np.ma.mask_or(
            np.ma.mask_or(xco2_ppm.mask, a.mask),
            b.mask))
        
        # plot_windrose_residuals(wdir_deg, residuals)
        # pl.show()
        
        # fit tokyo emissions
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            residualstimeswspd = np.ma.masked_array(residuals * wspd_m_s, mask=residuals.mask)
    
            prior_date_index = D.variables["prior_date_index"][:]
            prior_gravity = D.variables["prior_gravity"][:] # prior_date, height
            pressure = D.variables["pout_hPa"][:] # prior_date, height

            def concentration2mass(xspecies, prior_date_index, prior_gravity, pressure, speciesmolarmass, concentration_unit="ppm"):
                """Convert X<species> [concentration_unit] 
                into total column mass [g/m^2].
                
                Keep the mask of xspecies."""
                mass = np.zeros(xspecies.shape) # by time
                if 1500 < pressure[0] < 500: # hPa, should be 1000 at surface
                    raise ValueError("pressure[0] is %f, should be around 1000 hPa" % (
                        pressure[0]))
                level = 0 # at the surface
                for i in range(mass.shape[0]):
                    p = pressure[i] # hPa == N/m^2 / 100 == kg/(m * s^2) / 100
                    g = prior_gravity[prior_date_index[i], level] # m/s^2
                    column_mass = ((p * 100) / g) * 1000 # g / m^2
                    if 20e6 < column_mass < 5e6:
                        raise ValueError("column_mass is %f g but should be around 10 tons" % column_mass)
                    mass[i] = xspecies[i] * column_mass
                    # print "pressure", p, "gravity", g, "air column mass", column_mass, "xspecies", xspecies[i], "mass", mass[i]
                if concentration_unit == "ppm":
                    mass /= 1e6
                elif concentration_unit == "ppb":
                    mass /= 1e9
                elif concentration_unit == "ppt":
                    mass /= 1e12
                else:
                    raise ValueError("unknown concentration_unit: %s" % concentration_unit)
                # adjust the mass following Bannon et. al 1997,
                # 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2637:dtspet>2.0.co;2
                mass /= 0.9975
                molarmassair = 28.9 # g/mol
                mass = mass * (speciesmolarmass / molarmassair)
                return np.ma.masked_array(mass, mask=xspecies.mask)
    
            residualscolumnmasstimeswspd = concentration2mass(
                residualstimeswspd, prior_date_index,
                prior_gravity, pressure, speciesmolarmass[species],
                concentration_unit=unit)
        
