Articles | Volume 7, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3413-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3413-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Characterisation of an inlet pre-injector laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the measurement of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals
A. Novelli
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
K. Hens
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
C. Tatum Ernest
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
D. Kubistin
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
University of Wollongong, School of Chemistry, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
E. Regelin
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
T. Elste
German Weather Service, Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, 83282 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
C. Plass-Dülmer
German Weather Service, Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, 83282 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany
M. Martinez
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
J. Lelieveld
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
H. Harder
Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 4,670 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Jan 2014)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,573 | 1,980 | 117 | 4,670 | 151 | 157 |
- HTML: 2,573
- PDF: 1,980
- XML: 117
- Total: 4,670
- BibTeX: 151
- EndNote: 157
Total article views: 3,492 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 08 Oct 2014)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,123 | 1,277 | 92 | 3,492 | 134 | 146 |
- HTML: 2,123
- PDF: 1,277
- XML: 92
- Total: 3,492
- BibTeX: 134
- EndNote: 146
Total article views: 1,178 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Jan 2014)
HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
450 | 703 | 25 | 1,178 | 17 | 11 |
- HTML: 450
- PDF: 703
- XML: 25
- Total: 1,178
- BibTeX: 17
- EndNote: 11
Cited
63 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Chengdu, China in summer 2019 X. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144829
- Calibration of an airborne HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> instrument using the All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Experimentation (APACHE) D. Marno et al. 10.5194/amt-13-2711-2020
- A direct liquid sampling interface for photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy X. Wu et al. 10.1063/5.0136665
- Atmospheric new particle formation from the CERN CLOUD experiment J. Kirkby et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01305-0
- Reconciling Observed and Predicted Tropical Rainforest OH Concentrations D. Jeong et al. 10.1029/2020JD032901
- Modification of a conventional photolytic converter for improving aircraft measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> via chemiluminescence C. Nussbaumer et al. 10.5194/amt-14-6759-2021
- Measurement report: Observation-based formaldehyde production rates and their relation to OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula D. Dienhart et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021
- Measurement report: Photochemical production and loss rates of formaldehyde and ozone across Europe C. Nussbaumer et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18413-2021
- Simulations of atmospheric OH, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> reactivities within and above the boreal forest D. Mogensen et al. 10.5194/acp-15-3909-2015
- Investigation of potential interferences in the detection of atmospheric RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> radicals by laser-induced fluorescence under dark conditions H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/amt-9-1431-2016
- Development of a laser-photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere B. Bottorff et al. 10.5194/amt-14-6039-2021
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in photochemically aged air from the eastern and western Mediterranean B. Derstroff et al. 10.5194/acp-17-9547-2017
- Radical chemistry and ozone production at a UK coastal receptor site R. Woodward-Massey et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14393-2023
- Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign Z. Tan et al. 10.5194/acp-18-12391-2018
- Daytime formation of nitrous acid at a coastal remote site in Cyprus indicating a common ground source of atmospheric HONO and NO H. Meusel et al. 10.5194/acp-16-14475-2016
- Diurnal variability, photochemical production and loss processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over Europe H. Fischer et al. 10.5194/acp-19-11953-2019
- Radical chemistry at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: observation and model calculations of OH, HO<sub>2</sub> and RO<sub>2</sub> radicals Z. Tan et al. 10.5194/acp-17-663-2017
- Pressure-dependent calibration of the OH and HO<sub>2</sub> channels of a FAGE HO<sub>x</sub> instrument using the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/amt-8-523-2015
- The reaction of peroxy radicals with OH radicals C. Fittschen 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.002
- Comparison of temperature-dependent calibration methods of an instrument to measure OH and HO2 radicals using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/amt-16-4375-2023
- Radical chemistry in the Pearl River Delta: observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Shenzhen in 2018 X. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022
- Experimental chemical budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals in rural air in western Germany during the JULIAC campaign 2019 C. Cho et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023
- Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon’s upper troposphere J. Curtius et al. 10.1038/s41586-024-08192-4
