Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1225-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1225-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 16 Feb 2021
| 16 Feb 2021
Facility for production of ambient-like model aerosols (PALMA) in the laboratory: application in the intercomparison of automated PM monitors with the reference gravimetric method
Stefan Horender
Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, 3003, Switzerland
Kevin Auderset
Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, 3003, Switzerland
Paul Quincey
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, London, UK
Stefan Seeger
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
Søren Nielsen Skov
Bioengineering and Environmental Technology, Danish Technological Institute (DTI), Aarhus, Denmark
Kai Dirscherl
Danish National Metrology Institute (DFM), Kogle Alle 5, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
Thomas O. M. Smith
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, London, UK
Katie Williams
National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, London, UK
Camille C. Aegerter
Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, 3003, Switzerland
Daniel M. Kalbermatter
Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, 3003, Switzerland
François Gaie-Levrel
Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais (LNE), Paris, France
Konstantina Vasilatou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Bern-Wabern, 3003, Switzerland
Related authors
No articles found.
Tobias Hammer, Diana Roos, Barouch Giechaskiel, Anastasios Melas, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Aerosol Research, 2, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
More than 35 000 particle counters designed for the periodic technical inspection of diesel engine exhaust have been placed on the European market in the past few years. This work shows that the counting efficiency of these instruments depends on the properties of the test aerosols, even if all of them are combustion-based soot of similar mobility diameter. The aim of this study is to promote harmonisation of measurement procedures in the field of emission control.
Baseerat Romshoo, Mira Pöhlker, Alfred Wiedensohler, Sascha Pfeifer, Jorge Saturno, Andreas Nowak, Krzysztof Ciupek, Paul Quincey, Konstantina Vasilatou, Michaela N. Ess, Maria Gini, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Chris Robins, François Gaie-Levrel, and Thomas Müller
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6965–6989, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6965-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6965-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is often assumed to be spherically shaped, causing uncertainties in its optical properties when modelled. This study investigates different modelling techniques for the optical properties of BC by comparing them to laboratory measurements. We provide experimental support for emphasizing the use of appropriate size representation (polydisperse size method) and morphological representation (aggregate morphology) for optical modelling and parameterization scheme development of BC.
Luka Drinovec, Uroš Jagodič, Luka Pirker, Miha Škarabot, Mario Kurtjak, Kristijan Vidović, Luca Ferrero, Bradley Visser, Jannis Röhrbein, Ernest Weingartner, Daniel M. Kalbermatter, Konstantina Vasilatou, Tobias Bühlmann, Celine Pascale, Thomas Müller, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Griša Močnik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3805–3825, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new photothermal interferometer (PTAAM-2λ) for artefact-free determination of the aerosol absorption coefficient at two wavelengths is presented. The instrument is calibrated with NO2 and polydisperse nigrosin, resulting in very low uncertainties of the absorption coefficients: 4 % at 532 nm and 6 % at 1064 nm. The instrument’s performance makes the PTAAM-2λ a strong candidate for reference measurements of the aerosol absorption coefficient.
Daniel M. Kalbermatter, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Bradley Visser, Jannis Röhrbein, Matthias Oscity, Ernest Weingartner, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles with varying amounts of secondary organic matter coating were generated and used to compare a series of aerosol-absorption-measuring instruments: filter-based and photoacoustic instruments as well as photo-thermal interferometers. Significant deviations in the response of the instruments were observed depending on the amount of secondary organic coating. The system can be used for the inter-comparison and characterisation of instruments.
Gian Lieberherr, Kevin Auderset, Bertrand Calpini, Bernard Clot, Benoît Crouzy, Martin Gysel-Beer, Thomas Konzelmann, José Manzano, Andrea Mihajlovic, Alireza Moallemi, David O'Connor, Branko Sikoparija, Eric Sauvageat, Fiona Tummon, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7693–7706, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7693-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7693-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Today there is no standard procedure to validate bioaerosol and pollen monitors. Three instruments were tested, focusing on detecting particles of different sizes. Only one instrument was able to detect the smallest particles (0.5 µm Ø), whereas the others performed best at the largest tested particles (10 µm Ø). These results are the first step towards a standardised validation procedure. The need for a reference counting method for larger particles (pollen grains: 10–200 µm Ø) was emphasised.
Baseerat Romshoo, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, Jorge Saturno, Andreas Nowak, Krzysztof Ciupek, Paul Quincey, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12989–13010, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12989-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12989-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Modifications in the optical properties of black carbon (BC) due to ageing are presented and quantified in this study using a state-of-the-art description scheme of BC fractal aggregates. It is shown that the relative change in BC radiative forcing can be larger than 50 % as a function of changing fractal dimension and organic content. A comprehensive parameterization scheme for coated BC optical properties is developed with applications for modelling, ambient, and laboratory-based BC studies.
Eric Sauvageat, Yanick Zeder, Kevin Auderset, Bertrand Calpini, Bernard Clot, Benoît Crouzy, Thomas Konzelmann, Gian Lieberherr, Fiona Tummon, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 1539–1550, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1539-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1539-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present the first validation of the only operational automatic pollen monitoring system based on holography, the Swisens Poleno. The device produces real-time images of coarse aerosols, and by applying a machine learning algorithm we identify a range of pollen taxa with accuracy >90 %. The device was further validated in controlled chamber experiments to verify the counting ability and the performance of additional fluorescence measurements, which can further be used in pollen identification.
P. Panteliadis, T. Hafkenscheid, B. Cary, E. Diapouli, A. Fischer, O. Favez, P. Quincey, M. Viana, R. Hitzenberger, R. Vecchi, D. Saraga, J. Sciare, J. L. Jaffrezo, A. John, J. Schwarz, M. Giannoni, J. Novak, A. Karanasiou, P. Fermo, and W. Maenhaut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-779-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-779-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Technique: Laboratory Measurement | Topic: Validation and Intercomparisons
Quantifying the uncertainties in thermal–optical analysis of carbonaceous aircraft engine emissions: an interlaboratory study
Pressure-dependent performance of two CEN-specified condensation particle counters
Characterisation of a self-sustained, water-based condensation particle counter for aircraft cruising pressure level operation
Importance of size representation and morphology in modelling optical properties of black carbon: comparison between laboratory measurements and model simulations
Characterization of tandem aerosol classifiers for selecting particles: implication for eliminating the multiple charging effect
Impact of particle size, refractive index, and shape on the determination of the particle scattering coefficient – an optical closure study evaluating different nephelometer angular truncation and illumination corrections
Quantification of major particulate matter species from a single filter type using infrared spectroscopy – application to a large-scale monitoring network
Comparing black-carbon- and aerosol-absorption-measuring instruments – a new system using lab-generated soot coated with controlled amounts of secondary organic matter
Assessment of real-time bioaerosol particle counters using reference chamber experiments
Constraining the response factors of an extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer for near-molecular aerosol speciation
Application of the ECT9 protocol for radiocarbon-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols
Intercomparison and characterization of 23 Aethalometers under laboratory and ambient air conditions: procedures and unit-to-unit variabilities
Determination of Aethalometer multiple-scattering enhancement parameters and impact on source apportionment during the winter 2017/18 EMEP/ACTRIS/COLOSSAL campaign in Milan
Laboratory validation of a compact single-scattering albedo (SSA) monitor
An interlaboratory comparison of aerosol inorganic ion measurements by ion chromatography: implications for aerosol pH estimate
Multifactor colorimetric analysis on pH-indicator papers: an optimized approach for direct determination of ambient aerosol pH
Highly oxygenated organic molecule cluster decomposition in atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometers
Mass spectral characterization of primary emissions and implications in source apportionment of organic aerosol
Nitrate radical generation via continuous generation of dinitrogen pentoxide in a laminar flow reactor coupled to an oxidation flow reactor
Development of an antioxidant assay to study oxidative potential of airborne particulate matter
Determination of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and hopanes in atmospheric aerosol: evaluation and comparison of thermal desorption GC-MS and solvent extraction GC-MS approaches
Inter-comparison of elemental and organic carbon mass measurements from three North American national long-term monitoring networks at a co-located site
B3010: a boosted TSI 3010 condensation particle counter for airborne studies
Effect of dry or wet substrate deposition on the organic volume fraction of core–shell aerosol particles
Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS): an instrument for spectrally resolved fluorescence detection of single particles in real time
HOx and NOx production in oxidation flow reactors via photolysis of isopropyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite-d7, and 1,3-propyl dinitrite at λ = 254, 350, and 369 nm
Can ozone be used to calibrate aerosol photoacoustic spectrometers?
