Articles | Volume 11, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4239-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4239-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Jul 2018
Research article |
| 19 Jul 2018
| 19 Jul 2018
Estimating observation and model error variances using multiple data sets
COSMIC Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Therese Rieckh
COSMIC Program Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Viewed
Total article views: 3,909 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 18 Jan 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,613 | 1,188 | 108 | 3,909 | 106 | 131 |
- HTML: 2,613
- PDF: 1,188
- XML: 108
- Total: 3,909
- BibTeX: 106
- EndNote: 131
Total article views: 3,227 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 Jul 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,220 | 912 | 95 | 3,227 | 103 | 120 |
- HTML: 2,220
- PDF: 912
- XML: 95
- Total: 3,227
- BibTeX: 103
- EndNote: 120
Total article views: 682 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 18 Jan 2018)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 393 | 276 | 13 | 682 | 3 | 11 |
- HTML: 393
- PDF: 276
- XML: 13
- Total: 682
- BibTeX: 3
- EndNote: 11
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 3,909 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,794 with geography defined
and 115 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,227 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,153 with geography defined
and 74 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 682 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 641 with geography defined
and 41 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
20 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating two methods of estimating error variances using simulated data sets with known errors T. Rieckh & R. Anthes 10.5194/amt-11-4309-2018
- Impact of Uncertainty in Precipitation Forcing Data Sets on the Hydrologic Budget of an Integrated Hydrologic Model in Mountainous Terrain A. Schreiner‐McGraw & H. Ajami 10.1029/2020WR027639
- The Three-Cornered Hat Method for Estimating Error Variances of Three or More Atmospheric Data Sets – Part II: Evaluating Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations, Global Model Forecasts, and Reanalyses T. Rieckh et al. 10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0209.1
- How far can the statistical error estimation problem be closed by collocated data? A. Vogel & R. Ménard 10.5194/npg-30-375-2023
- Marginalized iterative ensemble smoothers for data assimilation A. Stordal et al. 10.1007/s10596-023-10242-1
- Comparison of COSMIC and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Refractivity and Bending Angle Uncertainties in August 2006 and 2021 R. Anthes et al. 10.3390/atmos13050790
- A Thorough Evaluation of the Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements onboard Three Fengyun-3 Satellites X. Xia et al. 10.1007/s13351-023-2198-3
- An assessment of reprocessed GPS/MET observations spanning 1995–1997 A. Mannucci et al. 10.5194/amt-15-4971-2022
- An intercomparison of four gridded precipitation products over Europe using an extension of the three-cornered-hat method L. Lledó et al. 10.5194/hess-28-5149-2024
- Estimating the observation errors of FY-3C radio occultation dataset using the three-cornered hat method J. Zhang et al. 10.1007/s44195-023-00054-2
- Global 3D Features of Error Variances of GPS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations X. Xu & X. Zou 10.3390/rs13010001
- Quality assessment of YUNYAO radio occultation data in the neutral atmosphere X. Xu et al. 10.5194/amt-18-1339-2025
- Performance assessment of radio occultation data from GeoOptics by comparing with COSMIC data H. Chang et al. 10.1186/s40623-022-01667-6
- Applications of the Three-cornered Hat Method to the Error Variance Estimations of FY-4A Atmospheric Temperature Profiles Y. Zhang et al. 10.1080/07055900.2022.2096559
- Overview and New Opportunities for Multi-Source Data Assimilation X. Zou 10.1007/s13351-025-4140-3
- Sensitivity of Forward-Modeled Bending Angles to Vertical Interpolation of Refractivity for Radio Occultation Data Assimilation S. Gilpin et al. 10.1175/MWR-D-18-0223.1
