Articles | Volume 13, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Dec 2020
Research article |
| 03 Dec 2020
| 03 Dec 2020
Best practices for precipitation sample storage for offline studies of ice nucleation in marine and coastal environments
Charlotte M. Beall
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Dolan Lucero
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
Thomas C. Hill
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523, USA
Paul J. DeMott
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523, USA
M. Dale Stokes
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Bioaerosol Diversity and Ice Nucleating Particles in the North‐Western Himalayan Region S. Yadav et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036299
- A view on recent ice-nucleating particle intercomparison studies: why the uncertainty of the activation temperature matters J. Schrod & H. Bingemer https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2591-2025
- Significant continental source of ice-nucleating particles at the tip of Chile's southernmost Patagonia region X. Gong et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10505-2022
- Microfluidic platform for coupled studies of freezing behavior and final effloresced particle morphology in Snomax ® containing aqueous droplets M. House & C. Dutcher https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2233574
- Best practices for precipitation sample storage for offline studies of ice nucleation in marine and coastal environments C. Beall et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6473-2020
- Inter-annual variability of ice nucleating particles in Mexico city D. Cabrera-Segoviano et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118964
- Measurement report: Ice nucleating abilities of biomass burning, African dust, and sea spray aerosol particles over the Yucatán Peninsula F. Córdoba et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4453-2021
- The Puy de Dôme ICe Nucleation Intercomparison Campaign (PICNIC): comparison between online and offline methods in ambient air L. Lacher et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2651-2024
- Long-term measurements of ice nucleating particles at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites worldwide J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6943-2025
- Ice-nucleating particles in precipitation samples from the Texas Panhandle H. Vepuri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4503-2021
- Spatially distributed measurements of aerosols and stable isotopes in water vapour and precipitation in coastal Northern Norway during the ISLAS2021 campaign A. Dekhtyareva et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-2573-2026
- Evaluation of different sampling methods to determine the ice-nucleating particle concentration in the atmosphere using the GRAnada Ice Nuclei Spectrometer (GRAINS) E. Bazo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2695-2026
- Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles in the eastern Mediterranean and the contribution of mineral and biological aerosol M. Tarn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-161-2024
- Laboratory and field studies of ice-nucleating particles from open-lot livestock facilities in Texas N. Hiranuma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14215-2021
- Highly Active Ice‐Nucleating Particles at the Summer North Pole G. Porter et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036059
- Physicochemical characterization and source apportionment of Arctic ice-nucleating particles observed in Ny-Ålesund in autumn 2019 G. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10489-2023
- Ice-nucleating particles near two major dust source regions C. Beall et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12607-2022
- Next-generation ice-nucleating particle sampling on board aircraft: characterization of the High-volume flow aERosol particle filter sAmpler (HERA) S. Grawe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4551-2023
- Towards parameterising atmospheric concentrations of ice-nucleating particles active at moderate supercooling C. Mignani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-657-2021
- Ice-nucleating particle concentration measurements from Ny-Ålesund during the Arctic spring–summer in 2018 M. Rinaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14725-2021
- High ice-nucleating particle concentrations associated with Arctic haze in springtime cold-air outbreaks E. Raif et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14045-2024
- Ice-nucleating particles in Greenlandic glacial outwash plains N. Bergner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10557-2026
- Reaching new heights: Profiling Upper altitudes For Ice Nucleation (PUFIN) on the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) tethered balloon systems J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4601-2026
- Field intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements: the Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation Phase 3 (FIN-03) P. DeMott et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-639-2025
- Examples of large efficient ice nucleating particles in clouds above Switzerland F. Conen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109060
- Summertime ice-nucleating particle concentrations over the Eurasian-Arctic Seas G. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10835-2026
- Continuous online monitoring of ice-nucleating particles: development of the automated Horizontal Ice Nucleation Chamber (HINC-Auto) C. Brunner & Z. Kanji https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-269-2021
- Measurement report: A comparison of ground-level ice-nucleating-particle abundance and aerosol properties during autumn at contrasting marine and terrestrial locations E. Wilbourn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-5433-2024
- The role of surface-active macromolecules in the ice-nucleating ability of lignin, Snomax, and agricultural soil extracts K. Alden et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6179-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 20 Aug 2026
Short summary
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties. Previous studies report INP observations from precipitation samples that were stored prior to analysis, yet storage protocols vary widely, and little is known about how storage impacts INPs. This study finds that storing samples at −20 °C best preserves INP concentrations and that significant losses of small INPs occur across all storage protocols.
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) can influence multiple climate-relevant cloud properties....