The Fifth International Workshop on Ice Nucleation phase 2 (FIN-02): laboratory intercomparison of ice nucleation measurements
Viscosity of erythritol and erythritol–water particles as a function of water activity: new results and an intercomparison of techniques for measuring the viscosity of particles
Characterization of steady-state fluorescence properties of polystyrene latex spheres using off- and online spectroscopic methods
Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosol: synthesis and quantitative analysis of PM2.5 from Xi'an, northwestern China
Characterization of a catalyst-based conversion technique to measure total particulate nitrogen and organic carbon and comparison to a particle mass measurement instrument
On the accuracy of aerosol photoacoustic spectrometer calibrations using absorption by ozone
A reference data set for validating vapor pressure measurement techniques: homologous series of polyethylene glycols
Evaluation of the new capture vapourizer for aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) through laboratory studies of inorganic species
Controlled nitric oxide production via O(1D) + N2O reactions for use in oxidation flow reactor studies
Characterization of three new condensation particle counters for sub-3 nm particle detection during the Helsinki CPC workshop: the ADI versatile water CPC, TSI 3777 nano enhancer and boosted TSI 3010
A novel single-cavity three-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer for atmospheric aerosol research
Inter-comparison of NIOSH and IMPROVE protocols for OC and EC determination: implications for inter-protocol data conversion
Operation of the Airmodus A11 nano Condensation Nucleus Counter at various inlet pressures and various operation temperatures, and design of a new inlet system
Accuracy and precision of 14C-based source apportionment of organic and elemental carbon in aerosols using the Swiss_4S protocol
The charging of neutral dimethylamine and dimethylamine–sulfuric acid clusters using protonated acetone
Validation of the poke-flow technique combined with simulations of fluid flow for determining viscosities in samples with small volumes and high viscosities
Determination of atmospheric organosulfates using HILIC chromatography with MS detection
Characterisation and optimisation of a sample preparation method for the detection and quantification of atmospherically relevant carbonyl compounds in aqueous medium
Inter-comparison of laboratory smog chamber and flow reactor systems on organic aerosol yield and composition
ECOC comparison exercise with identical thermal protocols after temperature offset correction – instrument diagnostics by in-depth evaluation of operational parameters
An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantification of levoglucosan in ambient aerosol filter samples
Refractory black carbon mass concentrations in snow and ice: method evaluation and inter-comparison with elemental carbon measurement
The influence of temperature calibration on the OC–EC results from a dual-optics thermal carbon analyzer
Timothy A. Sipkens, Joel C. Corbin, Brett Smith, Stéphanie Gagné, Prem Lobo, Benjamin T. Brem, Mark P. Johnson, and Gregory J. Smallwood
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4291–4302, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4291-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4291-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Carbonaceous particles, such as soot, contribute to climate forcing, air pollution, and human health impacts. Thermal–optical analysis is a calibration standard used to measure these particles, but significant differences have been observed in the measurements across identical instruments. We report on the reproducibility of these measurements for aircraft emissions, which range from 8.0 % of the nominal value for organic carbon to 17 % for elemental carbon.
Paulus S. Bauer, Dorian Spät, Martina Eisenhut, Andreas Gattringer, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 4445–4460, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4445-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4445-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Particle number concentration is one of the most important parameters to quantify an aerosol. Aerosol number concentration in the nanometer range is commonly measured with condensation particle counters (CPCs). A CEN technical specification harmonizes the CPC specifications. However, it is not specified for low-pressure conditions as on high mountains or on airplanes. Here, we present the pressure-dependent performance of two different models of CEN CPCs, the Grimm 5410 CEN and the TSI 3772 CEN.
Patrick Weber, Oliver F. Bischof, Benedikt Fischer, Marcel Berg, Susanne Hering, Steven Spielman, Gregory Lewis, Andreas Petzold, and Ulrich Bundke
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3505–3514, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3505-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3505-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study tests the new water condensation particle counter (MAGIC 210-LP) for deployment on passenger aircraft coordinated by the European research infrastructure IAGOS. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments for flight altitude conditions. We demonstrate that this water condensation particle counter model shows excellent agreement with a butanol-based instrument used in parallel and a Faraday cup electrometer as reference instrument at all tested pressure conditions.
Baseerat Romshoo, Mira Pöhlker, Alfred Wiedensohler, Sascha Pfeifer, Jorge Saturno, Andreas Nowak, Krzysztof Ciupek, Paul Quincey, Konstantina Vasilatou, Michaela N. Ess, Maria Gini, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Chris Robins, François Gaie-Levrel, and Thomas Müller
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6965–6989, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6965-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6965-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) is often assumed to be spherically shaped, causing uncertainties in its optical properties when modelled. This study investigates different modelling techniques for the optical properties of BC by comparing them to laboratory measurements. We provide experimental support for emphasizing the use of appropriate size representation (polydisperse size method) and morphological representation (aggregate morphology) for optical modelling and parameterization scheme development of BC.
Yao Song, Xiangyu Pei, Huichao Liu, Jiajia Zhou, and Zhibin Wang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3513–3526, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Accurate particle classification is very important in aerosol studies. Differential mobility analyzers (DMAs), centrifugal particle mass analyzers (CPMAs), aerodynamic aerosol classifiers (AACs) and their tandem systems are commonly used. We demonstrated that DMA–CPMA is more susceptible to the multiple charging effect than DMA–AAC. It is not suggested to reduce the resolutions of the instruments, especially when selecting small-size soot particles.
