Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) and Institute for
Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology/Institute of Physics, University
of Graz, Graz, Austria
Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC) of
NSSC/CAS, Beijing, China, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space
Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing, China
SPACE Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Yueqiang Sun
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space
Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing, China
Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC) of
NSSC/CAS, Beijing, China, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
SPACE Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
School of Environment of Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Robert Norman
SPACE Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Marc Schwaerz
Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC) and Institute for
Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology/Institute of Physics, University
of Graz, Graz, Austria
Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC) of
NSSC/CAS, Beijing, China, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Weihua Bai
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space
Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing, China
Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC) of
NSSC/CAS, Beijing, China, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Qifei Du
Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration, National Space
Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC/CAS), Beijing, China
Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate (JLOAC) of
NSSC/CAS, Beijing, China, and University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Ying Li
Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Wuhan, China
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In this study, we focused on investigating the causes of the higher-order residual ionospheric error (RIE) in the GNSS RO events, by employing detailed along-ray-path analyses of atmospheric and ionospheric refractivities, impact parameter changes, and bending angles and RIEs under asymmetric and symmetric ionospheric structures. We found that the main causes of the high RIEs are a combination of physics-based effects, where asymmetric ionospheric conditions play the primary role.
In this study, we focused on investigating the causes of the higher-order residual ionospheric...