            wspeed_low = 5
            wspeed_high = 15
            _speedmask1 = pl.where(wspd_m_s > wspeed_low, False, True)
            _speedmask2 = pl.where(wspd_m_s < wspeed_high, False, True)
            speedmask = np.ma.mask_or(_speedmask1, _speedmask2)
            bgmask = np.ma.mask_or(speedmask,
                                   np.ma.mask_or(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd.mask,
                                                 pl.where((wdir_deg - 30)%360 > (270 - 30), False, True)))
            bgmedian = np.median(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=bgmask).compressed())
            pl.axhline(bgmedian, color="black", linewidth=4, label="median background")
            pl.axvline(270, color="k", linewidth=2, alpha=0.2, label="background limits")
            pl.axvline(50, color="k", linewidth=2, alpha=0.2)
            pl.scatter(np.ma.masked_array(wdir_deg, mask=speedmask),
                       np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=speedmask), marker="x", alpha=0.5, color="gray")
            start, stop = tsukuba_tokyo_start_stop
            medians_outer = []
            outer_wdirs = range(0, int(start))
            for wd in outer_wdirs:
                mask = np.ma.mask_or(speedmask,
                                     np.ma.mask_or(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd.mask,
                                                   pl.where(np.around(wdir_deg) == wd, False, True)))
                medians_outer.append(np.median(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=mask).compressed()))
            pl.plot(outer_wdirs, np.array(medians_outer), color="k", alpha=0.3, label="median")
            # store the data for later json output
            residuals_mean_data = {}
            residuals_mean_data["wspd_m_s"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in wspd_m_s]
            residuals_mean_data["wdir_deg"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in wdir_deg]
            residuals_mean_data["wdirs_outer"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in outer_wdirs]
            residuals_mean_data["medians_outer"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in medians_outer]
            medians_outer = []
            outer_wdirs = range(int(stop), 360)
            for wd in outer_wdirs:
                mask = np.ma.mask_or(speedmask,
                                     np.ma.mask_or(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd.mask,
                                                   pl.where(np.around(wdir_deg) == wd, False, True)))
                medians_outer.append(np.median(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=mask).compressed()))
            pl.plot(outer_wdirs, np.array(medians_outer), color="k", alpha=0.3)
            # add the right side of the values
            residuals_mean_data["wdirs_outer"].extend([float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in outer_wdirs])
            residuals_mean_data["medians_outer"].extend([float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in medians_outer])
            means = []
            medians = []
            stds = []
            wdirs = range(int(start), int(stop))
            for wd in wdirs:
                mask = np.ma.mask_or(speedmask,
                                     np.ma.mask_or(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd.mask,
                                                   pl.where(np.around(wdir_deg) == wd, False, True)))
                means.append(np.mean(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=mask).compressed()))
                medians.append(np.median(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=mask).compressed()))
                stds.append(np.std(np.ma.masked_array(residualscolumnmasstimeswspd, mask=mask).compressed()))
            residuals_mean_data["fromtokyo_wdirs"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in wdirs]
            residuals_mean_data["fromtokyo_means"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in means]
            residuals_mean_data["fromtokyo_stds"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in stds]
            residuals_mean_data["fromtokyo_medians"] = [float(NOWHEREELSE) for NOWHEREELSE in medians]
            residuals_mean_data["bgmedian"] = bgmedian
            pl.fill_between(wdirs, np.array(means)-np.array(stds), np.array(means)+np.array(stds), label="std", alpha=0.2)
            print species, "column mass times wspd, sum of means minus median background from", start, "to", stop, ":", sum(means) - bgmedian
            print species, "column mass times wspd, mean of means minus median background from", start, "to", stop, ":", np.mean(means) - bgmedian, "+-", np.std(means)
            pl.plot(wdirs, np.array(medians), label="median Tokyo")
            pl.plot(wdirs, np.array(means), label="mean Tokyo")
            pl.legend(loc="upper left", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
            pl.title("%s, $\\bar\Delta$=%4.1f$\pm$%4.1f %s m$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$, %d < wspd ms$^{-1}$ < %d" % (name, np.mean(means) - bgmedian, np.std(means), "g", wspeed_low, wspeed_high))
            pl.xlabel("wind origin / degree")
            pl.xlim(0, 360)
            pl.ylabel("$\Delta$%s $\\times$ wspd / %s m$^{-2}$ $\\times$ ms$^{-1}$"  % (speciestex[species], "g"))
            pl.grid()
            pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-tsukuba-residuals-" + species + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
            pl.close()
            with open(i[:-3] + "-tsukuba-residuals" + species + ".json", "w") as f:
                json.dump(residuals_mean_data, f)
        
        # plot the fits
        pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm, label="data", color="royalblue")
        # pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) + xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days), label="fit trend + yearly")
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i or True:
            minidx = np.searchsorted(time, int(time[0]//365.25 + 1)*365.25)
            maxidx = np.searchsorted(time, int(time[-1]//365.25)*365.25)
            if len(time[minidx:maxidx].compressed()) < 2:
                minidx, maxidx = 0, len(time)
            pl.plot(time[minidx:maxidx]/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm_trendfit(time[minidx:maxidx]), label="trend", color="red")
        else:
            pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm_trendfit(time), label="trend", color="red")
        pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) + xco2_ppm_trendfit(time[0]), label="detrended (data - trend)", color="deepskyblue")
        pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970., xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days) + xco2_ppm_trendfit(time[0]), label="yearly cycle fit, degree %d" % degree, color="magenta")
        shift = max(1e-12, xco2_ppm_trendfit(time[0]) - 6 * np.std(residuals))
        # round shift to give clearer output
        if math.log10(shift) < 0:
            shift = np.around(shift, -int(math.log10(shift)) + 2)
        else:
            shift = np.around(shift, -int(math.log10(shift)) + 1)
        pl.plot(time/365.25 + 1970, residuals_years + shift, label="residuals (data - fit), %+3.1f" % shift + unit, color="green")
        pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            pl.title("Trend and average seasonal cycle in Tsukuba, Japan (tk)")
        else:
            pl.title("%s (%s)" % (name, name_short))
        pl.xlabel("time / years")
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            pl.xlim(41.5 + 1970, 46.5 + 1970)
        pl.text(0.98, 0.015, ( 'trend: %.3f ppm per year\n' % (365.25*xco2_ppm_trendfitparams[0],)) +
                ('fitparams: ') +
                (('%.1e, ' * len(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams)) % tuple([365.25*k for k in xco2_ppm_polyfitparams[:-1]] + [xco2_ppm_polyfitparams[0]]))[:-2],
                verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right',
                transform=pl.gca().transAxes, color='gray', fontsize=9)
        pl.ylabel(speciestex[species] + " / " + unit)
        pl.gca().get_xaxis().get_major_formatter().set_useOffset(False)
        pl.grid()
        pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-fit-" + species + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        pl.close()