Marilena Teri, Thomas Müller, Josef Gasteiger, Sara Valentini, Helmuth Horvath, Roberta Vecchi, Paulus Bauer, Adrian Walser, and Bernadett Weinzierl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3161–3187, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3161-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3161-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We performed an extensive closure study including laboratory and simulated experiments to evaluate various angular corrections for the Aurora 4000 polar nephelometer, focusing on irregularly shaped aerosols such as mineral dust. We describe the impact of particle size, refractive index, and shape on the determination of the particle scattering coefficient and propose a guideline to establish the most appropriate angular correction depending on the aerosol type and the investigated size range.
Bruno Debus, Andrew T. Weakley, Satoshi Takahama, Kathryn M. George, Anahita Amiri-Farahani, Bret Schichtel, Scott Copeland, Anthony S. Wexler, and Ann M. Dillner
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2685–2702, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2685-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2685-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In the US, routine particulate matter composition is measured on samples collected on three types of filter media and analyzed using several techniques. We propose an alternate approach that uses one analytical technique, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and one filter type to measure the chemical composition of particulate matter in a major US monitoring network. This method could be used to add low-cost sites to the network, fill-in missing data, or for quality control.
Daniel M. Kalbermatter, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Bradley Visser, Jannis Röhrbein, Matthias Oscity, Ernest Weingartner, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-561-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-561-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soot particles with varying amounts of secondary organic matter coating were generated and used to compare a series of aerosol-absorption-measuring instruments: filter-based and photoacoustic instruments as well as photo-thermal interferometers. Significant deviations in the response of the instruments were observed depending on the amount of secondary organic coating. The system can be used for the inter-comparison and characterisation of instruments.
Gian Lieberherr, Kevin Auderset, Bertrand Calpini, Bernard Clot, Benoît Crouzy, Martin Gysel-Beer, Thomas Konzelmann, José Manzano, Andrea Mihajlovic, Alireza Moallemi, David O'Connor, Branko Sikoparija, Eric Sauvageat, Fiona Tummon, and Konstantina Vasilatou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7693–7706, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7693-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7693-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Today there is no standard procedure to validate bioaerosol and pollen monitors. Three instruments were tested, focusing on detecting particles of different sizes. Only one instrument was able to detect the smallest particles (0.5 µm Ø), whereas the others performed best at the largest tested particles (10 µm Ø). These results are the first step towards a standardised validation procedure. The need for a reference counting method for larger particles (pollen grains: 10–200 µm Ø) was emphasised.
Dongyu S. Wang, Chuan Ping Lee, Jordan E. Krechmer, Francesca Majluf, Yandong Tong, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Julia Schmale, André S. H. Prévôt, Urs Baltensperger, Josef Dommen, Imad El Haddad, Jay G. Slowik, and David M. Bell
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 6955–6972, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6955-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6955-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the sources and fate of particulate matter in the atmosphere, the ability to quantitatively describe its chemical composition is essential. In this work, we developed a calibration method for a state-of-the-art measurement technique without the need for chemical standards. Statistical analyses identified the driving factors behind instrument sensitivity variability towards individual components of particulate matter.
Lin Huang, Wendy Zhang, Guaciara M. Santos, Blanca T. Rodríguez, Sandra R. Holden, Vincent Vetro, and Claudia I. Czimczik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3481–3500, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3481-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3481-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Radiocarbon (14C)-based source apportionment of aerosol carbon fractions requires the physical separation of OC from EC and minimizing of the incorporation of extraneous carbon. Using pure and mixed reference materials ranging in age from modern to fossil, we show that the ECT9 protocol effectively isolates OC and EC. This work expands existing opportunities for characterizing and monitoring sources of carbonaceous aerosols, including µg C-sized samples from the Arctic.
Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera, Griša Močnik, Luka Drinovec, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, María Cruz Minguillón, Björn Briel, Paul Buckley, Vadimas Dudoitis, Javier Fernández-García, María Fernández-Amado, Joel Ferreira De Brito, Veronique Riffault, Harald Flentje, Eimear Heffernan, Nikolaos Kalivitis, Athina-Cerise Kalogridis, Hannes Keernik, Luminita Marmureanu, Krista Luoma, Angela Marinoni, Michael Pikridas, Gerhard Schauer, Norbert Serfozo, Henri Servomaa, Gloria Titos, Jesús Yus-Díez, Natalia Zioła, and Alfred Wiedensohler
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3195–3216, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3195-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3195-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Measurements of black carbon must be conducted with instruments operating in quality-checked and assured conditions to generate reliable and comparable data. Here, 23 Aethalometers monitoring black carbon mass concentrations in European networks were characterized and intercompared. The influence of different aerosol sources, maintenance activities, and the filter material on the instrumental variabilities were investigated. Good agreement and in general low deviations were seen.
Vera Bernardoni, Luca Ferrero, Ezio Bolzacchini, Alice Corina Forello, Asta Gregorič, Dario Massabò, Griša Močnik, Paolo Prati, Martin Rigler, Luca Santagostini, Francesca Soldan, Sara Valentini, Gianluigi Valli, and Roberta Vecchi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 2919–2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2919-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2919-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An instrument-dependent wavelength-independent parameter (C) is often used to face multiple-scattering issues affecting aerosol light absorption measurements by Aethalometers. Instead, we determined multi-wavelength C by comparison with absorption measurements of samples collected in parallel performed by an instrument developed in-house. Considering C wavelength dependence, harmonized results were obtained applying source and component apportionment models to data from different Aethalometers.
Julia Perim de Faria, Ulrich Bundke, Andrew Freedman, Timothy B. Onasch, and Andreas Petzold
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 1635–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1635-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1635-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
An evaluation of the performance and accuracy of a Cavity Attenuated Phase-Shift Single Scattering Albedo Monitor (CAPS PMSSA; Aerodyne Research, Inc.) was conducted in an optical-closure study with proven technologies for aerosol particle optical-property measurements. This study demonstrates that the CAPS PMSSA is a robust and reliable instrument for the direct measurement of the particle scattering and extinction coefficients and thus single-scattering albedo.
Jingsha Xu, Shaojie Song, Roy M. Harrison, Congbo Song, Lianfang Wei, Qiang Zhang, Yele Sun, Lu Lei, Chao Zhang, Xiaohong Yao, Dihui Chen, Weijun Li, Miaomiao Wu, Hezhong Tian, Lining Luo, Shengrui Tong, Weiran Li, Junling Wang, Guoliang Shi, Yanqi Huangfu, Yingze Tian, Baozhu Ge, Shaoli Su, Chao Peng, Yang Chen, Fumo Yang, Aleksandra Mihajlidi-Zelić, Dragana Đorđević, Stefan J. Swift, Imogen Andrews, Jacqueline F. Hamilton, Ye Sun, Agung Kramawijaya, Jinxiu Han, Supattarachai Saksakulkrai, Clarissa Baldo, Siqi Hou, Feixue Zheng, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Chao Yan, Yongchun Liu, Markku Kulmala, Pingqing Fu, and Zongbo Shi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6325–6341, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6325-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An interlaboratory comparison was conducted for the first time to examine differences in water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) measured by 10 labs using ion chromatography (IC) and by two online aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) methods. Major ions including SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ agreed well in 10 IC labs and correlated well with ACSM data. WSII interlab variability strongly affected aerosol acidity results based on ion balance, but aerosol pH computed by ISORROPIA II was very similar.
