Articles | Volume 8, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3177-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3177-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Aug 2015
Research article |
| 12 Aug 2015
Calibration of 3-D wind measurements on a single-engine research aircraft
C. Mallaun
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Flight Experiments, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
A. Giez
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Flight Experiments, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
R. Baumann
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 4,354 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 11 Feb 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,331 | 1,817 | 206 | 4,354 | 236 | 269 |
- HTML: 2,331
- PDF: 1,817
- XML: 206
- Total: 4,354
- BibTeX: 236
- EndNote: 269
Total article views: 3,639 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Aug 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,046 | 1,420 | 173 | 3,639 | 209 | 239 |
- HTML: 2,046
- PDF: 1,420
- XML: 173
- Total: 3,639
- BibTeX: 209
- EndNote: 239
Total article views: 715 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 11 Feb 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 285 | 397 | 33 | 715 | 27 | 30 |
- HTML: 285
- PDF: 397
- XML: 33
- Total: 715
- BibTeX: 27
- EndNote: 30
Cited
52 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Investigating Exchange Processes over Complex Topography: The Innsbruck Box (i-Box) M. Rotach et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00246.1
- Real-Time Wind Field Estimation and Pitot Tube Calibration Using an Extended Kalman Filter Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060646
- Analysis of urban greenhouse gas dispersion for downtown Montréal using computational fluid dynamics and field measurements Q. Dyer-Hawes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2026.103014
- New calibration procedures for airborne turbulence measurements and accuracy of the methane fluxes during the AirMeth campaigns J. Hartmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4567-2018
- Gravity-wave-induced cross-isentropic mixing: a DEEPWAVE case study H. Lachnitt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-355-2023
- Quantifying agricultural N2O and CH4 emissions in the Netherlands using an airborne eddy covariance system P. Waldmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-185-2026
- Exploring the daytime boundary layer evolution based on Doppler spectrum width from multiple coplanar wind lidars during CROSSINN N. Babić et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-609-2024
- Subsiding shells and the distribution of up- and downdraughts in warm cumulus clouds over land C. Mallaun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9769-2019
- Illustration of microphysical processes in Amazonian deep convective clouds in the gamma phase space: introduction and potential applications M. Cecchini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14727-2017
- Current Challenges in Understanding and Predicting Transport and Exchange in the Atmosphere over Mountainous Terrain M. Lehner & M. Rotach https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070276
- Linear relationship between effective radius and precipitation water content near the top of convective clouds: measurement results from ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021
- Calibration Procedure and Accuracy of Wind and Turbulence Measurements with Five-Hole Probes on Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Wind Turbine Wakes A. Rautenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030124
- A Stochastic Representation of Temperature Fluctuations Induced by Mesoscale Gravity Waves B. Kärcher & A. Podglajen https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030680
- Airborne observations of peroxy radicals during the EMeRGe campaign in Europe M. George et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023
- Observed and Simulated Variability of Droplet Spectral Dispersion in Convective Clouds Over the Amazon L. Hernández Pardo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035076
- Validation of the Aeolus L2B wind product with airborne wind lidar measurements in the polar North Atlantic region and in the tropics B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7049-2022
- Drone-based meteorological observations up to the tropopause – a concept study K. Bärfuss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3739-2023
- Characteristics of upper‐level updrafts and downdrafts in the anvils of tropical deep convective clouds S. Kizhuveettil et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70268
- Further evidence for CCN aerosol concentrations determining the height of warm rain and ice initiation in convective clouds over the Amazon basin R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14433-2017
- The ASK-16 motorized glider: an airborne eddy covariance platform to measure turbulence, energy, and matter fluxes I. Wiekenkamp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-749-2025
- Does Strong Tropospheric Forcing Cause Large‐Amplitude Mesospheric Gravity Waves? A DEEPWAVE Case Study M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027371
- Unmanned aerial vehicles reveal the impact of a total solar eclipse on the atmospheric surface layer S. Bailey et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0212
- Detrainment Dominates CCN Concentrations Around Non‐Precipitating Convective Clouds Over the Amazon R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100411
- In-flight emission measurements with an autonomous payload behind a turboprop aircraft G. Neumann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6795-2025
- Estimating Upper Silesian coal mine methane emissions from airborne in situ observations and dispersion modeling J. Kostinek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8791-2021
- Pollution slightly enhances atmospheric cooling by low-level clouds in tropical West Africa V. Hahn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023
- Upper-tropospheric slightly ice-subsaturated regions: frequency of occurrence and statistical evidence for the appearance of contrail cirrus Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2251-2023
- Comparing parameterized versus measured microphysical properties of tropical convective cloud bases during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7365-2017
- Estimating CH4, CO2 and CO emissions from coal mining and industrial activities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using an aircraft-based mass balance approach A. Fiehn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020
- Towards improved turbulence estimation with Doppler wind lidar velocity-azimuth display (VAD) scans N. Wildmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