        # plot daily cycle
        daily_change = xco2_ppm - xco2_ppm_trendfit(time) - xco2_ppm_polyfit(time%fitcycle_days)
        shift = 6 * np.std(daily_change)
        # round shift to give clearer output
        if math.log10(shift) < 0:
            shift = np.around(shift, -int(math.log10(shift)) + 1)
        else:
            shift = np.around(shift, -int(math.log10(shift)))
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            pl.plot(((time + 3./24)%1) * 24, daily_change, ",", label="data (w/o trend, w/o yearly cycle)", alpha=0.3)
            pl.plot(((time + 3./24)%1) * 24, residuals - shift, ",", label="residuals (data - fit) - %3.1f" % shift, alpha=0.3)
            pl.plot(((time + 3./24)%1) * 24, xco2_ppm_polyfit_days((time + 3./24)%1), ".", label="daily cycle fit, degree %d" % degree_day, alpha=0.5)
            pl.xticks([3, 5, 7, 9, 11], ["0", "2", "4", "6", "8"])
            pl.ylim(-19.9 * speciesabsrange[species]/speciesabsrange["xco2"],
                    19.9 * speciesabsrange[species]/speciesabsrange["xco2"])
            pl.title("Average daily cycle in Tsukuba, Japan (tk)")
            pl.legend(loc="upper left", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
        else:
            pl.plot((time%1) * 24, daily_change, ",", label="data (w/o trend, w/o yearly cycle)", alpha=0.8)
            pl.plot((time%1) * 24, residuals - shift, ",", label="residuals (data - fit) - %3.1f" % shift, alpha=0.8)
            pl.plot((time%1) * 24, xco2_ppm_polyfit_days(time%1), ".", label="daily cycle fit, degree %d" % degree_day, alpha=0.5)
            pl.title("%s (%s)" % (name, name_short))
            pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
        pl.xlabel("time of day / hour UTC")
        pl.ylabel(speciestex[species] + " / " + unit)
        pl.grid()
        pl.text(0.98, 0.015, ('\nfitparams: ') +
                (('%.2e, ' * len(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days)) % tuple(xco2_ppm_polyfitparams_days))[:-2],
                verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='right',
                transform=pl.gca().transAxes, color='gray', fontsize=8)
        # pl.show()
        if "tccon-data/tk2" in i:
            # add a subplot with the mean daily cycle
            fig = pl.gcf()
            ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
            subpos = [0.64, 0.625, 0.335, 0.34]
            box = ax.get_position()
            width = box.width
            height = box.height
            inax_position  = ax.transAxes.transform(subpos[0:2])
            transFigure = fig.transFigure.inverted()
            infig_position = transFigure.transform(inax_position)    
            x = infig_position[0]
            y = infig_position[1]
            width *= subpos[2]
            height *= subpos[3]  # <= Typo was here
            subax = fig.add_axes([x,y,width,height],facecolor="w")
            x_labelsize = subax.get_xticklabels()[0].get_size()
            y_labelsize = subax.get_yticklabels()[0].get_size()
            x_labelsize *= subpos[2]**0.5
            y_labelsize *= subpos[3]**0.5
            subax.xaxis.set_tick_params(labelsize=x_labelsize)
            subax.yaxis.set_tick_params(labelsize=y_labelsize)
            pl.xlim(2, 12)
            pl.ylim(-0.8 * speciesabsrange[species]/speciesabsrange["xco2"],
                    0.4 * speciesabsrange[species]/speciesabsrange["xco2"])
            pl.plot(((time + 3./24)%1) * 24, daily_change, ",", label="data", alpha=0.3)
            pl.plot(((time + 3./24)%1) * 24, xco2_ppm_polyfit_days((time + 3./24)%1), ".", label="daily cycle fit", alpha=0.5, color="g")
            pl.xticks([3, 5, 7, 9, 11], ["0", "2", "4", "6", "8"])
            pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.7)

        pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-fit-daily-" + species + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        pl.close()