Guo Li, Hang Su, Nan Ma, Guangjie Zheng, Uwe Kuhn, Meng Li, Thomas Klimach, Ulrich Pöschl, and Yafang Cheng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 6053–6065, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6053-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6053-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol acidity plays an important role in regulating the chemistry, health, and ecological effect of aerosol particles. However, a direct measurement of aerosol pH is very challenging because of its fast transition and equilibrium with adjacent environments. Therefore, most early studies have to use modeled pH, resulting in intensive debates about model uncertainties. Here we developed an optimized approach to measure aerosol pH by using pH-indicator papers combined with RGB-based colorimetry.
Tommaso Zanca, Jakub Kubečka, Evgeni Zapadinsky, Monica Passananti, Theo Kurtén, and Hanna Vehkamäki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3581–3593, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3581-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3581-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we quantify (using a statistical model) the probability of decomposition of a representative class of HOM clusters in an APi-TOF mass spectrometer. This is important because it quantifies the systematic error of measurements in a APi-TOF MS due to cluster decomposition. The results (specific for our selected clusters) show that decomposition is negligible, provided their bonding energy is large enough to allow formation in the atmosphere in the first place.
Weiqi Xu, Yao He, Yanmei Qiu, Chun Chen, Conghui Xie, Lu Lei, Zhijie Li, Jiaxing Sun, Junyao Li, Pingqing Fu, Zifa Wang, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 3205–3219, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3205-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3205-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized mass spectral features of organic aerosol (OA) and water-soluble OA (WSOA) from 21 cooking, crop straw, wood, and coal burning experiments using aerosol mass spectrometers with standard and capture vaporizers, and we demonstrated the applications of source spectral profiles in improving source apportionment of ambient OA at a highly polluted rural site in the North China Plain in winter.
Andrew T. Lambe, Ezra C. Wood, Jordan E. Krechmer, Francesca Majluf, Leah R. Williams, Philip L. Croteau, Manuela Cirtog, Anaïs Féron, Jean-Eudes Petit, Alexandre Albinet, Jose L. Jimenez, and Zhe Peng
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2397–2411, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2397-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2397-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new method to continuously generate N2O5 in the gas phase that is injected into a reactor where it decomposes to generate nitrate radicals (NO3). To assess the applicability of the method towards different chemical systems, we present experimental and model characterization of the integrated NO3 exposure and other metrics as a function of operating conditions. We demonstrate the method by characterizing secondary organic aerosol particles generated from the β-pinene + NO3 reaction.
Pourya Shahpoury, Tom Harner, Gerhard Lammel, Steven Lelieveld, Haijie Tong, and Jake Wilson
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 6529–6539, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6529-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-6529-2019, 2019
Meng Wang, Ru-Jin Huang, Junji Cao, Wenting Dai, Jiamao Zhou, Chunshui Lin, Haiyan Ni, Jing Duan, Ting Wang, Yang Chen, Yongjie Li, Qi Chen, Imad El Haddad, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4779–4789, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4779-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4779-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The analytical performances of SE-GC-MS and TD-GC-MS for the determination of n-alkanes, PAHs and hopanes were evaluated and compared. The two methods show a good agreement with a high correlation efficient (R2 > 0.98) and a slope close to unity. The concentrations of n-alkanes, PAHs and hopanes are found to be much higher in Beijing than those in Chengdu, Shanghai and Guangzhou, most likely due to emissions from coal combustion for wintertime heating in Beijing.
Tak W. Chan, Lin Huang, Kulbir Banwait, Wendy Zhang, Darrell Ernst, Xiaoliang Wang, John G. Watson, Judith C. Chow, Mark Green, Claudia I. Czimczik, Guaciara M. Santos, Sangeeta Sharma, and Keith Jones
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 4543–4560, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4543-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4543-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study compared 10 years of carbonaceous aerosol measurements collected at Egbert by three North American long-term monitoring networks. The study evaluated how differences in sample collection and analysis affected the concentrations of total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC). Various carbonaceous fractions measured by the three networks were consistent and comparable over the period. Elevated OC and EC were observed when ambient temperature exceeded 10 °C.
David Picard, Michel Attoui, and Karine Sellegri
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2531–2543, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2531-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2531-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We report here how we managed to improve the performance of an aerosol particle counter model TSI3010. Our device is based on a secondhand unit and reuses its core elements (saturator, condenser, optics). We redesigned the electronics and thermal management. Laboratory experiments show that the cutoff diameter was decreased from 10 to 2.5 nm, bringing the B3010 close to more complex and expensive products. These results may help designers and users improve the performance of their devices.
Hansol D. Lee, Chathuri P. Kaluarachchi, Elias S. Hasenecz, Jonic Z. Zhu, Eduard Popa, Elizabeth A. Stone, and Alexei V. Tivanski
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 2033–2042, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2033-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2033-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dry and wet aerosol deposition modes are commonly used to collect particles on a solid substrate for experiments. We demonstrate, using single-particle microscopy and bulk methods, how the substrate-deposited particles with two components can yield the same core–shell morphology but different shell thicknesses depending on the deposition method. Thus we strongly advise future works to use wet deposition when possible to obtain accurate assessment of the single-particle organic volume fraction.
Tobias Könemann, Nicole Savage, Thomas Klimach, David Walter, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Hang Su, Ulrich Pöschl, J. Alex Huffman, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1337–1363, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1337-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1337-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the SIBS, an instrument for spectrally resolved fluorescence detection of single particles. Exemplary ambient data and fluorescence spectra obtained for 16 reference compounds (biofluorophores and PSLs) show that the SIBS has the ability to expand the scope of fluorescent bioaerosol quantification and classification. Detailed technical insights will be broadly beneficial for users of various WIBS generations and other LIF instruments.
Andrew T. Lambe, Jordan E. Krechmer, Zhe Peng, Jason R. Casar, Anthony J. Carrasquillo, Jonathan D. Raff, Jose L. Jimenez, and Douglas R. Worsnop
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 299–311, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-299-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-299-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper is an evaluation of methods used to generate OH radicals under conditions with high concentrations of NO and NO2 to simulate oxidation chemistry in polluted urban atmospheres over equivalent atmospheric timescales of ~ 1 day.
D. Al Fischer and Geoffrey D. Smith
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6419–6427, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6419-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6419-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for measuring light absorption by aerosols, but it requires careful calibration to be accurate. Here, we explore the use of one popular calibrant, ozone, and demonstrate that its response is dependent on the identity of the bath gas used.
