Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1385-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1385-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Feb 2026
Research article |
| 20 Feb 2026
| 20 Feb 2026
Volcanic plume height during the 2021 Tajogaite eruption (La Palma) from two complementary monitoring methods – implications for satellite-based products
África Barreto
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Group of Atmospheric Optics (GOA-UVa), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
Francisco Quirós
Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Omaira E. García
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Jorge Pereda-de-Pablo
Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Daniel González-Fernández
Group of Atmospheric Optics (GOA-UVa), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
Laboratory of Disruptive Interdisciplinary Science (LaDIS), Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
Andrés Bedoya-Velásquez
ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Universite de Toulouse, 31055, Toulouse, France
Michael Sicard
CommSensLab, Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Ciències i Tecnologies de l’Espai-Centre de Recerca de l’Aeronàutica i de l’Espai/Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (CTE-CRAE/IEEC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones, Université de La Réunion, 97744, Saint Denis, France
Carmen Córdoba-Jabonero
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, Ctra. Ajalvir, km.4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain
Marco Iarlori
INFN-GSGC L’Aquila and CETEMPS-DSFC, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
Vincenzo Rizi
INFN-GSGC L’Aquila and CETEMPS-DSFC, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
Nickolay Krotkov
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
Simon Carn
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
Reijo Roininen
Vaisala Oyj, 01670 Vantaa, Finland
Antonio J. Molina-Arias
Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014, Madrid, Spain
A. Fernando Almansa
Scientific Department, CIMEL Electronique, 75011, Paris, France
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Óscar Álvarez-Losada
TRAGSATEC, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Carla Aramo
INFN Napoli, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia - Ed. 6, Napoli, Italy
Juan José Bustos
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Romain Ceolato
ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Universite de Toulouse, 31055, Toulouse, France
Adolfo Comerón
CommSensLab, Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Alicia Felpeto
Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Rosa D. García
TRAGSATEC, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Pablo González-Sicilia
TRAGSATEC, 28037, Madrid, Spain
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Yenny González
Scientific Department, CIMEL Electronique, 75011, Paris, France
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Pascal Hedelt
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234, Weßling
Miguel Hernández
Regional Meteorological Center for Western Canary Islands, State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
María-Ángeles López-Cayuela
Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Atmospheric Research and Instrumentation Branch, Ctra. Ajalvir, km.4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain
Diego Loyola
German Aerospace Center (DLR), Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234, Weßling
Stavros Meletlidis
Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014, Madrid, Spain
Constantino Muñoz-Porcar
CommSensLab, Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Ermanno Pietropaolo
INFN-GSGC L’Aquila and DSFC, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
Ramón Ramos
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez
CommSensLab, Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Roberto Román
Group of Atmospheric Optics (GOA-UVa), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
Laboratory of Disruptive Interdisciplinary Science (LaDIS), Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
Pedro M. Romero-Campos
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
Martin Stuefer
Alaska Climate Research Center and HyLab Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 757320, USA
Carlos Toledano
Group of Atmospheric Optics (GOA-UVa), Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
Laboratory of Disruptive Interdisciplinary Science (LaDIS), Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
Ellsworth J. Welton
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Latest update: 20 Feb 2026
Short summary
This manuscript describes the instrumental coverage deployed during the Tajogaite eruption (19 September–25 December 2021) by the Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMET), and other Spanish members of ACTRIS (Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure) to monitor its atmospheric impact. Two complementary methods provide consistent plume height data for future operational surveillance.
This manuscript describes the instrumental coverage deployed during the Tajogaite eruption (19...
