Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4293-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4293-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Research article
 | 
09 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 09 Sep 2025

The impact of differences in retrieval algorithms between processing centers on GNSS radio occultation refractivity retrievals in the planetary boundary layer

Sara Vannah, Stephen S. Leroy, Chi O. Ao, E. Robert Kursinski, Kevin J. Nelson, Kuo-Nung Wang, and Feiqin Xie

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Latest update: 23 Oct 2025
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Short summary
Uncertainty estimation for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) soundings in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) depends on the algorithms used to process the RO data. We compare the refractivity retrievals from three RO processing centers – each with their own retrieval algorithm – in the PBL, finding a strong underestimation of refractivity in regions with the strongest refractivity gradients, especially in Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) processing, as well as areas of weak overestimation of refractivity near the poles.
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