        # radial plot
        ax = pl.subplot(111, projection='polar')
        b = ax.scatter(x=(wdir_deg%360) / 360. * np.pi * 2,
                       y=residuals + speciesabsrange[species],
                       c=((time/365.25) + 1970),
                       s=wspd_m_s*10,
                       alpha=1./math.log10(len(residuals) + 10),
                       cmap=pl.cm.Paired) # marker=safemarkersfilled[n], linestyle='None', alpha=0.1)
        ax.set_rmax(2 * (speciesabsrange[species]))
        ax.set_rticks([t * speciesabsrange[species]/10. for t in range(5, 20, 5)])
        ax.set_yticklabels([str(l * speciesabsrange[species] / 10.) for l in range(-5, 10, 5)])  # less radial ticks
        # ax.set_rlabel_position(0) # show radial labels on zero-line
        ax.grid(True)
        cb = pl.colorbar(b)
        cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
        cb.set_alpha(0.5)
        cb.draw_all()
        cb.update_ticks()
        cb.set_label("time / year")
        if time[-1] - 730 > time[0]:
            cb.set_ticks(range(1970, 2100)) # for two or more years simply show integers
        else:
            cb.set_ticks([l/4. for l in range(1970*4, 2100*4)]) # for less than two years show quarters
        # cb.ticklabel_format(style="plain")
        # cb.set_ticklabels([str(l) for l in range(1970, 2100)]) # simply integers
        
        ax.set_title("Residuals by wind direction $\Delta$" + speciestex[species] + " (y - fit) / %s, %s (%s)" % (unit, name, name_short), va='bottom')
        pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
        # always store this as .png, not as `filetype`, since the pdf would be huge.
        pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-radial-" + species + ".png", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        pl.close()

        plot_hexbin_by_direction_composite(wdir_deg, wspd_m_s, residuals, time,
                                           species=species, speciestexstring=speciestex[species],
                                           scale=speciesabsrange[species] / float(speciesabsrange["xco2"]),
                                           unit=unit, name=name, name_short=name_short)
        
        plot_residuals_by_direction_composite(wdir_deg, wspd_m_s, residuals, time,
                                              species=species, speciestexstring=speciestex[species],
                                              scale=speciesabsrange[species] / float(speciesabsrange["xco2"]),
                                              unit=unit)
        
        for nbin in range(360 // binsize_deg):
            w = np.ma.masked_outside(wdir_deg, nbin*binsize_deg, (nbin+1)*binsize_deg)
            t = np.ma.masked_array(time, mask=w.mask) # days since 1970
            # dco2peryear_ppm = 1.9
            # c = np.ma.masked_array(xco2_ppm, mask=w.mask) - (t/fitcycle_days.25 * dco2peryear_ppm)
            c = np.ma.masked_array(residuals, mask=w.mask)
            e = np.ma.masked_array(xco2_ppm_error, mask=w.mask)
            if nbin not in labelled:
                # add the label, but without transparency
                pl.plot(np.NaN, np.NaN,
                        marker=safemarkersfilled[n], linestyle='None', color=colors[colors.keys()[nbin]],
                        label="{}$^\circ$ < wdir < {}$^\circ$".format(nbin*binsize_deg, (nbin+1)*binsize_deg))
                labelled.add(nbin)
            pl.plot((t%1) * 24, c,
                    marker=safemarkersfilled[n], linestyle='None', color=colors[colors.keys()[nbin]],
                    alpha=1./math.log10(sum(t.mask)))
        leg = pl.legend(loc="best", fancybox=True, framealpha=0.5)
        pl.title("Residuals in %s (%s)" % (name, name_short))
        pl.xlabel("time of day / hour")
        pl.ylabel("$\Delta$" + speciestex[species] + " (measurement minus fit) / " + unit)
        # always store this file as .png, not as `filetype`, since the pdf would be large (3MiB) and I do not need it for publication.
        pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-daily-by-wdir-" + species + ".png", bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        pl.close()
        labelled = set()
        
