Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4677-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4677-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 03 Sep 2019
| 03 Sep 2019
Low-cost eddy covariance: a case study of evapotranspiration over agroforestry in Germany
Christian Markwitz
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Lukas Siebicke
Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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- Modification of the microclimate and water balance through the integration of trees into temperate cropping systems S. Jacobs et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109065
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- In‐Situ Quantification and Prediction of Water Yield From Southern US Pine Forests S. Acharya et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031020
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- Evapotranspiration in a subtropical wetland savanna using low‐cost lysimeter, eddy covariance and modelling approaches A. Saha et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2475
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Water requirements and energy balance components of a drip-irrigated hazelnut (Corylus avellana) orchard in a Mediterranean semi-arid climate D. de la Fuente-Sáiz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2026.128151
- Modification of the microclimate and water balance through the integration of trees into temperate cropping systems S. Jacobs et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109065
- Simulating urban surface energy balance of an academic campus and surroundings in Mumbai, India M. Gupta et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102044
- Advancing carbon monitoring technologies in forests and woody crops: a review for carbon farming M. Leoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adf23e
- Estimating Freshwater Inflows for an Ungauged Watershed at the Big Boggy National Wildlife Refuge, USA J. Madewell et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010015
- Outdoor mesoscale fabricated ecosystems: Rationale, design, and application to evapotranspiration L. Peruzzo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177565
- Evapotranspiration over agroforestry sites in Germany C. Markwitz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5183-2020
- A multiyear eddy covariance and meteorological dataset from five pairs of agroforestry systems with open cropland or grassland in Northern Germany J. Callejas-Rodelas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-845-2026
- An Ecosystem-Scale Flux Measurement Strategy to Assess Natural Climate Solutions K. Hemes et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c06421
- Ideas and perspectives: Enhancing research and monitoring of carbon pools and land-to-atmosphere greenhouse gases exchange in developing countries D. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1435-2022
- Comparison between lower-cost and conventional eddy covariance setups for CO2 and evapotranspiration measurements above monocropping and agroforestry systems J. Callejas-Rodelas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110086
- Uncertainty assessment of satellite remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration estimates: a systematic review of methods and gaps B. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4505-2023
- An economical tunable diode laser spectrometer for fast-response measurements of water vapor in the atmospheric boundary layer E. Wein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7097-2024
- Pollutants control the process networks of urban environmental-meteorology M. Gupta et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abce28
- Evaluation of the LI-710 evapotranspiration sensor in comparison to full eddy covariance for monitoring energy fluxes in perennial and annual crops S. Peddinti & I. Kisekka https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109501
- Does increased spatial replication above heterogeneous agroforestry improve the representativeness of eddy covariance measurements? J. Callejas-Rodelas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-4507-2025
- Study on the Water and Heat Fluxes of a Very Humid Forest Ecosystem and Their Relationship with Environmental Factors in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing K. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050832
- Comparison of ecosystem-scale carbon fluxes at agroforestry and adjacent monocropping sites in Germany J. van Ramshorst et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-025-01244-2
- Performance evaluation of MeteoTracker mobile sensor for outdoor applications F. Barbano et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3255-2024
- Energy availability and leaf area dominate control of ecosystem evapotranspiration in the southeastern U.S. M. Aguilos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.109960
- In‐Situ Quantification and Prediction of Water Yield From Southern US Pine Forests S. Acharya et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031020
- Lower-cost eddy covariance for CO2 and H2O fluxes over grassland and agroforestry J. van Ramshorst et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6047-2024
- Evapotranspiration in a subtropical wetland savanna using low‐cost lysimeter, eddy covariance and modelling approaches A. Saha et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2475
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Aug 2026
Short summary
Turbulent fluxes are usually measured by the eddy covariance method using a combination of a costly gas analyser and a sonic anemometer. In this paper we present an eddy covariance set-up of low cost to measure evapotranspiration over agricultural fields. The method is shown to be comparable to a conventional eddy covariance set-up and is a viable alternative when spatial replicates are required.
Turbulent fluxes are usually measured by the eddy covariance method using a combination of a...