Paul J. DeMott, Ottmar Möhler, Daniel J. Cziczo, Naruki Hiranuma, Markus D. Petters, Sarah S. Petters, Franco Belosi, Heinz G. Bingemer, Sarah D. Brooks, Carsten Budke, Monika Burkert-Kohn, Kristen N. Collier, Anja Danielczok, Oliver Eppers, Laura Felgitsch, Sarvesh Garimella, Hinrich Grothe, Paul Herenz, Thomas C. J. Hill, Kristina Höhler, Zamin A. Kanji, Alexei Kiselev, Thomas Koop, Thomas B. Kristensen, Konstantin Krüger, Gourihar Kulkarni, Ezra J. T. Levin, Benjamin J. Murray, Alessia Nicosia, Daniel O'Sullivan, Andreas Peckhaus, Michael J. Polen, Hannah C. Price, Naama Reicher, Daniel A. Rothenberg, Yinon Rudich, Gianni Santachiara, Thea Schiebel, Jann Schrod, Teresa M. Seifried, Frank Stratmann, Ryan C. Sullivan, Kaitlyn J. Suski, Miklós Szakáll, Hans P. Taylor, Romy Ullrich, Jesus Vergara-Temprado, Robert Wagner, Thomas F. Whale, Daniel Weber, André Welti, Theodore W. Wilson, Martin J. Wolf, and Jake Zenker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6231–6257, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6231-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The ability to measure ice nucleating particles is vital to quantifying their role in affecting clouds and precipitation. Methods for measuring droplet freezing were compared while co-sampling relevant particle types. Measurement correspondence was very good for ice nucleating particles of bacterial and natural soil origin, and somewhat more disparate for those of mineral origin. Results reflect recently improved capabilities and provide direction toward addressing remaining measurement issues.
Yangxi Chu, Erin Evoy, Saeid Kamal, Young Chul Song, Jonathan P. Reid, Chak K. Chan, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4809–4822, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4809-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4809-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The viscosity of erythritol, a tetrol found in aerosol particles, is highly uncertain. To help resolve this uncertainty, we measured the viscosities of
erythritol–water particles using rectangular-area fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and aerosol optical tweezers techniques. These results
should help improve the understanding of the viscosity of secondary organic aerosol particles. In addition, we present an intercomparison of techniques
for measuring the viscosity of particles.
Tobias Könemann, Nicole J. Savage, J. Alex Huffman, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3987–4003, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3987-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3987-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents an overview of fluorescence properties of polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs), which are widely used in numerous scientific disciplines. By using different spectroscopic techniques, we show that the
fluorescence landscapeof PSLs is more complex than the information provided by manufacturers may imply. By understanding general fluorescence properties of PSLs, individual researchers may probe specific spectral features important to the operation of their own instruments.
Ru-Jin Huang, Junji Cao, Yang Chen, Lu Yang, Jincan Shen, Qihua You, Kai Wang, Chunshui Lin, Wei Xu, Bo Gao, Yongjie Li, Qi Chen, Thorsten Hoffmann, Colin D. O'Dowd, Merete Bilde, and Marianne Glasius
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3447–3456, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3447-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3447-2018, 2018
Chelsea E. Stockwell, Agnieszka Kupc, Bartłomiej Witkowski, Ranajit K. Talukdar, Yong Liu, Vanessa Selimovic, Kyle J. Zarzana, Kanako Sekimoto, Carsten Warneke, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Robert J. Yokelson, Ann M. Middlebrook, and James M. Roberts
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2749–2768, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2749-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This work investigates the total conversion of particle-bound nitrogen and organic carbon across platinum and molybdenum catalysts followed by NO–O3 chemiluminescence and nondispersive infrared CO2 detection. We show the instrument is an accurate particle mass measurement method and demonstrate its ability to calibrate particle mass measurement instrumentation through comparisons with a calibrated particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to an electrospray ionization source of a mass spectrometer.
Nicholas W. Davies, Michael I. Cotterell, Cathryn Fox, Kate Szpek, Jim M. Haywood, and Justin M. Langridge
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 2313–2324, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2313-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2313-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The poorly characterised optical properties of atmospheric aerosols are one of the major uncertainties when modelling future climate change. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an accurate and sensitive method for measurement of aerosol light absorption. Photoacoustic spectrometers require calibration; hence this study validates the use of ozone as a calibrant and simultaneously verifies the accuracy of the photoacoustic spectrometers in question.
Ulrich K. Krieger, Franziska Siegrist, Claudia Marcolli, Eva U. Emanuelsson, Freya M. Gøbel, Merete Bilde, Aleksandra Marsh, Jonathan P. Reid, Andrew J. Huisman, Ilona Riipinen, Noora Hyttinen, Nanna Myllys, Theo Kurtén, Thomas Bannan, Carl J. Percival, and David Topping
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 49–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-49-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-49-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Vapor pressures of low-volatility organic molecules at atmospheric temperatures reported in the literature often differ by several orders of magnitude between measurement techniques. These discrepancies exceed the stated uncertainty of each technique, which is generally reported to be smaller than a factor of 2. We determined saturation vapor pressures for the homologous series of polyethylene glycols ranging in vapor pressure at 298 K from 1E−7 Pa to 5E−2 Pa as a reference set.
Weiwei Hu, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Douglas A. Day, Philip Croteau, Manjula R. Canagaratna, John T. Jayne, Douglas R. Worsnop, and Jose L. Jimenez
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2897–2921, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2897-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2897-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) from ARI are used widely to measure the non-refractory species in PM1. Recently, a new capture vapourizer (CV) has been designed to reduce the need for a bounce-related CE correction in the commonly used standard vapourizer (SV) installed in AMS. To test the CV, the fragments, CE and size distributions of four pure inorganic species in the CV-AMS are investigated in various laboratory experiments. Results from the co-located SV-AMS are also shown as a comparison.
Andrew Lambe, Paola Massoli, Xuan Zhang, Manjula Canagaratna, John Nowak, Conner Daube, Chao Yan, Wei Nie, Timothy Onasch, John Jayne, Charles Kolb, Paul Davidovits, Douglas Worsnop, and William Brune
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2283–2298, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2283-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2283-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work enables the study of NOx-influenced secondary organic aerosol formation chemistry in oxidation flow reactors to an extent that was not previously possible. The method uses reactions of exited oxygen O(1D) radicals (formed from ozone photolysis at 254 nm or nitrous oxide photolysis at 185 nm) with nitrous oxide (N2O) to produce NO. We demonstrate proof of concept using chemical ionization mass spectrometer measurements to detect gas-phase oxidation products of isoprene and α -pinene.
Juha Kangasluoma, Susanne Hering, David Picard, Gregory Lewis, Joonas Enroth, Frans Korhonen, Markku Kulmala, Karine Sellegri, Michel Attoui, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 2271–2281, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2271-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2271-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The manuscript presents a characterization of three new particle counters able to detect airborne nanoparticles smaller than 3 nm in diameter. We explored some of the parameters affecting the smallest detectable particle size, such as sample flow relative humidity, the particle chemical composition and the electrical charging state. The characterization results help one to select a suitable particle counter for a given application.
Claudia Linke, Inas Ibrahim, Nina Schleicher, Regina Hitzenberger, Meinrat O. Andreae, Thomas Leisner, and Martin Schnaiter
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5331–5346, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5331-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5331-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Various carbonaceous materials are present in the atmosphere. Besides gaseous organic compounds, carbonaceous particles like soot are emitted into the air from traffic sources, residential wood combustion, or wildfires. Variable chemical compositions of such materials, which often result from incomplete combustion processes, show differences in the absorption behavior at visible wavelengths. Our instrument is able to measure the absorption at three visible wavelengths.
