Articles | Volume 11, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-781-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-781-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 Feb 2018
Research article |
| 08 Feb 2018
| 08 Feb 2018
Improved optical flow velocity analysis in SO2 camera images of volcanic plumes – implications for emission-rate retrievals investigated at Mt Etna, Italy and Guallatiri, Chile
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Department of Physics, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo (UiO), Kjeller, Norway
Invited contribution by Jonas Gliß, recipient of the EGU Outstanding Student Poster and PICO (OSPP) Awards 2017.
Kerstin Stebel
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Arve Kylling
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
Aasmund Sudbø
Department of Technology Systems, University of Oslo (UiO), Kjeller, Norway
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Linking Subsurface to Surface Using Gas Emission and Melt Inclusion Data at Mount Cleveland Volcano, Alaska C. Werner et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008882
- Geological evolution of the Guallatiri volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, northern Chile J. Sepúlveda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103117
- Real-time continuous calibration method for an ultraviolet camera K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.410635
- A new permanent, low-cost, low-power SO2 camera for continuous measurement of volcanic emissions T. Wilkes et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1088992
- Measuring SO2 Emission Rates at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, Using an Array of Upward-Looking UV Spectrometers, 2014–2017 T. Elias et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00214
- Trace element degassing of fumarolic emissions in the Chilean subduction zone: The case of Guallatiri and Callaqui volcanoes M. Inostroza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123793
- Heat transport process associated with the 2021 eruption of Aso volcano revealed by thermal and gas monitoring S. Narita et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-024-01984-y
- Origins and fluxes of gas emissions from the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes J. de Moor et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108382
- Gas Leak Real-Time Detection and Volume Flow Quantification Based on Infrared Imaging and Advanced Algorithms M. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3525764
- Quantification of ash sedimentation dynamics through depolarisation imaging with AshCam B. Esse et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34110-6
- Determining the three-dimensional structure of a volcanic plume using Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery A. Albadra et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106731
- SO2紫外相机标准泡定标法的误差校正 张. Zhang Huiliang et al. https://doi.org/10.3788/AOS230886
- Monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust emissions using Gaussian process regression frame interpolation optical flow algorithm Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.530547
- Monitoring and Dispersion of SO2 Emissions from Power Plants Using UV Camera and AERMOD: A Case Study of Baja California Sur, Mexico B. Schiavo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101128
- GIS-based volcanic hazards, vulnerability and risks assessment of the Guallatiri Volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile M. Reyes-Hardy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103262
- Quantifying BrO and SO2 distributions in volcanic plumes—Recent advances in imaging Fabry-Pérot interferometer correlation spectroscopy A. Nies et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1063922
- An Analysis of the Complex and Compact Outflow Cavity Carved by HOPS 361-A in NGC 2071 IR N. Karnath et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad67dd
- Remote sensing monitoring system for ship exhaust using infrared multispectral imaging W. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116964
- Quantitative determination of SO2 flux from industrial chimney through machine vision with plume model verification W. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2024.115255
- Measurement of three dimensional volcanic plume properties using multiple ground based infrared cameras K. Wood et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.06.002
- Ultraviolet and visible remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions C. Kern https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108423
- Spectral Calibration for SO2 Cameras with Light Dilution Effect Correction K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143652
- Two Independent Light Dilution Corrections for the SO2 Camera Retrieve Comparable Emission Rates at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua M. Varnam et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050935
- Fast Image Segmentation Toward Automation of 3D Ice Printing A. Garcia et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00064
- Applications of quantitative thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging (8–14 μm): measuring volcanic SO2 mass flux and determining plume transport velocity using a single sensor A. Gabrieli et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1305-x
- Volcano video data characterized and classified using computer vision and machine learning algorithms A. Witsil & J. Johnson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.01.016
- Evidence of boron-rich aqueous and crystalline phases associated with fumarolic emissions at Guallatiri volcano, northern Chile M. Inostroza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107270
- First Measurements of Gas Flux with a Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera on the Volcanoes of Northern Chile F. Aguilera et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132122
- Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet? A modelling study A. Kylling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3303-2020
- A Spectra Classification Methodology of Hyperspectral Infrared Images for Near Real-Time Estimation of the SO2 Emission Flux from Mount Etna with LARA Radiative Transfer Retrieval Model C. Segonne et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244107
