<p>The reaction of sea salt (or biomass burning) particles with sulfuric acid and nitric acid leads to the displacement of chloride relative to sodium (or potassium). We have developed a new particle mass spectrometer to quantify non-refractory and refractory sulfate aerosols (referred to as refractory aerosol thermal desorption mass spectrometer: rTDMS). The combination of a graphite particle collector and a carbon dioxide laser enables high desorption temperature (up to 930 °C). Ion signals originating from evolved gas molecules are detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Here we propose a new method to quantify the mass concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO<sub>3</sub>: SN), sodium chloride (NaCl: SC), sodium sulfate (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: SS), potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>: PN), potassium chloride (KCl: PC), and potassium sulfate (K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> : PS) particles by using the rTDMS. Laboratory experiments were performed to test the sensitivities of the rTDMS to various types of particles. We measured ion signals originating from single-component particles for each compound, and found a good linearity (r<sup>2</sup> > 0.8) between the major ion signals and mass loadings. We also measured ion signals originating from internally mixed SN + SC + SS (or PN + PC + PS) particles, and found that the temporal profiles of ion signals at <em>m/z</em> 23 (or 39) were characterized by three sequential peaks associated with the evolution of the desorption temperature. We tested potential interferences in the quantification of sea salt particles under real-world conditions by artificially generating "modified" sea salt particles from a mixture of diluted seawater and SS/SN solution. Based on these experimental results, the applicability of the rTDMS to ambient measurements of sea salt particles is discussed.</p>