Cheng Wu, X. H. Hilda Huang, Wai Man Ng, Stephen M. Griffith, and Jian Zhen Yu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4547–4560, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4547-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-4547-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in more than 1300 Hong Kong samples were analyzed using both NIOSH TOT and IMPROVE TOR protocols. EC discrepancy between the two protocols mainly (83 %) arises from a difference in peak inert mode temperature, while the rest (17 %) is attributed to a difference in the optical method (transmittance vs. reflectance) applied for the charring correction. Two approaches are proposed to translate NIOSH TOT OC and EC data into IMPROVE TOR OC and EC data.
Juha Kangasluoma, Alessandro Franchin, Jonahtan Duplissy, Lauri Ahonen, Frans Korhonen, Michel Attoui, Jyri Mikkilä, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Joonas Vanhanen, Markku Kulmala, and Tuukka Petäjä
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2977–2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2977-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2977-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper describes technical aspects of using the Airmodus A11 nCNC at various inlet pressures and how temperature selection affects the performance of the instrument. We also present a sampling box to minimize the inlet losses and make use of the instrument more convenient.
G. O. Mouteva, S. M. Fahrni, G. M. Santos, J. T. Randerson, Y.-L. Zhang, S. Szidat, and C. I. Czimczik
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 3729–3743, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3729-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3729-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a stepwise uncertainty analysis of 14C measurements of organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions of aerosols. Using the Swiss_4S thermal-optical protocol with a newly established trapping setup, we show that we can efficiently isolate and trap each carbon fraction and perform 14C analysis of ultra-small OC and EC samples with high accuracy and low 14C blanks. Our study presents a first step towards the development of a common protocol for OC and EC 14C measurements.
K. Ruusuvuori, P. Hietala, O. Kupiainen-Määttä, T. Jokinen, H. Junninen, M. Sipilä, T. Kurtén, and H. Vehkamäki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2577–2588, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2577-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2577-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Ionization reagents suitable for accurate measurements of the atmospheric gas-phase amine vapour concentrations are needed. Based on computational results, acetone is a viable option for use as an ionization reagent in CI-APi-TOF measurements on atmospheric dimethylamine. However, comparison between the computational and experimental results revealed notable discrepancies. Further study is still required before the acetone CI-APi-TOF can be considered a viable option in practice.
J. W. Grayson, M. Song, M. Sellier, and A. K. Bertram
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2463–2472, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2463-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2463-2015, 2015
A. P. S. Hettiyadura, E. A. Stone, S. Kundu, Z. Baker, E. Geddes, K. Richards, and T. Humphry
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2347–2358, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2347-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2347-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates are SOA products that have proven difficult to quantify. This study addresses the need for authentic quantification standards with a straightforward approach to synthesizing highly pure organosulfate potassium salts. New standards are used to develop a new separation protocol for small, functionalized organosulfates. Upon validation, this method is used to assess sample preparation protocols and to make new measurements of organosulfates in Centreville, Alabama.
M. Rodigast, A. Mutzel, Y. Iinuma, S. Haferkorn, and H. Herrmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2409–2416, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2409-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2409-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
An optimised method for derivatisation of carbonyl compounds with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) in aqueous samples is described. The comprehensive optimisation of the method leads to an improvement of the detection limit up to a factor of 10 highlighting the good sensitivity of the optimised method for atmospherically relevant carbonyl compounds. The optimised method was successfully applied to detect carbonyl compounds from the aqueous phase oxidation of 3-methylbutanone.
E. A. Bruns, I. El Haddad, A. Keller, F. Klein, N. K. Kumar, S. M. Pieber, J. C. Corbin, J. G. Slowik, W. H. Brune, U. Baltensperger, and A. S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2315–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2315-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2315-2015, 2015
P. Panteliadis, T. Hafkenscheid, B. Cary, E. Diapouli, A. Fischer, O. Favez, P. Quincey, M. Viana, R. Hitzenberger, R. Vecchi, D. Saraga, J. Sciare, J. L. Jaffrezo, A. John, J. Schwarz, M. Giannoni, J. Novak, A. Karanasiou, P. Fermo, and W. Maenhaut
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 779–792, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-779-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-779-2015, 2015
K. E. Yttri, J. Schnelle-Kreis, W. Maenhaut, G. Abbaszade, C. Alves, A. Bjerke, N. Bonnier, R. Bossi, M. Claeys, C. Dye, M. Evtyugina, D. García-Gacio, R. Hillamo, A. Hoffer, M. Hyder, Y. Iinuma, J.-L. Jaffrezo, A. Kasper-Giebl, G. Kiss, P. L. López-Mahia, C. Pio, C. Piot, C. Ramirez-Santa-Cruz, J. Sciare, K. Teinilä, R. Vermeylen, A. Vicente, and R. Zimmermann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 125–147, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-125-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-125-2015, 2015
S. Lim, X. Faïn, M. Zanatta, J. Cozic, J.-L. Jaffrezo, P. Ginot, and P. Laj
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3307–3324, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3307-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3307-2014, 2014
J. Pavlovic, J. S. Kinsey, and M. D. Hays
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2829–2838, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2829-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-2829-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Al-Attabi, R., Dumme, L. F., Kong, L., Schütz, J. A., and Morsi, Y.: High Efficiency
Poly(acrylonitrile) Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Airborne Nanomaterials Filtration,
Adv. Eng. Mater., 20, 1700572, https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700572, 2017.
Asbach, C., Hellack, B., Schumacher, S., Bässler, M., Spreitzer, M., Pohl, T.,
Weber, K., Monz, C., Bieder, S., Schultze, T., and Todea, A.: Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und
Grenzen kostengünstiger Feinstaubsensoren, Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft, 78, 242–250,
2018.
Bruns, E. A., El Haddad, I., Keller, A., Klein, F., Kumar, N. K., Pieber, S. M., Corbin,
J. C., Slowik, J. G., Brune, W. H., Baltensperger, U., and Prévôt, A. S. H.: Inter-comparison of
laboratory smog chamber and flow reactor systems on organic aerosol yield and composition,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2315–2332, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2315-2015, 2015.
Cavalli, F., Viana, M., Yttri, K. E., Genberg, J., and Putaud, J.-P.: Toward a
standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the
EUSAAR protocol, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 79–89, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-3-79-2010, 2010.
CEN/TC 264/WG-15: European Standard EN 12341: Ambient air – Standard gravimetric measurement method for the determination of the PM10 or PM2.5 mass concentration of suspended particulate matter, CEN-CENELEC Management Centre, Brussels, Belgium, 2014.
Chowdhury, Z., Campanella, L., Gray, C., Al Masud, A., Marter-Kenyon, J., Pennise, D.,
Charron, D., and Zuzhang, X.: Measurement and modeling of indoor air pollution in rural households
with multiple stove interventions in Yunnan, China, Atmos. Environ., 67, 161–169,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.041, 2013.
Chung, A., Chang, D. P. Y., Kleeman, M. J., Perry, K. D., Cahill, T. A., Dutcher, D.,
McDougall, E. M., and Stroud, K.: Comparison of Real-Time Instruments Used To Monitor Airborne
Particulate Matter, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 51, 109–120,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2001.10464254, 2001.