- Development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for the Measurement of Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer B. Witte et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8100195
- Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft? M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0340.1
- Sensitivities of Amazonian clouds to aerosols and updraft speed M. Cecchini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10037-2017
- Momentum fluxes from airborne wind measurements in three cumulus cases over land A. Koning et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7373-2022
- Evaluation of simulated CO2 power plant plumes from six high-resolution atmospheric transport models D. Brunner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2699-2023
- Estimating Random Uncertainty in Airborne Flux Measurements over Alaskan Tundra: Update on the Flux Fragment Method R. Dobosy et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0187.1
- Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017 M. Andrés Hernández et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022
- Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA L. Machado et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018
- Airborne coherent wind lidar measurements of the momentum flux profile from orographically induced gravity waves B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1087-2023
- Mountain-Wave Turbulence Encounter of the Research Aircraft HALO above Iceland M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0079.1
- Novel approaches to estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from low- and moderate-resolution velocity fluctuation time series M. Wacławczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4573-2017
- A Cylindrical Vehicle-Mounted Anemometer Based on 12 Pressure Sensors—Principle, Prototype Design, and Validation B. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2852286
- Mountain waves modulate the water vapor distribution in the UTLS R. Heller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017
- Planning airborne photogrammetry and remote-sensing missions with modern platforms and sensors M. Pepe et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2018.1444945
- Airborne remote sensing of nitrous acid in the troposphere: potential sources of excess HONO B. Weyland et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6825-2026
- Observed versus simulated mountain waves over Scandinavia – improvement of vertical winds, energy and momentum fluxes by enhanced model resolution? J. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4031-2017
- Airborne measurements and large-eddy simulations of small-scale gravity waves at the tropopause inversion layer over Scandinavia S. Gisinger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10091-2020
- Static Pressure from Aircraft Trailing-Cone Measurements and Numerical Weather-Prediction Analysis A. Giez et al. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034084
- The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales U. Schumann https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0160.1
- Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018 T. Klausner et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.411
- Evaluating Weather and Chemical Transport Models at High Latitudes using MAGIC2021 Airborne Measurements F. Langot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5955-2025
- Cloud droplet formation at the base of tropical convective clouds: closure between modeling and measurement results of ACRIDICON–CHUVA R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021
52 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Investigating Exchange Processes over Complex Topography: The Innsbruck Box (i-Box) M. Rotach et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00246.1
- Real-Time Wind Field Estimation and Pitot Tube Calibration Using an Extended Kalman Filter Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9060646
- Analysis of urban greenhouse gas dispersion for downtown Montréal using computational fluid dynamics and field measurements Q. Dyer-Hawes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2026.103014
- New calibration procedures for airborne turbulence measurements and accuracy of the methane fluxes during the AirMeth campaigns J. Hartmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4567-2018
- Gravity-wave-induced cross-isentropic mixing: a DEEPWAVE case study H. Lachnitt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-355-2023
- Quantifying agricultural N2O and CH4 emissions in the Netherlands using an airborne eddy covariance system P. Waldmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-185-2026
- Exploring the daytime boundary layer evolution based on Doppler spectrum width from multiple coplanar wind lidars during CROSSINN N. Babić et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-609-2024
- Subsiding shells and the distribution of up- and downdraughts in warm cumulus clouds over land C. Mallaun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-9769-2019
- Illustration of microphysical processes in Amazonian deep convective clouds in the gamma phase space: introduction and potential applications M. Cecchini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14727-2017
- Current Challenges in Understanding and Predicting Transport and Exchange in the Atmosphere over Mountainous Terrain M. Lehner & M. Rotach https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9070276
- Linear relationship between effective radius and precipitation water content near the top of convective clouds: measurement results from ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14079-2021
- Calibration Procedure and Accuracy of Wind and Turbulence Measurements with Five-Hole Probes on Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Wind Turbine Wakes A. Rautenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030124
- A Stochastic Representation of Temperature Fluctuations Induced by Mesoscale Gravity Waves B. Kärcher & A. Podglajen https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030680
- Airborne observations of peroxy radicals during the EMeRGe campaign in Europe M. George et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7799-2023
- Observed and Simulated Variability of Droplet Spectral Dispersion in Convective Clouds Over the Amazon L. Hernández Pardo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035076
- Validation of the Aeolus L2B wind product with airborne wind lidar measurements in the polar North Atlantic region and in the tropics B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-7049-2022
- Drone-based meteorological observations up to the tropopause – a concept study K. Bärfuss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3739-2023
