Articles | Volume 18, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6997-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6997-2025
Research article
 | 
24 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 24 Nov 2025

Evaluation of biases and uncertainties in ROMEX radio occultation observations

Richard Anthes, Jeremiah Sjoberg, Jon Starr, and Zhen Zeng

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Cited articles

Anthes, R. and Rieckh, T.: Estimating observation and model error variances using multiple data sets, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 4239–4260, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4239-2018, 2018. 
Anthes, R. A., Rocken, C., and Kuo Y.-H.: Applications of COSMIC to meteorology and climate. Special issue of Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO), 11, 115–156, https://n2t.org/ark:/85065/d7fn16ch, 2000. 
Anthes, R., Sjoberg, J., Feng, X., and Syndergaard, S.: Comparison of COSMIC and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Refractivity and Bending Angle Uncertainties with Latitude in August 2006 and 2021, Atmosphere 13, 5, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050790, 2022. 
Anthes, R. A., Marquardt, C., Ruston, B., and Shao, H.: Radio Occultation Modeling Experiment (ROMEX)-Determining the impact of radio occultation observations on numerical weather prediction. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 105, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0326.1, 2024. 
Ao, C. O., Waliser, D. E., Chan, S. K., Li, J.-L., Tian, B., Xie, F., and Mannucci, A. J.: Planetary boundary layer heights from GPS radio occultation refractivity and humidity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017598, 2012. 
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Short summary
The Radio Occultation Modeling EXperiment (ROMEX) is an international collaboration to test the impact of varying numbers of radio occultation (RO) observations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast models. An unprecedented 35 000 RO profiles per day from 13 different satellite missions are being used in different NWP forecast models. The quality (random and bias errors) of the ROMEX observations is evaluated in this paper.
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