Corbin, J. C., Lohmann, U., Sierau, B., Keller, A., Burtscher, H., and Mensah, A. A.:
Black carbon surface oxidation and organic composition of beech-wood soot aerosols,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11885–11907, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11885-2015, 2015a.
Corbin, J. C., Keller, A., Lohmann, U., Burtscher, H., Sierau, B., and Mensah, A. A.:
Organic Emissions from a Wood Stove and a Pellet Stove Before and After Simulated Atmospheric
Aging Organic Emissions from a Wood Stove and a Pellet Stove Before and After Simulated
Atmospheric Aging, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 49, 1037–1050, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2015.1079586,
2015b.
Crilley, L. R., Knibbs, L. D., Miljevic, B., Cong, X., Fairfull-Smith, K. E., Bottle,
S. E., Ristovski, Z. D., Ayoko, G. A., and Morawska, L.: Concentration and oxidative potential of
on-road particle emissions and their relationship with traffic composition: Relevance to exposure
assessment, Atmos. Environ., 59, 533–539, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.05.039, 2012.
Crilley, L. R., Shaw, M., Pound, R., Kramer, L. J., Price, R., Young, S., Lewis, A. C.,
and Pope, F. D.: Evaluation of a low-cost optical particle counter (Alphasense OPC-N2) for ambient
air monitoring, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 709–720, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-709-2018, 2018.
Davison, J. A., Wylie, C. E., McGladdery, C. E., Fettes, C., Haggett, E. F. and
Ramzan, P. H. L.: Airborne particulate size and concentrations in five Thoroughbred training yards
in Newmarket (UK), Vet. J., 248, 48–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.006, 2019.
Di Antonio, A., Olalekan, M. A. P., Ouyang, B., Saffell, J., and Jones, R. L.:
Developing a Relative Humidity Correction for Low-Cost Sensors Measuring Ambient Particulate
Matter, Sensors, 18, 2790, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092790, 2018.
EC-WG: Guidance to the demonstration of equivalence of ambient air monitoring methods,
Report by an EC Working Group on Guidance for the Demonstration of Equivalence, available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/assessment.htm (last access: 31 August 2020), 2010.
Eisner, A. D. and Wiener, R. W.: Discussion and Evaluation of the Volatility Test for
Equivalency of Other Methods to the Federal Reference Method for Fine Particulate Matter, Aerosol
Sci. Technol., 36, 433–440, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868202753571250, 2002.
El-Zanan, H. S., Lowenthal, D. H., Zielinska, B., Chow, J. C., and Kumar, N.:
Determination of the organic aerosol mass to organic carbon ratio in IMPROVE samples, Chemosphere,
60, 485–496, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.005, 2005.
Ess, M. N. and Vasilatou, K.: Characterization of a new miniCAST with diffusion flame
and premixed flame options: Generation of particles with high EC content in the size range
30 nm to 200 nm, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53, 29–44,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2018.1536818, 2019.
Ess, M. N., Berto, M., Keller, A., Gysel, M., and Vasilatou, K.: Laboratory generated
coated-soot particles with tunable, well-controlled properties using a miniCAST BC and a micro
smog chamber (to be submitted), 2020.
European Parliament: Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p. 1–44),
available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX{%}3A32008L0050
(last access: 31 August 2020), 2008.
European Parliament: Consolidated text: Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, available at:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008L0050-20150918 (last access:
31 August 2020), 2015.
FOEN: Fine particles, available at:
https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/air/info-specialists/air-quality-in-switzerland/fine-particles.html
(last access: 31 August 2020), 2018.
Fuzzi, S., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K., Decesari, S., Denier van der Gon, H.,
Facchini, M. C., Fowler, D., Koren, I., Langford, B., Lohmann, U., Nemitz, E., Pandis, S.,
Riipinen, I., Rudich, Y., Schaap, M., Slowik, J. G., Spracklen, D. V., Vignati, E., Wild, M.,
Williams, M., and Gilardoni, S.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and
future needs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8217–8299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8217-2015, 2015.
Grall, S., Debéda, H., Dufour, I., and Aubry, V.: Screen-Printed Microcantilevers
for Environmental Sensing, Proceedings, 2, 722, https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130722, 2018.
Grzyb, J. and Lenart-Boron, A.: Bacterial bioaerosol concentration and size
distribution in the selected animal premises in a zoological garden, Aerobiologia (Bologna), 35,
253–268, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-018-09557-9, 2019.
Hauck, H., Berner, A., Gomiscek, B., Stopper, S., Puxbauma, H., Kundi, M. and
Preining, O.: On the equivalence of gravimetric PM data with TEOM and beta-attenuation
measurements, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 1135–1149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.04.004, 2004.
Heal, M. R., Beverland, I. J., McCabe, M., Hepburn, W., and Agius, R. M.:
Intercomparison of five PM10 monitoring devices and the implications for exposure measurement in
epidemiological research, J. Environ. Monit., 2, 455–461, https://doi.org/10.1039/b002741n, 2000.
Hogrefe, O., Drewnick, F., Garland Lala, G., Schwab, J. J., and Demerjian, K. L.:
Development, Operation and Applications of an Aerosol Generation, Calibration and Research
Facility Special Issue of Aerosol Science and Technology on Findings from the Fine Particulate
Matter Supersites Program, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 196–214, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820390229516,
2004.
Horender, S., Auderset, K., and Vasilatou, K.: Facility for calibration of optical and
condensation particle counters based on a turbulent aerosol mixing tube and a reference optical
particle counter, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 90, 075111, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5095853, 2019.
Hueglin, C., Gehrig, R., Baltensperger, U., Gysel, M., Monn, C., and Vonmont, H.:
Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban,
near-city and rural sites in Switzerland, Atmos. Environ., 39, 637–651,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.027, 2005.
Jayaratne, R., Liu, X., Ahn, K.-H., Asumadu-Sakyi, A., Fisher, G., Gao, J., Mabon, A.,
Mazaheri, M., Mullins, B., Nyarku, M., Ristovski, Z., Scorgie, Y., Phong, T., Dunbabin, M., and
Morawska, L.: Low-cost PM2.5 Sensors: An Assessment of their Suitability for Various Applications,
Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 520–532, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.10.0390, 2020.
Keller, A. and Burtscher, H.: A continuous photo-oxidation flow reactor for a defined
measurement of the SOA formation potential of wood burning emissions, J. Aerosol Sci., 49, 9–20,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2012.02.007, 2012.
Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., and Kabir, S.: A review on the human health impact of airborne
particulate matter, Environ. Int., 74, 136–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.005, 2015.
Kingham, S., Durand, M., Aberkane, T., Harrison, J., Wilson, J. G., and Epton, M.:
Winter comparison of TEOM, MiniVol and DustTrak PM10 monitors in a woodsmoke environment,
Atmos. Environ., 40, 338–347, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.042, 2006.
Lee, J. H., Hopke, P. K., Holsen, T. M., and Polissar, A. V: Evaluation of Continuous
and Filter-Based Methods for Measuring PM2.5 Mass Concentration, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39,
290–303, https://doi.org/10.1080/027868290929323, 2005.
