The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN): an instrument to investigate ice
nucleation
Sarvesh Garimella1,Thomas Bjerring Kristensen2,Karolina Ignatius2,Andre Welti2,Jens Voigtländer2,Gourihar R. Kulkarni3,Frank Sagan4,Gregory Lee Kok4,James Dorsey5,Leonid Nichman5,Daniel Alexander Rothenberg1,Michael Rösch1,Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner6,Russell Ladkin6,Heike Wex2,Theodore W. Wilson7,Luis Antonio Ladino8,Jon P. D. Abbatt8,Olaf Stetzer9,Ulrike Lohmann10,Frank Stratmann2,and Daniel James Cziczo1Sarvesh Garimella et al. Sarvesh Garimella1,Thomas Bjerring Kristensen2,Karolina Ignatius2,Andre Welti2,Jens Voigtländer2,Gourihar R. Kulkarni3,Frank Sagan4,Gregory Lee Kok4,James Dorsey5,Leonid Nichman5,Daniel Alexander Rothenberg1,Michael Rösch1,Amélie Catharina Ruth Kirchgäßner6,Russell Ladkin6,Heike Wex2,Theodore W. Wilson7,Luis Antonio Ladino8,Jon P. D. Abbatt8,Olaf Stetzer9,Ulrike Lohmann10,Frank Stratmann2,and Daniel James Cziczo1
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
USA
2Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig,
Germany
3Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA,
USA
4Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA
5School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
6British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
7School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
8Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
9V-ZUG AG, Zurich, Switzerland
10Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich,
Switzerland
1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA,
USA
2Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig,
Germany
3Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA,
USA
4Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA
5School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
6British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
7School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
8Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
9V-ZUG AG, Zurich, Switzerland
10Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich,
Switzerland
Correspondence: Daniel James Cziczo (djcziczo@mit.edu)
Received: 21 Dec 2015 – Discussion started: 01 Feb 2016 – Revised: 06 May 2016 – Accepted: 15 Jun 2016 – Published: 06 Jul 2016
Abstract. The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nucleating particle (INP) counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. The SPIN is a continuous flow diffusion chamber with parallel plate geometry based on the Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber and the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber. This study presents a standard description for using the SPIN instrument and also highlights methods to analyze measurements in more advanced ways. It characterizes and describes the behavior of the SPIN chamber, reports data from laboratory measurements, and quantifies uncertainties associated with the measurements. Experiments with ammonium sulfate are used to investigate homogeneous freezing of deliquesced haze droplets and droplet breakthrough. Experiments with kaolinite, NX illite, and silver iodide are used to investigate heterogeneous ice nucleation. SPIN nucleation results are compared to those from the literature. A machine learning approach for analyzing depolarization data from the SPIN optical particle counter is also presented (as an advanced use). Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous INP counter measurements.
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies in Boulder, CO. This study characterizes the SPIN chamber, reporting data from laboratory measurements and quantifying uncertainties. Overall, we report that the SPIN is able to reproduce previous CFDC ice nucleation measurements.
The SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN) is a commercially available ice nuclei counter...