- OH and HO<sub>2</sub> radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018 X. Ma et al. 10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022
- Chemical and meteorological influences on the lifetime of NO<sub>3</sub> at a semi-rural mountain site during PARADE N. Sobanski et al. 10.5194/acp-16-4867-2016
- Measurement of tropospheric HO2 radical using fluorescence assay by gas expansion with low interferences Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.010
- Estimating the atmospheric concentration of Criegee intermediates and their possible interference in a FAGE-LIF instrument A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-17-7807-2017
- OH, HO2, and RO2 radical chemistry in a rural forest environment: measurements, model comparisons, and evidence of a missing radical sink B. Bottorff et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023
- Quantitative study on the interference of OH radicalmeasurement in the air pollution complex X. Ma et al. 10.1360/TB-2022-0581
- Significant OH production under surface cleaning and air cleaning conditions: Impact on indoor air quality N. Carslaw et al. 10.1111/ina.12394
- Intercomparison of OH and OH reactivity measurements in a high isoprene and low NO environment during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) D. Sanchez et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.056
- Evaluation of OH and HO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and their budgets during photooxidation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO) in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-18-11409-2018
- Oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere: evidence from the modelling of HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> measurements over Cyprus C. Mallik et al. 10.5194/acp-18-10825-2018
- Intercomparison of OH radical measurement in a complex atmosphere in Chengdu, China G. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155924
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and Middle East seas M. Wietzoreck et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022
- Southeast Atmosphere Studies: learning from model-observation syntheses J. Mao et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2615-2018
- OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses Z. Zou et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023
- Investigation of the oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) by OH radicals in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/acp-18-8001-2018
- OH and HO<sub>2</sub> radical chemistry in a midlatitude forest: measurements and model comparisons M. Lew et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9209-2020
- Characterization of a chemical modulation reactor (CMR) for the measurement of atmospheric concentrations of hydroxyl radicals with a laser-induced fluorescence instrument C. Cho et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1851-2021
- Winter photochemistry in Beijing: Observation and model simulation of OH and HO2 radicals at an urban site X. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.329
- Measurements of a potential interference with laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ambient OH from the ozonolysis of biogenic alkenes P. Rickly & P. Stevens 10.5194/amt-11-1-2018
- Calibration source for OH radical based on synchronous photolysis F. Wang et al. 10.7498/aps.69.20200153
- Investigation of the <i>α</i>-pinene photooxidation by OH in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR M. Rolletter et al. 10.5194/acp-19-11635-2019
- Implementation of a chemical background method for atmospheric OH measurements by laser-induced fluorescence: characterisation and observations from the UK and China R. Woodward-Massey et al. 10.5194/amt-13-3119-2020
- A hydroxyl radical detection system using gas expansion and fast gating laser-induced fluorescence techniques H. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.012
- Insights into HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> chemistry in the boreal forest via measurement of peroxyacetic acid, peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) and hydrogen peroxide J. Crowley et al. 10.5194/acp-18-13457-2018
- Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals X. Yang et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-45885-w
- Towards a quantitative understanding of total OH reactivity: A review Y. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.010
- Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Provides Mechanistic Insights in Fuel Synthesis and Conversion P. Hemberger et al. 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01712
- Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex‐LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets S. Griffith et al. 10.1002/2015JD024358
- ROOOH: a missing piece of the puzzle for OH measurements in low-NO environments? C. Fittschen et al. 10.5194/acp-19-349-2019
- OH production from the photolysis of isoprene-derived peroxy radicals: cross-sections, quantum yields and atmospheric implications R. Hansen et al. 10.1039/C6CP06718B
- Direct measurements of OH and other product yields from the HO<sub>2</sub> + CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)O<sub>2</sub> reaction F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/acp-16-4023-2016
- Importance of isomerization reactions for OH radical regeneration from the photo-oxidation of isoprene investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-20-3333-2020
- Shipborne measurements of ClNO<sub>2</sub> in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula during summer P. Eger et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12121-2019
- OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: contributions from OH reactants and experimental OH budget H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/acp-17-645-2017
