Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-995-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-995-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 09 Feb 2021
| 09 Feb 2021
Stationary and portable multipollutant monitors for high-spatiotemporal-resolution air quality studies including online calibration
Colby Buehler
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale
University, School of Engineering and
Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale
University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Fulizi Xiong
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale
University, School of Engineering and
Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale
University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Misti Levy Zamora
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale
University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Kate M. Skog
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale
University, School of Engineering and
Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Joseph Kohrman-Glaser
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, School of
Engineering and Applied Science,
New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Stefan Colton
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yale University, School of
Engineering and Applied Science,
New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Michael McNamara
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, School of
Engineering and Applied Science,
New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Kevin Ryan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, School of
Engineering and Applied Science,
New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
Carrie Redlich
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University, School of Public Health, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Matthew Bartos
Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin,
Cockrell School of Engineering, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
Brandon Wong
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350
Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Branko Kerkez
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350
Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Kirsten Koehler
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale
University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public
Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Drew R. Gentner
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale
University, School of Engineering and
Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
SEARCH (Solutions for Energy, Air, Climate and Health) Center, Yale
University, New Haven,
Connecticut 06511, USA
Multiphase Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 5,388 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Aug 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,734 | 1,530 | 124 | 5,388 | 567 | 140 | 172 |
- HTML: 3,734
- PDF: 1,530
- XML: 124
- Total: 5,388
- Supplement: 567
- BibTeX: 140
- EndNote: 172
Total article views: 4,589 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 09 Feb 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,386 | 1,090 | 113 | 4,589 | 357 | 121 | 146 |
- HTML: 3,386
- PDF: 1,090
- XML: 113
- Total: 4,589
- Supplement: 357
- BibTeX: 121
- EndNote: 146
Total article views: 799 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Aug 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 348 | 440 | 11 | 799 | 210 | 19 | 26 |
- HTML: 348
- PDF: 440
- XML: 11
- Total: 799
- Supplement: 210
- BibTeX: 19
- EndNote: 26
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,388 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,129 with geography defined
and 259 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,589 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,471 with geography defined
and 118 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 799 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 658 with geography defined
and 141 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost methane sensor and key environmental factors for sensor calibration J. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00100D
- Transformational IoT sensing for air pollution and thermal exposures J. Pantelic et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.971523
- Research on the construction of portable electrochemical sensors for environmental compounds quality monitoring Q. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100340
- Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors: Biases, Corrections and Challenges in Their Comparability I. Hayward et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121523
- Pinpointing sources of pollution using citizen science and hyperlocal low-cost mobile source apportionment D. Bousiotis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109069
- Evaluation of calibration approaches for indoor deployments of PurpleAir monitors K. Koehler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119944
- Development and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Portable PM2.5 Monitor for Mobile Deployment M. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072767
- A Scalable Calibration Method for Enhanced Accuracy in Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks A. Winter et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08855
- Site-Specific Calibration of Low-Cost Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 Monitors in the United States: A Comparison of Industrial and Non-Industrial Communities J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44408-026-00112-7
- Integrating mobility data into air pollution research for public health Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44360-026-00056-7
- In Pursuit of Local Solutions for Climate Resilience: Sensing Microspatial Inequities in Heat and Air Pollution within Urban Neighborhoods in Boston, MA D. O’Brien & A. Mueller https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042984
- Hyperlocal Air Pollution in London: Validating Low-Cost Sensors for Mobile Measurements from Vehicles H. Russell et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.3c00043
- Ambient characterisation of PurpleAir particulate matter monitors for measurements to be considered as indicative A. Caseiro et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00085G
- Design and Implementation of an Air Quality Testing System Based on STC12C5A F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.110
- Sustained Performance of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors in Long-Term Deployments A. Winter et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00566
- Managing and monitoring indoor air quality and surface decontamination in healthcare environments G. Cappelli et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2025-76-4013
- Evaluating the Performance of Using Low-Cost Sensors to Calibrate for Cross-Sensitivities in a Multipollutant Network M. Levy Zamora et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00367
- Machine Learning for Improving Accuracy and Utility of Low-Cost Environmental Air Pollution Sensor Networks for Probabilistic Spatial Exposure Assessment A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001163
- Performance characterization of low-cost air quality sensors for off-grid deployment in rural Malawi A. Bittner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3353-2022
- Design, fabrication, and calibration of the Building EnVironment and Occupancy (BEVO) Beacon: A rapidly-deployable and affordable indoor environmental quality monitor H. Fritz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109432
