Articles | Volume 19, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1629-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1629-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2026
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2026
| 04 Mar 2026
Vertical distribution of heat and sodium fluxes in the mesopause region measured by sodium lidar over Hainan, China (109° E, 19° N)
Xingjin Wang
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Xin Fang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Wenhao Gao
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
deceased, 9 September 2024
Xianhang Chen
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Tai Liu
Department of Geophysics, College of the Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
Chengyun Yang
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Tingdi Chen
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Xianghui Xue
National Key Laboratory of Deep Space Exploration/School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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The MLT DW1 amplitude is suppressed during El Niño winters in both satellite observation and SD-WACCM simulations. The suppressed Hough mode (1, 1) in the tropopause region propagates vertically to the MLT region, leading to decreased DW1 amplitude. The latitudinal zonal wind shear anomalies during El Niño winters would narrow the waveguide and prevent the vertical propagation of DW1. The gravity wave drag excited by ENSO-induced anomalous convection could also modulate the MLT DW1 amplitude.
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Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
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The solitary wave theory is applied for the first time to study the sporadic sodium layers (NaS). We perform soliton fitting processes on the observed data from the Andes Lidar Observatory, and find out that 24/27 NaS events exhibit similar features to a soliton. Time series of the net anomaly reveal the same variation process to the solution of a five-order KdV equation. Our results suggest the NaS phenomenon would be an appropriate tracer for nonlinear wave studies in the atmosphere.
Jianfei Wu, Wuhu Feng, Han-Li Liu, Xianghui Xue, Daniel Robert Marsh, and John Maurice Campbell Plane
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Metal layers occur in the MLT region (80–120 km) from the ablation of cosmic dust. The latest lidar observations show these metals can reach a height approaching 200 km, which is challenging to explain. We have developed the first global simulation incorporating the full life cycle of metal atoms and ions. The model results compare well with lidar and satellite observations of the seasonal and diurnal variation of the metals and demonstrate the importance of ion mass and ion-neutral coupling.
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Short summary
This paper reports the deployment of the first narrowband sodium lidar in the low-latitude region of China. The lidar observations are compared with satellite measurements and atmospheric models, confirming the scientific credibility of these results. Calculations of vertical gravity wave heat and sodium fluxes are used to investigate the influence of the space environment. This lidar system will provide a new ground-based detection device for studying atmospheric environment above the area.
This paper reports the deployment of the first narrowband sodium lidar in the low-latitude...
