https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/ Combined list of the recent articles of the journal Atmospheric Measurement Techniques and the recent discussion forum Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions en https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6341-2026 Research on deep learning-based missing echo restoration method for weather radar mosaic data Husong Guo, Muyun Du, Xiangyu Fan, Cuihong Wu, Anwei Lai, and Hedi Ma Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6341–6356, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6341-2026, 2026 Radar mosaic data is crucial for accurate and timely disaster weather warnings. However, missing regional data – caused by hardware failures or delayed file transfers, severely limits its quantitative use. Existing methods either struggle with complex and diverse missing patterns; or rely on known missing masks. To address this, We propose a deep learning–based radar echo restoration method that requires no explicit missing-data prior and delivers reliable, real-time performance. Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6327-2026 Estimating beam pointing of vertically pointing cloud radars using radiosonde measurements Min Deng, Scott E. Giangrande, Adam K. Theisen, Karen L. Johnson, Iosif A. Lindenmaier, Timothy G. Wendler, Jennifer Comstock, Marquette Rocque, Zeen Zhu, and Alyssa Matthews Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6327–6339, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6327-2026, 2026 Cloud radars are used to measure air motion, clouds, and precipitation, but small pointing errors can reduce their accuracy. We developed a method to detect these errors using routine weather balloon observations. Tests with several radar systems in different environments showed that the method can identify small but important pointing biases, helping improve the accuracy and long-term consistency of weather and climate observations. Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6357-2026 Towards harmonized measurements of condensable vapors: insights from the intercomparison of six chemical ionization mass spectrometers at a boreal forest site Cecilia Righi, Mihai Ciobanu, Neha Deot, Tuija Jokinen, Chengfeng Liu, Qi Yuan, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Spiro Jorga, Veronika Pospisilova, Lisa J. Beck, Mario Simon, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Andreas Kürten, Ruben Soler, Teresa Vera, Amalia Muñoz, Lauri R. Ahonen, Chao Yan, Tuukka Petäjä, and Nina Sarnela Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6357–6378, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6357-2026, 2026 Chemical ionization mass spectrometry is widely used to detect condensable vapors as sulfuric acid and highly oxygenated organic molecules, but results across studies are not always comparable. In summer 2024, an intercomparison campaign involving six instruments was conducted at a boreal forest site. Comparable measurements were achievable when all calibration and correction factors were applied. Instrument behavior depended more on inlet design and operating conditions than reagent ion choice. Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6293-2026 EigenFlux: a stable multi-stream radiative transfer method for strongly scattering media Daniel P. Johnson and Matthew S. Johnson Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6293–6309, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6293-2026, 2026 Light scattering is important in the atmosphere, oceans, snow, ice, paints, and many other materials. We developed EigenFlux, a new open-source method for simulating how light moves through complex materials. It remains accurate, stable, and efficient even when scattering is extremely strong or highly directional, conditions that can challenge existing methods. This broadens the range of systems that can be modeled reliably. Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6311-2026 On-line analysis of N2O isotopic composition during biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment to disentangle production and reduction processes Hannes Keck, Laurence Strubbe, Paul M. Magyar, Adriano Joss, Andreas Froemelt, André Kupferschmid, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Joachim Mohn Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6311–6326, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6311-2026, 2026 We monitored nitrous oxide in a pilot wastewater treatment plant in real time to understand how microbes produce and remove this greenhouse gas. We designed and tested a laser-based analytical setup, with which we were able to show that denitrification is the main source of nitrous oxide emissions and that low oxygen concentrations enhances nitrous oxide removal. Our approach offers a new way to monitor the wastewater treatment processes and to cut climate-relevant nitrous oxide emissions. Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6267-2026 The LOLland offshore Lidar EXperiment (LOLLEX): a novel observational approach for the study of wind farm flow and entrainment Shokoufeh Malekmohammadi, Etienne Cheynet, Joachim Reuder, Claus Linnemann, Mikael Sjöholm, Jakob Mann, and Gregor Giebel Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6267–6292, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6267-2026, 2026 This study presents a lidar measurement strategy developed during a one-year offshore campaign. A ship-based scanning lidar provided high-resolution vertical wind measurements used to study turbulent mixing and atmospheric waves, complemented by wind speed profiles from a co-located wind profiler. A scanning lidar on a fixed platform observed turbine wakes, supported by the ship-based profiler. The results demonstrate the value of the strategy and dataset for wind energy and atmospheric science. Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6209-2026 Long-term climatology of vertical profiles of polarimetric variables and ice-microphysical retrievals at X-band – Part 1: Radar calibration Tobias Scharbach, Velibor Pejcic, and Silke Trömel Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6209–6228, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6209-2026, 2026 For the X-band radar in Bonn, the birdbath method has proven to be insufficient for calibrating differential reflectivity. This study raises awareness of the need for critically applying the birdbath method. A novel technique for calibrating the reflectivity factor is presented and compared with satellite measurements, serving as ground truth, and a known standard calibration method. The offset values agree well with the satellite and even exceed the accuracy of the standard calibration method. Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6251-2026 Dual-frequency profiler study of hydrometeor fall speeds in tropical deep convection Scott E. Giangrande, Christopher R. Williams, and Alain Protat Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6251–6265, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6251-2026, 2026 Better characterization of precipitation characteristics has important implications for simulated storm behaviors and remotely-sensed retrievals of cloud intensity. We use a unique radar technique to estimate the fall speeds of media found within deep tropical clouds. These retrievals can be performed within intense storm conditions that are otherwise impractical to sample. Our observations suggest mixed media or graupel fall speeds are contextually faster than prior references. Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6229-2026 From opportunity to continuity: a CubeSat implementation to enhance Earth's radiation budget observations from space McKenzie A. Hawkins, Matthew Watwood, Mathew van den Heever, Peter Pilewskie, and Dave Harber Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6229–6250, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6229-2026, 2026 Continuous monitoring of Earth's energy balance from space is essential for understanding climate change. Beyond the next planned mission, continuity of these observations remains uncertain. Earth-viewing observations from a CubeSat designed to observe the Sun were compared to established Earth-observing instruments, showing close agreement. Results suggest CubeSats could reduce the risk of gaps in long-term records and that solar-monitoring instruments could be designed to observe Earth, too. Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6193-2026 Evaluation of a moist-adiabat cloud-top height retrieval for parallax correction of deep convective clouds across Meteosat generations Andrzej Z. Kotarba Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6193–6208, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6193-2026, 2026 Deep convective clouds are difficult to locate precisely in weather satellite images due to viewing-angle distortions. We tested a method that estimates cloud-top heights from infrared temperature data alone — available on weather satellites for over 40 years without need for advanced sensors. The method proved accurate enough to correct these distortions, enabling consistent long-term storm cloud records across all generations of European weather satellites using a single, uniform approach. Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6171-2026 Satellite-based global monitoring of urban-scale methane emissions Huihui Long, Maria Tsivlidou, Hugo Ricketts, and Grant Allen Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6171–6191, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6171-2026, 2026 Methane emissions from cities are difficult to quantify using direct measurements. Satellites like TROPOMI can help with this. This study develops new ways to calculate emissions from satellite data and tests new methods for London, New York and Los Angeles in recent years. Tue, 29 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6159-2026 Good performance of low-cost fast-response carbon dioxide sensor based on intercomparison with the standard eddy-covariance system Üllar Rannik, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Pirkko Väkimies, Hilkka Heiskari-Tuohiniemi, and Mika Korkiakoski Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6159–6169, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6159-2026, 2026 We present a case study that aimed to develop an inexpensive yet precise fast-response carbon dioxide and water vapour sensor. A working prototype was developed and field-tested against a scientific eddy covariance setup. Attention was paid to internal auto-calibration procedure such that signal drifting was avoided and the instrument was capable of measuring fluxes with high correlation relative to the reference setup. Mon, 28 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6099-2026 Global variability in the detectability of power plant NO2 plumes from space Ruizhe Huang and Sherrie Wang Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6099–6124, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6099-2026, 2026 We analyzed satellite observations of over 6000 power plants worldwide to determine when their nitrogen dioxide plumes are visible from space. Using machine learning, we found that detectability depends not only on the amount emitted but also on wind, terrain elevation, surface brightness, and satellite viewing angle. Identical emissions can therefore be seen or missed depending on local conditions. Accounting for these factors can improve satellite-based estimates of air pollution. Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6125-2026 Employing smoothness of the time series of sky radiances measured in the solar aureole for cloud screening Alexander Sinyuk, Thomas F. Eck, Ilya Slutsker, Jasper Lewis, Petar Grigorov, Alexander Smirnov, Joel S. Schafer, Mikhail Sorokin, Elena Lind, and Pawan Gupta Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6125–6144, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6125-2026, 2026 The new technique for the clouds screening of aerosol optical depth is presented. It employs measurements of the sky radiances at smallest scattering angle to detect cirrus clouds which otherwise are difficult to detect by other methods. The method employs the smoothness of the time series of measurements throughout a day as a criterion for cloud-free conditions.  Sharp spikes in the time series are detected and associated with clouds. Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6145-2026 Feasibility of measuring volcanic gas composition using sky-scattered sunlight and FTIR spectroscopy Tobias D. Schmitt, Moritz Sindram, Benedikt A. Löw, Lukas Weis, Ralph Kleinschek, Nicole Bobrowski, and André Butz Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6145–6157, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6145-2026, 2026 Monitoring systems for volcanic gases use ultraviolet and visible light, since the sky is brightest there. We analyzed whether the concept extends to the near-infrared, where CO2 and halogen gases such as hydrogen chloride also absorb. We find this realistic for the halogen gases at strongly emitting volcanoes, but very difficult for CO2. We propose pairing it with the ultraviolet instruments already in use. This could improve our understanding of volcanic processes and eruption risks. Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6075-2026 Validation of EarthCARE CPR reflectivity using the ACTRIS cloud radar network Nathan Feuillard, Felipe Toledo Bittner, Lukas Pfitzenmaier, Jean-François Ribaud, Julien Delanoë, Martial Haeffelin, and Jean-Charles Dupont Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6075–6097, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6075-2026, 2026 The Earth Cloud, Aerosol, and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite was recently launched and its data needs to be validated. This work focus on the comparison of the data observed from the radar of EarthCARE and from the ground radars of the European Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure network. We find a very small difference between the data observed by the satellite and the data from the ground, confirming the high quality of the satellite’s radar calibration. Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6037-2026 Spectral versus co-spectral correction of eddy-covariance fluxes: a multi-site assessment across the ICOS network Ariane Faurès, Gerardo Fratini, Giacomo Nicolini, Dario Papale, Simone Sabbatini, and Bernard Heinesch Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6037–6074, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6037-2026, 2026 Accurate measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchanges are essential for understanding climate change. Using data from 38 European observation sites, we compared two commonly used correction methods and found that one provides more robust and consistent results, especially for water vapour. The study also revealed differences with current network processing procedures, highlighting opportunities to improve the reliability of long-term ecosystem observations. Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5989-2026 A new balloon-borne system for measuring the vertical variability of aerosol optical properties using low-cost sensors Michalina Broda, Olga Zawadzka-Mańko, Michał T. Chiliński, Katarzyna Nurowska, Szymon Kłapiński, Przemysław Makuch, and Krzysztof M. Markowicz Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 5989–6014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5989-2026, 2026 This study shows that balloon-borne instruments with low-cost particle sensors can reliably measure how airborne particles are distributed with height in the atmosphere. The sensors were tested during field measurements in southeastern Poland which identified particle layers transported over long distances including wildfire smoke and desert dust. The results indicate that this approach can improve aerosol observations and support better representation of aerosol processes in atmospheric models. Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6015-2026 Conditioning-controlled retrieval of broadband land surface temperature and emissivity from paired ground-based longwave irradiance measurements Collins Mito Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 6015–6035, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6015-2026, 2026 Retrieving land surface temperature from thermal radiation is difficult because temperature and emissivity are strongly coupled. We developed a conditioning-controlled method that separates these quantities using paired ground-based longwave measurements. Tests with SURFRAD (Surface Radiation Budget Network) and BSRN (Baseline Surface Radiation Network) observations and known-truth simulations demonstrate stable retrievals and quantify their uncertainty without requiring satellite information. Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5973-2026 Estimating near-surface specific humidity over convective oceanic regions from cloud base height observations Anna Lea Albright, Bjorn Stevens, and Martin Wirth Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 5973–5987, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-5973-2026, 2026 Ocean evaporation transfers heat and moisture to the atmosphere, shaping our weather and climate. Yet humidity just above the ocean is difficult to measure from space. Here we show that lasers measuring low cloud base height can infer near-surface humidity. Measurements from ships, aircraft, and weather balloons are used to validate the method. Applied to satellites, this method could help fill gaps in humidity measurements over the ocean. Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:21:46 +0200