- Assessment of FY-3E GNOS II Radio Occultation Data Using an Improved Three-Cornered Hat Method J. Liang et al. 10.3390/rs16203808
- Evaluation and Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Constellation Observed Atmospheric Refractivity in the WRF Data Assimilation System R. Singh et al. 10.1029/2021JD034935
- Measuring the Confidence of Single-Point Traffic Forecasting Models: Techniques, Experimental Comparison, and Guidelines Toward Their Actionability I. Laña et al. 10.1109/TITS.2024.3375936
- Evaluating tropospheric humidity from GPS radio occultation, radiosonde, and AIRS from high-resolution time series T. Rieckh et al. 10.5194/amt-11-3091-2018
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating two methods of estimating error variances using simulated data sets with known errors T. Rieckh & R. Anthes 10.5194/amt-11-4309-2018
- Impact of Uncertainty in Precipitation Forcing Data Sets on the Hydrologic Budget of an Integrated Hydrologic Model in Mountainous Terrain A. Schreiner‐McGraw & H. Ajami 10.1029/2020WR027639
- The Three-Cornered Hat Method for Estimating Error Variances of Three or More Atmospheric Data Sets – Part II: Evaluating Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations, Global Model Forecasts, and Reanalyses T. Rieckh et al. 10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0209.1
- How far can the statistical error estimation problem be closed by collocated data? A. Vogel & R. Ménard 10.5194/npg-30-375-2023
- Marginalized iterative ensemble smoothers for data assimilation A. Stordal et al. 10.1007/s10596-023-10242-1
- Comparison of COSMIC and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Refractivity and Bending Angle Uncertainties in August 2006 and 2021 R. Anthes et al. 10.3390/atmos13050790
- A Thorough Evaluation of the Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements onboard Three Fengyun-3 Satellites X. Xia et al. 10.1007/s13351-023-2198-3
- An assessment of reprocessed GPS/MET observations spanning 1995–1997 A. Mannucci et al. 10.5194/amt-15-4971-2022
- An intercomparison of four gridded precipitation products over Europe using an extension of the three-cornered-hat method L. Lledó et al. 10.5194/hess-28-5149-2024
- Estimating the observation errors of FY-3C radio occultation dataset using the three-cornered hat method J. Zhang et al. 10.1007/s44195-023-00054-2
- Global 3D Features of Error Variances of GPS Radio Occultation and Radiosonde Observations X. Xu & X. Zou 10.3390/rs13010001
- Quality assessment of YUNYAO radio occultation data in the neutral atmosphere X. Xu et al. 10.5194/amt-18-1339-2025
- Performance assessment of radio occultation data from GeoOptics by comparing with COSMIC data H. Chang et al. 10.1186/s40623-022-01667-6
- Applications of the Three-cornered Hat Method to the Error Variance Estimations of FY-4A Atmospheric Temperature Profiles Y. Zhang et al. 10.1080/07055900.2022.2096559
- Overview and New Opportunities for Multi-Source Data Assimilation X. Zou 10.1007/s13351-025-4140-3
- Sensitivity of Forward-Modeled Bending Angles to Vertical Interpolation of Refractivity for Radio Occultation Data Assimilation S. Gilpin et al. 10.1175/MWR-D-18-0223.1
- Assessment of FY-3E GNOS II Radio Occultation Data Using an Improved Three-Cornered Hat Method J. Liang et al. 10.3390/rs16203808
- Evaluation and Assimilation of the COSMIC‐2 Radio Occultation Constellation Observed Atmospheric Refractivity in the WRF Data Assimilation System R. Singh et al. 10.1029/2021JD034935
- Measuring the Confidence of Single-Point Traffic Forecasting Models: Techniques, Experimental Comparison, and Guidelines Toward Their Actionability I. Laña et al. 10.1109/TITS.2024.3375936
Latest update: 30 Aug 2025
Short summary
We show how multiple data sets, including observations and models, can be combined using the "N-cornered hat method" to estimate vertical profiles of the errors of each system. Using data from 2007, we estimate the error variances of radio occultation, radiosondes, ERA-Interim, and GFS model data sets at four radiosonde locations in the tropics and subtropics. A key assumption is the neglect of error correlations among the different data sets, and we examine the consequences of this assumption.
We show how multiple data sets, including observations and models, can be combined using the...