- Probabilistic Machine Learning with Low-Cost Sensor Networks for Occupational Exposure Assessment and Industrial Hygiene Decision Making A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab105
- Long-term evaluation of commercial air quality sensors: an overview from the QUANT (Quantification of Utility of Atmospheric Network Technologies) study S. Diez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3809-2024
- Non-linear probabilistic calibration of low-cost environmental air pollution sensor networks for neighborhood level spatiotemporal exposure assessment A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00493-y
- Exploring the relationship between traffic, speed, and personal in-vehicle noise exposure during commutes A. Anand et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2026.101992
- The Association Between Personal Air Pollution Exposures and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO): A Systematic Review A. Anand et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-024-00430-1
- A predictive model for the estimation of industrial PM2.5 emissions for IoT-based devices A. Kychkin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2024.110662
- Low-cost sensors for atmospheric NO2 measurement: A review C. Ayvaz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126418
- High-resolution urban air quality monitoring from citizen science data with echo-state transformer networks M. Bonas & S. Castruccio https://doi.org/10.1093/jrsssc/qlaf007
- Identifying optimal co-location calibration periods for low-cost sensors M. Levy Zamora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-169-2023
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Laboratory and field evaluation of a low-cost methane sensor and key environmental factors for sensor calibration J. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00100D
- Transformational IoT sensing for air pollution and thermal exposures J. Pantelic et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.971523
- Research on the construction of portable electrochemical sensors for environmental compounds quality monitoring Q. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100340
- Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors: Biases, Corrections and Challenges in Their Comparability I. Hayward et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121523
- Pinpointing sources of pollution using citizen science and hyperlocal low-cost mobile source apportionment D. Bousiotis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.109069
- Evaluation of calibration approaches for indoor deployments of PurpleAir monitors K. Koehler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119944
- Development and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Portable PM2.5 Monitor for Mobile Deployment M. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072767
- A Scalable Calibration Method for Enhanced Accuracy in Dense Air Quality Monitoring Networks A. Winter et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c08855
- Site-Specific Calibration of Low-Cost Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 Monitors in the United States: A Comparison of Industrial and Non-Industrial Communities J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44408-026-00112-7
- Integrating mobility data into air pollution research for public health Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44360-026-00056-7
- In Pursuit of Local Solutions for Climate Resilience: Sensing Microspatial Inequities in Heat and Air Pollution within Urban Neighborhoods in Boston, MA D. O’Brien & A. Mueller https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042984
- Hyperlocal Air Pollution in London: Validating Low-Cost Sensors for Mobile Measurements from Vehicles H. Russell et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.3c00043
- Ambient characterisation of PurpleAir particulate matter monitors for measurements to be considered as indicative A. Caseiro et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00085G
- Design and Implementation of an Air Quality Testing System Based on STC12C5A F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.46300/9106.2021.15.110
- Sustained Performance of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors in Long-Term Deployments A. Winter et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c00566
- Managing and monitoring indoor air quality and surface decontamination in healthcare environments G. Cappelli et al. https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2025-76-4013
- Evaluating the Performance of Using Low-Cost Sensors to Calibrate for Cross-Sensitivities in a Multipollutant Network M. Levy Zamora et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.1c00367
- Machine Learning for Improving Accuracy and Utility of Low-Cost Environmental Air Pollution Sensor Networks for Probabilistic Spatial Exposure Assessment A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4001163
- Performance characterization of low-cost air quality sensors for off-grid deployment in rural Malawi A. Bittner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3353-2022
- Design, fabrication, and calibration of the Building EnVironment and Occupancy (BEVO) Beacon: A rapidly-deployable and affordable indoor environmental quality monitor H. Fritz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109432
- Probabilistic Machine Learning with Low-Cost Sensor Networks for Occupational Exposure Assessment and Industrial Hygiene Decision Making A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab105
- Long-term evaluation of commercial air quality sensors: an overview from the QUANT (Quantification of Utility of Atmospheric Network Technologies) study S. Diez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3809-2024
- Non-linear probabilistic calibration of low-cost environmental air pollution sensor networks for neighborhood level spatiotemporal exposure assessment A. Patton et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00493-y
- Exploring the relationship between traffic, speed, and personal in-vehicle noise exposure during commutes A. Anand et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2026.101992
- The Association Between Personal Air Pollution Exposures and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO): A Systematic Review A. Anand et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-024-00430-1
- A predictive model for the estimation of industrial PM2.5 emissions for IoT-based devices A. Kychkin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2024.110662
- Low-cost sensors for atmospheric NO2 measurement: A review C. Ayvaz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126418
- High-resolution urban air quality monitoring from citizen science data with echo-state transformer networks M. Bonas & S. Castruccio https://doi.org/10.1093/jrsssc/qlaf007
- Identifying optimal co-location calibration periods for low-cost sensors M. Levy Zamora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-169-2023
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
In this paper we develop a stationary and portable low-cost multipollutant monitor capable of measuring a variety of human-health- and climate-related pollutants. While traditional reference instrumentation is sparsely spaced, these monitors can be deployed as a network to gain insight into the spatial and temporal variability within an urban setting, or in other targeted studies. We also implement an online calibration system to address long-term drift of sensors and adjust calibrations.
In this paper we develop a stationary and portable low-cost multipollutant monitor capable of...