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Linking Subsurface to Surface Using Gas Emission and Melt Inclusion Data at Mount Cleveland Volcano, Alaska C. Werner et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008882
- Geological evolution of the Guallatiri volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, northern Chile J. Sepúlveda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103117
- Real-time continuous calibration method for an ultraviolet camera K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.410635
- A new permanent, low-cost, low-power SO2 camera for continuous measurement of volcanic emissions T. Wilkes et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1088992
- Measuring SO2 Emission Rates at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, Using an Array of Upward-Looking UV Spectrometers, 2014–2017 T. Elias et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00214
- Trace element degassing of fumarolic emissions in the Chilean subduction zone: The case of Guallatiri and Callaqui volcanoes M. Inostroza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2026.123793
- Heat transport process associated with the 2021 eruption of Aso volcano revealed by thermal and gas monitoring S. Narita et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-024-01984-y
- Origins and fluxes of gas emissions from the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes J. de Moor et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108382
- Gas Leak Real-Time Detection and Volume Flow Quantification Based on Infrared Imaging and Advanced Algorithms M. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3525764
- Quantification of ash sedimentation dynamics through depolarisation imaging with AshCam B. Esse et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34110-6
- Determining the three-dimensional structure of a volcanic plume using Unoccupied Aerial System (UAS) imagery A. Albadra et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106731
- SO2紫外相机标准泡定标法的误差校正 张. Zhang Huiliang et al. https://doi.org/10.3788/AOS230886
- Monitoring of motor vehicle exhaust emissions using Gaussian process regression frame interpolation optical flow algorithm Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.530547
- Monitoring and Dispersion of SO2 Emissions from Power Plants Using UV Camera and AERMOD: A Case Study of Baja California Sur, Mexico B. Schiavo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101128
- GIS-based volcanic hazards, vulnerability and risks assessment of the Guallatiri Volcano, Arica y Parinacota Region, Chile M. Reyes-Hardy et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103262
- Quantifying BrO and SO2 distributions in volcanic plumes—Recent advances in imaging Fabry-Pérot interferometer correlation spectroscopy A. Nies et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1063922
- An Analysis of the Complex and Compact Outflow Cavity Carved by HOPS 361-A in NGC 2071 IR N. Karnath et al. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad67dd
- Remote sensing monitoring system for ship exhaust using infrared multispectral imaging W. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116964
- Quantitative determination of SO2 flux from industrial chimney through machine vision with plume model verification W. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2024.115255
- Measurement of three dimensional volcanic plume properties using multiple ground based infrared cameras K. Wood et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2019.06.002
- Ultraviolet and visible remote sensing of volcanic gas emissions C. Kern https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108423
- Spectral Calibration for SO2 Cameras with Light Dilution Effect Correction K. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143652
- Two Independent Light Dilution Corrections for the SO2 Camera Retrieve Comparable Emission Rates at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua M. Varnam et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13050935
- Fast Image Segmentation Toward Automation of 3D Ice Printing A. Garcia et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00064
- Applications of quantitative thermal infrared hyperspectral imaging (8–14 μm): measuring volcanic SO2 mass flux and determining plume transport velocity using a single sensor A. Gabrieli et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-019-1305-x
- Volcano video data characterized and classified using computer vision and machine learning algorithms A. Witsil & J. Johnson https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.01.016
- Evidence of boron-rich aqueous and crystalline phases associated with fumarolic emissions at Guallatiri volcano, northern Chile M. Inostroza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107270
- First Measurements of Gas Flux with a Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera on the Volcanoes of Northern Chile F. Aguilera et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12132122
- Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet? A modelling study A. Kylling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3303-2020
- A Spectra Classification Methodology of Hyperspectral Infrared Images for Near Real-Time Estimation of the SO2 Emission Flux from Mount Etna with LARA Radiative Transfer Retrieval Model C. Segonne et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12244107
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Latest update: 11 Nov 2026
Short summary
The paper focusses on gas-velocity retrievals in emission plumes using optical flow (OF) algorithms applied to remote sensing imagery. OF algorithms can measure the velocities on a pixel level between consecutive images. An issue of OF algorithms is that they often fail to detect motion in contrast-poor image areas. A correction based on histograms of an OF vector field is proposed. The new method is applied to two example volcanic data sets from Mt Etna, Italy and Guallatiri, Chile.
The paper focusses on gas-velocity retrievals in emission plumes using optical flow (OF)...
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