Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4433-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4433-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Research article
 | 
11 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 11 Sep 2025

Retrieving tropospheric refractivity structure using interferometry of aircraft radio transmissions

Ollie Lewis, Chris Brunt, Malcolm Kitchen, Neill E. Bowler, and Edmund K. Stone

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Experiments with large number of GNSS-RO observations through the ROMEX collaboration in the Met Office NWP system
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4194,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4194, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
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Cited articles

Anthes, R., Sjoberg, J., Feng, X., and Syndergaard, S.: Comparison of COSMIC and COSMIC-2 radio occultation refractivity and bending angle uncertainties in August 2006 and 2021, Atmosphere, 13, 790, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050790, 2022. a
Aparicio, J. M. and Laroche, S.: An evaluation of the expression of the atmospheric refractivity for GPS signals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D11104, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015214, 2011. a
de Haan, S.: High-resolution wind and temperature observations from aircraft tracked by Mode-S air traffic control radar, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D10111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015264, 2011. a
de Haan, S. and Stoffelen, A.: Assimilation of high-resolution Mode-S wind and temperature observations in a regional NWP model for nowcasting applications, Weather Forecast., 27, 918–937, 2012. a
de Haan, S., de Haij, M., and Sondij, J.: The use of a commercial ADS-B receiver to derive upper air wind and temperature observations from Mode-S EHS information in The Netherlands, KNMI De Bilt, Tech. Rep. TR-336, 44 pp., 2013. a, b
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Humidity observations are crucial for an accurate weather forecast. We propose a new way to measure humidity by measuring how radio signals from commercial aircraft are refracted by the atmosphere. Humidity affects the refractive index of air, allowing its presence to be detected. With thousands of flights in the airspace over the United Kingdom every day, there is the potential for a large increase in the number of humidity measurements for use in weather forecasting models.
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