Articles | Volume 19, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6607-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-6607-2026
Research article
 | 
20 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 20 Oct 2026

Physically constrained retrieval of fog visibility from millimeter-wavelength cloud radar observations

Xiaojie Li, Jinming Ge, Yucheng Qiu, Qiaoyi Lv, Wei Song, Jie Zhang, Chi Zhang, Bochun Liu, Jiapeng Wang, Hongwei Xia, and Yuhang Zhu

Cited articles

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Bell, A., Martinet, P., Caumont, O., Vié, B., Delanoë, J., Dupont, J.-C., and Borderies, M.: W-band radar observations for fog forecast improvement: an analysis of model and forward operator errors, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 4929–4946, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4929-2021, 2021. a
Bernardin, F., Colomb, M., Egal, F., Morange, P., and Boreux, J.: Droplet distribution models for visibility calculation, in: 5th International Conference on Fog, Fog Collection and Dew, Münster, Germany, 25–30 July 2010, https://meetings.copernicus.org/fog2010/fogconference_2010_conference_book.pdf (last access: 25 September 2026), 2010. a
Boers, R., Klein Baltink, H., Hemink, H. J., Bosveld, F. C., and Moerman, M.: Ground-Based Observations and Modeling of the Visibility and Radar Reflectivity in a Radiation Fog Layer, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 30, 288–300, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00081.1, 2013. a
Cartis, C., Gould, N. I. M., and Toint, P. L.: Trust-region and other regularisations of linear least-squares problems, BIT Numer. Math., 49, 21–53, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10543-008-0206-8, 2009. a
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Short summary
Fog threatens transportation but is hard to monitor. Ground sensors see only single points and satellites miss vertical detail. We developed a radar-based method to estimate visibility inside fog based on how fog droplets block light. The method finds water content and droplet sizes from radar signals, then calculates how far one can see. It provides three-dimensional fog monitoring without extra instruments.
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