Liu, D.-Y., Prather, K. A., and Hering, S. V.: Variations in the Size and Chemical
Composition of Nitrate-Containing Particles in Riverside, CA, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 33, 71–86,
https://doi.org/10.1080/027868200410859, 2000.
Liu, D., Zhang, Q., Jiang, J., and Chen, D.: Performance calibration of low-cost and
portable particular matter (PM) sensors, J. Aerosol Sci., 112, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.05.011, 2017.
Manibusan, S. and Mainelis, G.: Performance of Four Consumer-grade Air Pollution
Measurement Devices in Different Residences, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 20, 217–230,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2019.01.0045, 2020.
McNamara, M. L., Noonan, C. W., and Ward, T. J.: Correction Factor for Continuous
Monitoring of Wood Smoke Fine Particulate Matter, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 11, 315–322,
https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2010.08.0072, 2011.
Meyer, M. B., Patashnick, H., Ambs, J. L., and Rupprecht, E.: Development of a Sample
Equilibration System for the TEOM Continuous PM Monitor, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 50,
1345–1349, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464180, 2000.
Niedermeier, D., Voigtländer, J., Schmalfuß, S., Busch, D., Schumacher, J., Shaw,
R. A., and Stratmann, F.: Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: a moist-air wind tunnel
to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2015–2033,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2015-2020, 2020.
Osán, J., Börcsök, E., Czömpöly, O., Dian, C., Groma, V., Stabile,
L., and Török, S.: Experimental evaluation of the in-the-field capabilities of
total-reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis to trace fine and ultrafine aerosol particles in
populated areas, Spectrochim. Acta Part B, 167, 105852, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2020.105852, 2020.
Papapostolou, V., Zhang, H., Feenstra, B. J., and Polidori, A.: Development of an
environmental chamber for evaluating the performance of low-cost air quality sensors under
controlled conditions, Atmos. Environ., 171, 82–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.003, 2017.
Putaud, J.-P., Dingenen, R. Van, Alastuey, A., Bauer, H., Birmili, W., Cyrys, J.,
Flentje, H., Fuzzi, S., Gehrig, R., Hansson, H. C., Harrison, R. M., Herrmann, H., Hitzenberger,
R., Hüglin, C., Jones, A. M., Kasper-Giebl, A., Kiss, G., Kousa, A., Kuhlbusch, T. A. J.,
Löschau, G., Maenhaut, W., Molnar, A., Moreno, T., Pekkanen, J., Perrino, C., Pitz, M.,
Puxbaum, H., Querol, X., Rodriguez, S., Salma, I., Schwarz, J., Smolik, J., Schneider, J.,
Spindler, G., ten Brink, H., Tursic, J., Viana, M., Wiedensohler, A., and Raes, F.: A European
aerosol phenomenology - 3: Physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matter from 60
rural, urban, and kerbside sites across Europe, Atmos. Environ., 44, 1308–1320,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.011, 2010.
Schwab, J. J., Hogrefe, O., Demerjian, K. L., and Ambs, J. L.: Laboratory
Characterization of Modified Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance Samplers, J. Air Waste
Manage. Assoc., 54, 1254–1263, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2004.10471019, 2004.
Schwab, J. J., Felton, H. D., Rattigan, O. V., and Demerjian, K. L.: New York State Urban
and Rural Measurements of Continuous PM 2.5 Mass by FDMS, TEOM, and BAM, J. Air Waste
Manage. Assoc., 56, 372–383, https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2006.10464523, 2006.
Sofowote, U., Su, Y., Bitzos, M. M., and Munoz, A.: Improving the correlations of
ambient tapered element oscillating microbalance PM2.5 data and SHARP 5030 Federal Equivalent
Method in Ontario: A multiple linear regression analysis, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 61,
104–114, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2013.833145, 2014.
Su, Y., Sofowote, U., Debosz, J., White, L., and Munoz, A.: Multi-Year Continuous PM2.5
Measurements with the Federal Equivalent Method SHARP 5030 and Comparisons to Filter-Based and
TEOM Measurements in Ontario, Canada, Atmosphere (Basel), 9, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9050191,
2018.
US-EPA: National Ambient Air Quality Standards published by the United States
Environment Protection Agency, available at:
https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table (last access: 31 August 2020), 2016.
Viana, M., Rivas, I., Reche, C., Fonseca, A., Perez, N., Querol, X., Alastuey, A.,
Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., and Sunyer, J.: Field comparison of portable and stationary instruments for
outdoor urban air exposure assessments, Atmos. Environ., 123, 220–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.10.076, 2015.
Wall, S. M., Walter, J., and Ondo, J. L.: Measurement of aerosol size distributions for
nitrate and major ionic species, Atmos. Environ., 22, 1649–1656,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90392-7, 1988.
Wallace, L. A., Wheeler, A. J., Kearney, J., Van Ryswyk, K., You, H., Kulka, R. H.,
Rasmussen, P. E., Brook, J. R., and Xu, X.: Validation of continuous particle monitors for
personal, indoor, and outdoor exposures, J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 21, 49–64,
https://doi.org/10.1038/jes.2010.15, 2011.
von der Weiden, S.-L., Drewnick, F., and Borrmann, S.: Particle Loss Calculator – a
new software tool for the assessment of the performance of aerosol inlet systems,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 479–494, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-479-2009, 2009.
Weingartner, E., Burtscher, H., Hüglin, C., and Ehara, K.: Semi-continuous mass
measurement, in Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, edited by
P. Kulkarni, P. A. Baron, and K. Willeke, 155–168, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New
Jersey., 2011.
WHO: Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP Project, available at: https://www.euro. who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/ publications/2013/review-of-evidence-on-health-aspects-of-air-pollution (last access: 5 September 2020), 2013.
Yanosky, J. D., Williams, P. L., and Macintosh, D. L.: A comparison of two
direct-reading aerosol monitors with the federal reference method for PM2.5 in indoor
air, Atmos. Environ., 36, 107–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00422-8, 2002.
Zhang, J., Marto, J. P., and Schwab, J. J.: Exploring the applicability and limitations
of selected optical scattering instruments for PM mass measurement, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11,
2995–3005, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2995-2018, 2018.
Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Zuo, J., Chen, G., Xu, L., and Rameezdeen, R.: Indoor
PM2.5 concentrations in residential buildings during a severely polluted winter: A case study in
Tianjin, China, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 64, 372–381, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.018, 2016.
Zhu, K., Zhang, J. J., and Lioy, P. J.: Evaluation and Comparison of Continuous Fine
Particulate Matter Monitors for Measurement of Ambient Aerosols, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 57,
1499–1506, https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.12.1499, 2007.
Zhuang, H., Chan, C. K., Fang, M., and Wexler, A. S.: Size distributions of particulate
sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium at a coastal site in Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 33, 843–853,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00305-7, 1999.
Short summary
A new facility has been developed which allows for the stable and reproducible generation of ambient-like model aerosols in the laboratory. The set-up consists of multiple aerosol generators, a custom-made flow tube homogeniser, isokinetic sampling probes, and a system to control aerosol temperature and humidity. The model aerosols, which contain fresh and aged soot, inorganic salt, and dust particles, can be used for the calibration of air quality monitoring instruments.
A new facility has been developed which allows for the stable and reproducible generation of...