        # plot correlations (expensive)
        # names = ["xch4_ppm", "xco2_ppm", "xco_ppb", "xh2o_ppm", "xhdo_ppm", "xhf_ppt", "xn2o_ppb", "wspd_m_s", "wdir_deg"]
        # obs = np.zeros((len(names)+1, len(residuals)))
        # obs[0,:] = residuals[:]
        # for n, na in enumerate(names):# prior_ch4 zmin_km + *_error
        #     obs[n+1,:] = D.variables[na][:]
        # pl.imshow(pl.corrcoef(obs), cmap=pl.cm.Spectral_r, vmin=-1, vmax=1)
        # pl.colorbar()
        # pl.gca().set_xticks(range(len(names)+1))
        # pl.gca().set_xticklabels([species]+names, rotation=90)
        # pl.gca().invert_yaxis()
        # pl.gca().set_yticks(range(len(names)+1))
        # pl.gca().set_yticklabels([species]+names)
        # pl.title("Correlation Coefficients for %s" % name)
        # pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-correlation-" + species + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        # pl.close()
        # for na in names:
        #     # scatter species against species
        #     val = D.variables[na][:]
        #     # mask fill values
        #     val = np.ma.masked_equal(val, -9999.9)
        #     b = pl.scatter(x=xco2_ppm,
        #                    y=val,
        #                    c=((time/365.25) + 1970),
        #                    alpha=1.8/math.log10(len(residuals) + 100),
        #                    cmap=pl.cm.Paired,
        #                    marker="x")
        #     pl.ylabel(na.replace("_", " / "))
        #     pl.xlabel("%s residuals / ppm" % speciestex[species])
        #     pl.title("%s - %s vs. %s" % (name, na.split("_")[0], speciestex[species]))
        #     pl.gca().grid(True) 
        #     cb = pl.colorbar(b)
        #     cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
        #     cb.set_alpha(1)
        #     cb.draw_all()
        #     cb.update_ticks()
        #     cb.set_label("time / year")
        #     if time[-1] - 730 > time[0]:
        #         cb.set_ticks(range(1970, 2100)) # for two or more years simply show integers
        #     else:
        #         cb.set_ticks([l/4. for l in range(1970*4, 2100*4)]) # for less than two years show quarters
        #     pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-scatter-no-residuals-" + species + "-" + na + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        #     pl.close()
        #     # scatter species against residuals
        #     val = D.variables[na][:]
        #     # mask fill values
        #     val = np.ma.masked_equal(val, -9999.9)
        #     b = pl.scatter(x=residuals,
        #                    y=val,
        #                    c=((time/365.25) + 1970),
        #                    alpha=1.8/math.log10(len(residuals) + 100),
        #                    cmap=pl.cm.Paired,
        #                    marker="x")
        #     pl.ylabel(na.replace("_", " / "))
        #     pl.xlabel("%s residuals / ppm" % speciestex[species])
        #     pl.title("%s - %s vs. $\Delta$%s" % (name, na.split("_")[0], speciestex[species]))
        #     pl.gca().grid(True) 
        #     cb = pl.colorbar(b)
        #     cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
        #     cb.set_alpha(1)
        #     cb.draw_all()
        #     cb.update_ticks()
        #     cb.set_label("time / year")
        #     if time[-1] - 730 > time[0]:
        #         cb.set_ticks(range(1970, 2100)) # for two or more years simply show integers
        #     else:
        #         cb.set_ticks([l/4. for l in range(1970*4, 2100*4)]) # for less than two years show quarters
        #     pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-scatter-" + species + "-" + na + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        #     pl.close()
        #     # scatter residuals against species residuals
        #     val = np.ma.masked_array(D.variables[na][:], mask=time.mask)
        #     b = pl.scatter(x=residuals,
        #                    y=removefit(val, time),
        #                    c=((time/365.25) + 1970),
        #                    alpha=1.8/math.log10(len(residuals) + 100),
        #                    cmap=pl.cm.Paired,
        #                    marker="x")
        #     pl.ylabel("residuals %s" % na.replace("_", " / "))
        #     pl.xlabel("residuals %s / ppm" % speciestex[species])
        #     pl.title("%s - $\Delta$%s vs. $\Delta$%s" % (name, na.split("_")[0], speciestex[species]))
        #     pl.gca().grid(True)
        #     cb = pl.colorbar(b)
        #     cb.formatter.set_useOffset(False)
        #     cb.set_alpha(1)
        #     cb.draw_all()
        #     cb.update_ticks()
        #     cb.set_label("time / year")
        #     if time[-1] - 730 > time[0]:
        #         cb.set_ticks(range(1970, 2100)) # for two or more years simply show integers
        #     else:
        #         cb.set_ticks([l/4. for l in range(1970*4, 2100*4)]) # for less than two years show quarters
        #     pl.savefig(i[:-3]+"-scatter-residuals-" + species + "-" + na + filetype, bbox_inches='tight', transparent=False)
        #     pl.close()
        
# pl.legend()
# pl.show()