- Isoprene photo-oxidation products quantify the effect of pollution on hydroxyl radicals over Amazonia Y. Liu et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aar2547
- Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo) L. Whalley et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2547-2018
- Techniques for measuring indoor radicals and radical precursors E. Alvarez et al. 10.1080/05704928.2022.2087666
- A comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field station within the boreal forest in Finland R. Oswald et al. 10.5194/acp-15-799-2015
- Direct observation of OH formation from stabilised Criegee intermediates A. Novelli et al. 10.1039/C4CP02719A
- Observation and modelling of HO<sub>x</sub> radicals in a boreal forest K. Hens et al. 10.5194/acp-14-8723-2014
60 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Chengdu, China in summer 2019 X. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144829
- Calibration of an airborne HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> instrument using the All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Experimentation (APACHE) D. Marno et al. 10.5194/amt-13-2711-2020
- A direct liquid sampling interface for photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy X. Wu et al. 10.1063/5.0136665
- Atmospheric new particle formation from the CERN CLOUD experiment J. Kirkby et al. 10.1038/s41561-023-01305-0
- Reconciling Observed and Predicted Tropical Rainforest OH Concentrations D. Jeong et al. 10.1029/2020JD032901
- Modification of a conventional photolytic converter for improving aircraft measurements of NO<sub>2</sub> via chemiluminescence C. Nussbaumer et al. 10.5194/amt-14-6759-2021
- Measurement report: Observation-based formaldehyde production rates and their relation to OH reactivity around the Arabian Peninsula D. Dienhart et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17373-2021
- Measurement report: Photochemical production and loss rates of formaldehyde and ozone across Europe C. Nussbaumer et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18413-2021
- Simulations of atmospheric OH, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> reactivities within and above the boreal forest D. Mogensen et al. 10.5194/acp-15-3909-2015
- Investigation of potential interferences in the detection of atmospheric RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> radicals by laser-induced fluorescence under dark conditions H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/amt-9-1431-2016
- Development of a laser-photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence instrument for the detection of nitrous acid and hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere B. Bottorff et al. 10.5194/amt-14-6039-2021
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in photochemically aged air from the eastern and western Mediterranean B. Derstroff et al. 10.5194/acp-17-9547-2017
- Radical chemistry and ozone production at a UK coastal receptor site R. Woodward-Massey et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14393-2023
- Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign Z. Tan et al. 10.5194/acp-18-12391-2018
- Daytime formation of nitrous acid at a coastal remote site in Cyprus indicating a common ground source of atmospheric HONO and NO H. Meusel et al. 10.5194/acp-16-14475-2016
- Diurnal variability, photochemical production and loss processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over Europe H. Fischer et al. 10.5194/acp-19-11953-2019
- Radical chemistry at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: observation and model calculations of OH, HO<sub>2</sub> and RO<sub>2</sub> radicals Z. Tan et al. 10.5194/acp-17-663-2017
- Pressure-dependent calibration of the OH and HO<sub>2</sub> channels of a FAGE HO<sub>x</sub> instrument using the Highly Instrumented Reactor for Atmospheric Chemistry (HIRAC) F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/amt-8-523-2015
- The reaction of peroxy radicals with OH radicals C. Fittschen 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.002
- Comparison of temperature-dependent calibration methods of an instrument to measure OH and HO2 radicals using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/amt-16-4375-2023
- Radical chemistry in the Pearl River Delta: observations and modeling of OH and HO2 radicals in Shenzhen in 2018 X. Yang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12525-2022
- Experimental chemical budgets of OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals in rural air in western Germany during the JULIAC campaign 2019 C. Cho et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2003-2023
- Isoprene nitrates drive new particle formation in Amazon’s upper troposphere J. Curtius et al. 10.1038/s41586-024-08192-4
- OH and HO<sub>2</sub> radical chemistry at a suburban site during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign in 2018 X. Ma et al. 10.5194/acp-22-7005-2022
- Chemical and meteorological influences on the lifetime of NO<sub>3</sub> at a semi-rural mountain site during PARADE N. Sobanski et al. 10.5194/acp-16-4867-2016
- Measurement of tropospheric HO2 radical using fluorescence assay by gas expansion with low interferences Y. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2020.06.010
- Estimating the atmospheric concentration of Criegee intermediates and their possible interference in a FAGE-LIF instrument A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-17-7807-2017
- OH, HO2, and RO2 radical chemistry in a rural forest environment: measurements, model comparisons, and evidence of a missing radical sink B. Bottorff et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10287-2023
- Quantitative study on the interference of OH radicalmeasurement in the air pollution complex X. Ma et al. 10.1360/TB-2022-0581
- Significant OH production under surface cleaning and air cleaning conditions: Impact on indoor air quality N. Carslaw et al. 10.1111/ina.12394
