Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1365-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1365-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 22 Feb 2021
| 22 Feb 2021
Compact and lightweight mid-infrared laser spectrometer for balloon-borne water vapor measurements in the UTLS
Manuel Graf
Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Philipp Scheidegger
Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
André Kupferschmid
Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Herbert Looser
Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Thomas Peter
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Ruud Dirksen
Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)/GCOS Reference Upper Air Network (GRUAN) Lead Center, Lindenberg, Germany
Lukas Emmenegger
Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Viewed
Total article views: 4,094 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Jun 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,078 | 920 | 96 | 4,094 | 133 | 165 |
- HTML: 3,078
- PDF: 920
- XML: 96
- Total: 4,094
- BibTeX: 133
- EndNote: 165
Total article views: 3,421 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 22 Feb 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,752 | 589 | 80 | 3,421 | 102 | 135 |
- HTML: 2,752
- PDF: 589
- XML: 80
- Total: 3,421
- BibTeX: 102
- EndNote: 135
Total article views: 673 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 25 Jun 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 326 | 331 | 16 | 673 | 31 | 30 |
- HTML: 326
- PDF: 331
- XML: 16
- Total: 673
- BibTeX: 31
- EndNote: 30
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,094 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,981 with geography defined
and 113 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,421 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,326 with geography defined
and 95 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 673 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 655 with geography defined
and 18 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
17 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Extending the optical path of segmented circular multipass cells by reiteration of reflection patterns L. Heilmann et al. 10.1364/OL.559892
- The AquaVIT-4 intercomparison of atmospheric hygrometers S. Brunamonti et al. 10.5194/amt-18-5321-2025
- Developments on a 22 GHz microwave radiometer and reprocessing of 13-year time series for water vapour studies A. Bell et al. 10.5194/amt-18-555-2025
- Absorption and dispersion: In search of a versatile spectroscopic technique I. Gazizov et al. 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137688
- Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Switch–Scan Tuning of Vernier Quantum-Cascade Lasers R. Brechbühler et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04352
- Evaluation of Spatial Gas Temperature and Water Vapor Inhomogeneities in TDLAS in Circular Multipass Absorption Cells Used for the Analysis of Dynamic Tube Flows F. Witt et al. 10.3390/s23094345
- Ring-amplified shock tube for variable-gain, multi-wavelength absorption spectroscopy C. Strand et al. 10.1364/OE.571994
- Methane detection system based on a new type of dense optical multi-pass cell H. Yang & J. Peng 10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.169776
- Parameter-tuning stochastic resonance as a tool to enhance wavelength modulation spectroscopy using a dense overlapped spot pattern multi-pass cell Y. Cao et al. 10.1364/OE.465629
- SI-traceable validation of a laser spectrometer for balloon-borne measurements of water vapor in the upper atmosphere S. Brunamonti et al. 10.5194/amt-16-4391-2023
- Progress in monitoring methane emissions from landfills using drones: an overview of the last ten years D. Fosco et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173981
- Ozone and water vapor variability in the polar middle atmosphere observed with ground-based microwave radiometers G. Shi et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9137-2023
- Quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer with a low temperature multipass cell for precision clumped CO2 measurement A. Nataraj et al. 10.1364/OE.447172
- Towards an Optical Gas Standard for Traceable Calibration-Free and Direct NO2 Concentration Measurements J. Nwaboh et al. 10.3390/app11125361
- Ppb-Level Self-Calibrating Ozone Detection Using a T-Type Multipass Enhanced Photoacoustic Sensor with a 9.46 μm Quantum Cascade Laser Y. Wu & P. Luo 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04999
- Quantum cascade laser (QCL) in airborne atmospheric measurements: a review [Invited] F. D’Amato et al. 10.1364/OE.558437
- A compact QCL spectrometer for mobile, high-precision methane sensing aboard drones B. Tuzson et al. 10.5194/amt-13-4715-2020
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Extending the optical path of segmented circular multipass cells by reiteration of reflection patterns L. Heilmann et al. 10.1364/OL.559892
- The AquaVIT-4 intercomparison of atmospheric hygrometers S. Brunamonti et al. 10.5194/amt-18-5321-2025
- Developments on a 22 GHz microwave radiometer and reprocessing of 13-year time series for water vapour studies A. Bell et al. 10.5194/amt-18-555-2025
- Absorption and dispersion: In search of a versatile spectroscopic technique I. Gazizov et al. 10.1016/j.snb.2025.137688
- Rapid Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Switch–Scan Tuning of Vernier Quantum-Cascade Lasers R. Brechbühler et al. 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04352
- Evaluation of Spatial Gas Temperature and Water Vapor Inhomogeneities in TDLAS in Circular Multipass Absorption Cells Used for the Analysis of Dynamic Tube Flows F. Witt et al. 10.3390/s23094345
- Ring-amplified shock tube for variable-gain, multi-wavelength absorption spectroscopy C. Strand et al. 10.1364/OE.571994
- Methane detection system based on a new type of dense optical multi-pass cell H. Yang & J. Peng 10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.169776
- Parameter-tuning stochastic resonance as a tool to enhance wavelength modulation spectroscopy using a dense overlapped spot pattern multi-pass cell Y. Cao et al. 10.1364/OE.465629
- SI-traceable validation of a laser spectrometer for balloon-borne measurements of water vapor in the upper atmosphere S. Brunamonti et al. 10.5194/amt-16-4391-2023
- Progress in monitoring methane emissions from landfills using drones: an overview of the last ten years D. Fosco et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173981
- Ozone and water vapor variability in the polar middle atmosphere observed with ground-based microwave radiometers G. Shi et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9137-2023
- Quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer with a low temperature multipass cell for precision clumped CO2 measurement A. Nataraj et al. 10.1364/OE.447172
- Towards an Optical Gas Standard for Traceable Calibration-Free and Direct NO2 Concentration Measurements J. Nwaboh et al. 10.3390/app11125361
- Ppb-Level Self-Calibrating Ozone Detection Using a T-Type Multipass Enhanced Photoacoustic Sensor with a 9.46 μm Quantum Cascade Laser Y. Wu & P. Luo 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c04999
- Quantum cascade laser (QCL) in airborne atmospheric measurements: a review [Invited] F. D’Amato et al. 10.1364/OE.558437
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
Short summary
Water vapor is the most important natural greenhouse gas. The accurate and frequent measurement of its abundance, especially in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), is technically challenging. We developed and characterized a mid-IR absorption spectrometer for highly accurate water vapor measurements in the UTLS. The instrument is sufficiently small and lightweight (3.9 kg) to be carried by meteorological balloons, which enables frequent and cost-effective soundings.
Water vapor is the most important natural greenhouse gas. The accurate and frequent measurement...