- Characteristics of upper‐level updrafts and downdrafts in the anvils of tropical deep convective clouds S. Kizhuveettil et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70268
- Further evidence for CCN aerosol concentrations determining the height of warm rain and ice initiation in convective clouds over the Amazon basin R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14433-2017
- The ASK-16 motorized glider: an airborne eddy covariance platform to measure turbulence, energy, and matter fluxes I. Wiekenkamp et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-749-2025
- Does Strong Tropospheric Forcing Cause Large‐Amplitude Mesospheric Gravity Waves? A DEEPWAVE Case Study M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027371
- Unmanned aerial vehicles reveal the impact of a total solar eclipse on the atmospheric surface layer S. Bailey et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0212
- Detrainment Dominates CCN Concentrations Around Non‐Precipitating Convective Clouds Over the Amazon R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100411
- In-flight emission measurements with an autonomous payload behind a turboprop aircraft G. Neumann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6795-2025
- Estimating Upper Silesian coal mine methane emissions from airborne in situ observations and dispersion modeling J. Kostinek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8791-2021
- Pollution slightly enhances atmospheric cooling by low-level clouds in tropical West Africa V. Hahn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8515-2023
- Upper-tropospheric slightly ice-subsaturated regions: frequency of occurrence and statistical evidence for the appearance of contrail cirrus Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2251-2023
- Comparing parameterized versus measured microphysical properties of tropical convective cloud bases during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7365-2017
- Estimating CH4, CO2 and CO emissions from coal mining and industrial activities in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using an aircraft-based mass balance approach A. Fiehn et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12675-2020
- Towards improved turbulence estimation with Doppler wind lidar velocity-azimuth display (VAD) scans N. Wildmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4141-2020
- Development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for the Measurement of Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer B. Witte et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8100195
- Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft? M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-17-0340.1
- Sensitivities of Amazonian clouds to aerosols and updraft speed M. Cecchini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10037-2017
- Momentum fluxes from airborne wind measurements in three cumulus cases over land A. Koning et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7373-2022
- Evaluation of simulated CO2 power plant plumes from six high-resolution atmospheric transport models D. Brunner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2699-2023
- Estimating Random Uncertainty in Airborne Flux Measurements over Alaskan Tundra: Update on the Flux Fragment Method R. Dobosy et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0187.1
- Overview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017 M. Andrés Hernández et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5877-2022
- Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA L. Machado et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018
- Airborne coherent wind lidar measurements of the momentum flux profile from orographically induced gravity waves B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1087-2023
- Mountain-Wave Turbulence Encounter of the Research Aircraft HALO above Iceland M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0079.1
- Novel approaches to estimating the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate from low- and moderate-resolution velocity fluctuation time series M. Wacławczyk et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4573-2017
- A Cylindrical Vehicle-Mounted Anemometer Based on 12 Pressure Sensors—Principle, Prototype Design, and Validation B. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2852286
- Mountain waves modulate the water vapor distribution in the UTLS R. Heller et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14853-2017
- Planning airborne photogrammetry and remote-sensing missions with modern platforms and sensors M. Pepe et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/22797254.2018.1444945
- Airborne remote sensing of nitrous acid in the troposphere: potential sources of excess HONO B. Weyland et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6825-2026
- Observed versus simulated mountain waves over Scandinavia – improvement of vertical winds, energy and momentum fluxes by enhanced model resolution? J. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4031-2017
- Airborne measurements and large-eddy simulations of small-scale gravity waves at the tropopause inversion layer over Scandinavia S. Gisinger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10091-2020
- Static Pressure from Aircraft Trailing-Cone Measurements and Numerical Weather-Prediction Analysis A. Giez et al. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034084
- The Horizontal Spectrum of Vertical Velocities near the Tropopause from Global to Gravity Wave Scales U. Schumann https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0160.1
- Urban greenhouse gas emissions from the Berlin area: A case study using airborne CO2 and CH4 in situ observations in summer 2018 T. Klausner et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.411
- Evaluating Weather and Chemical Transport Models at High Latitudes using MAGIC2021 Airborne Measurements F. Langot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5955-2025
- Cloud droplet formation at the base of tropical convective clouds: closure between modeling and measurement results of ACRIDICON–CHUVA R. Braga et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17513-2021
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 26 Aug 2026
Short summary
We demonstrate a calibration method for the three-dimensional wind measurements on a research aircraft, which are strongly influenced by dynamical effects during flight. We correct these errors step by step after an extensive test flight program including new methods to gain optimum correction coefficients and a direct estimation of the residual errors. The overall error, estimated with a novel error propagation scheme, is 0.3 m/s for the horizontal and 0.2 m/s for the vertical wind.
We demonstrate a calibration method for the three-dimensional wind measurements on a research...