- Intercomparison of OH and OH reactivity measurements in a high isoprene and low NO environment during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) D. Sanchez et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.10.056
- Evaluation of OH and HO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and their budgets during photooxidation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO) in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-18-11409-2018
- Oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean atmosphere: evidence from the modelling of HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> measurements over Cyprus C. Mallik et al. 10.5194/acp-18-10825-2018
- Intercomparison of OH radical measurement in a complex atmosphere in Chengdu, China G. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155924
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their alkylated, nitrated and oxygenated derivatives in the atmosphere over the Mediterranean and Middle East seas M. Wietzoreck et al. 10.5194/acp-22-8739-2022
- Southeast Atmosphere Studies: learning from model-observation syntheses J. Mao et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2615-2018
- OH measurements in the coastal atmosphere of South China: possible missing OH sinks in aged air masses Z. Zou et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7057-2023
- Investigation of the oxidation of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) by OH radicals in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/acp-18-8001-2018
- OH and HO<sub>2</sub> radical chemistry in a midlatitude forest: measurements and model comparisons M. Lew et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9209-2020
- Characterization of a chemical modulation reactor (CMR) for the measurement of atmospheric concentrations of hydroxyl radicals with a laser-induced fluorescence instrument C. Cho et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1851-2021
- Winter photochemistry in Beijing: Observation and model simulation of OH and HO2 radicals at an urban site X. Ma et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.329
- Measurements of a potential interference with laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ambient OH from the ozonolysis of biogenic alkenes P. Rickly & P. Stevens 10.5194/amt-11-1-2018
- Calibration source for OH radical based on synchronous photolysis F. Wang et al. 10.7498/aps.69.20200153
- Investigation of the <i>α</i>-pinene photooxidation by OH in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR M. Rolletter et al. 10.5194/acp-19-11635-2019
- Implementation of a chemical background method for atmospheric OH measurements by laser-induced fluorescence: characterisation and observations from the UK and China R. Woodward-Massey et al. 10.5194/amt-13-3119-2020
- A hydroxyl radical detection system using gas expansion and fast gating laser-induced fluorescence techniques H. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.012
- Insights into HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and RO<sub><i>x</i></sub> chemistry in the boreal forest via measurement of peroxyacetic acid, peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) and hydrogen peroxide J. Crowley et al. 10.5194/acp-18-13457-2018
- Reactive aldehyde chemistry explains the missing source of hydroxyl radicals X. Yang et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-45885-w
- Towards a quantitative understanding of total OH reactivity: A review Y. Yang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.03.010
- Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Provides Mechanistic Insights in Fuel Synthesis and Conversion P. Hemberger et al. 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01712
- Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex‐LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets S. Griffith et al. 10.1002/2015JD024358
- ROOOH: a missing piece of the puzzle for OH measurements in low-NO environments? C. Fittschen et al. 10.5194/acp-19-349-2019
- OH production from the photolysis of isoprene-derived peroxy radicals: cross-sections, quantum yields and atmospheric implications R. Hansen et al. 10.1039/C6CP06718B
- Direct measurements of OH and other product yields from the HO<sub>2</sub> + CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)O<sub>2</sub> reaction F. Winiberg et al. 10.5194/acp-16-4023-2016
- Importance of isomerization reactions for OH radical regeneration from the photo-oxidation of isoprene investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR A. Novelli et al. 10.5194/acp-20-3333-2020
- Shipborne measurements of ClNO<sub>2</sub> in the Mediterranean Sea and around the Arabian Peninsula during summer P. Eger et al. 10.5194/acp-19-12121-2019
- OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North China Plain: contributions from OH reactants and experimental OH budget H. Fuchs et al. 10.5194/acp-17-645-2017
- Isoprene photo-oxidation products quantify the effect of pollution on hydroxyl radicals over Amazonia Y. Liu et al. 10.1126/sciadv.aar2547
- Understanding in situ ozone production in the summertime through radical observations and modelling studies during the Clean air for London project (ClearfLo) L. Whalley et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2547-2018
- Techniques for measuring indoor radicals and radical precursors E. Alvarez et al. 10.1080/05704928.2022.2087666
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A comparison of HONO budgets for two measurement heights at a field station within the boreal forest in Finland R. Oswald et al. 10.5194/acp-15-799-2015
- Direct observation of OH formation from stabilised Criegee intermediates A. Novelli et al. 10.1039/C4CP02719A
- Observation and modelling of HO<sub>x</sub> radicals in a boreal forest K. Hens et al. 10.5194/acp-14-8723-2014
Saved (final revised paper)
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 13 Dec 2024