Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-87
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2021-87
25 May 2021
 | 25 May 2021
Status: this preprint was under review for the journal AMT but the revision was not accepted.

Validation of tropospheric ties at the test setup GNSS co-location site Potsdam

Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, Robert Heinkelmann, Markus Ramatschi, Kyriakos Balidakis, Benjamin Männel, and Harald Schuh

Abstract. Atmospheric ties are theoretically affected by the height differences between antennas at the same site and the meteorological conditions. However, there is often a discrepancy between the expected zenith delay differences and those estimated from geodetic analysis, potentially degrading a combined solution employing atmospheric ties. In order to investigate the possible effects on GNSS atmospheric delay, this study set up an experiment of four co-located GNSS stations of the same type, both antenna and receiver. Specific height differences for each antenna w.r.t the reference antenna are given. One antenna was equipped with a radome at the same height and type as a antenna close to the ground. In addition, a meteorological sensor was used for meteorological data recording. The results show that tropospheric ties from the analytical equation based on meteorological data from GPT3, Numerical Weather Model, and in-situ measurements, and ray-traced tropospheric ties, reduced the bias of zenith delay roughly by 72 %. However, the in-situ tropospheric ties yield the best precision in this study. These results demonstrate, that the instrument effects on GNSS zenith delays were mitigated by using the same instrument. In contrast, the radome causes unexpected bias of GNSS zenith delays in this study. Additionally, multipath effects at low-elevation observations degraded the tropospheric east gradients.

Chaiyaporn Kitpracha et al.

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Anonymous Referee #3, 14 Aug 2021
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 24 Sep 2021
  • AC1: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 17 Aug 2021
  • RC2: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Anonymous Referee #4, 20 Aug 2021
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 24 Sep 2021

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Anonymous Referee #3, 14 Aug 2021
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 24 Sep 2021
  • AC1: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 17 Aug 2021
  • RC2: 'Comment on amt-2021-87', Anonymous Referee #4, 20 Aug 2021
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC2', Chaiyaporn Kitpracha, 24 Sep 2021

Chaiyaporn Kitpracha et al.

Chaiyaporn Kitpracha et al.

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Short summary
In this study, we expected to learn what are the potential effects of GNSS atmospheric delays from this unique experiment. The results show that the instrument effects on GNSS zenith delays were mitigated by using the same instrument. The radome causes unexpected bias of GNSS zenith delays in this study. Additionally, multipath effects at low-elevation observations degraded the tropospheric east gradients.