Articles | Volume 19, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4013-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4013-2026
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19 Jun 2026
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 19 Jun 2026

Global and diurnal variations in tropospheric ammonia observed from a constellation of hyperspectral infrared sounders in three different LEO orbits

Jiancong Hua, Runyi Zhou, Mengya Sheng, and Zhao-Cheng Zeng

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Latest update: 19 Jun 2026
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Editorial statement
This study establishes a novel integrated satellite constellation that delivers quasi-geostationary–like global coverage, enabling six daily observations of atmospheric NH₃ and substantially improving constraints on its diurnal variability. The framework provides a critical observational basis for more accurate emission quantification and for advancing climate and air quality model parameterizations.
Short summary
The diurnal cycle of NH3 remains under-constrained at a global scale. To address this gap, we construct an integrated constellation with hyperspectral infrared sounders in three different Low-Earth-Orbits to achieve quasi-geostationary-like global monitoring coverage of NH3 and provide six maps of global NH3 for every 4-hour in each day. This constellation has the potential to enhance the global climate-monitoring capacity of polar-orbiting meteorological satellites.
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