Articles | Volume 12, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4829-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4829-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 10 Sep 2019
| 10 Sep 2019
Assimilation of GNSS tomography products into the Weather Research and Forecasting model using radio occultation data assimilation operator
Natalia Hanna
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040,
Austria
Estera Trzcina
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wrocław University of
Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-357, Poland
Gregor Möller
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040,
Austria
now at: Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing Group, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Witold Rohm
Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Wrocław University of
Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, 50-357, Poland
Robert Weber
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, 1040,
Austria
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- GNSS-Based Machine Learning Storm Nowcasting M. Łoś et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162536
- Applying principal components to analyze the distribution of model biases in GNSS tropospheric tomography for a case study in Northwestern Iran M. Mashhadi Hossainali & H. Tabatabaei https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01315-2
- Parameterisation of the GNSS troposphere tomography domain with optimisation of the nodes’ distribution E. Trzcina et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-022-01691-0
- An Improved Tropospheric Tomographic Model Based on Artificial Neural Network M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3278302
- Fast Observation Operator for Global Navigation Satellite System Tropospheric Gradients F. Zus et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15215114
- LEO satellites simulation for GNSS tomography S. Makuch & W. Rohm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.008
- Use of Tropospheric Delay in GNSS-Based Climate Monitoring—A Review A. Maciejewska https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091501
- RSG-GAN: A GAN-Based Precipitation Nowcasting Model Integrating Radar QPE, GOES-16 SWD, and GNSS ZTDs C. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3587883
- Application of integrated GNSS tomography in observation study over the area of southern Poland A. Cegla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.07.059
- Assimilating Ground-Based and High-Dynamic Airborne GNSS Zenith Total Delays Into Numerical Weather Predictions Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3583462
- Assessing the Impact of GNSS ZTD Data Assimilation into the WRF Modeling System during High-Impact Rainfall Events over Greece C. Giannaros et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030383
- GNSS ground-based tomography: state-of-the-art and technological challenges S. Saxena & R. Dwivedi https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2023.2247526
- Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography E. Shehaj et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01903-9
- A new method for tropospheric tomography using GNSS and Fengyun-4A data M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106460
- Precipitable Water Content Climatology over Poland H. Ojrzyńska et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060988
- High-resolution GNSS troposphere tomography through explainable deep learning-based downscaling framework S. Haji-Aghajany et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00177-6
- A virtual-signal method for enhancing the efficacy of GNSS tropospheric tomography using artificial neural network technique M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-025-01935-4
- Tropospheric and range biases in Satellite Laser Ranging M. Drożdżewski & K. Sośnica https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01554-0
- An Investigation of Near Real-Time Water Vapor Tomography Modeling Using Multi-Source Data L. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050752
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- GNSS-Based Machine Learning Storm Nowcasting M. Łoś et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162536
- Applying principal components to analyze the distribution of model biases in GNSS tropospheric tomography for a case study in Northwestern Iran M. Mashhadi Hossainali & H. Tabatabaei https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01315-2
- Parameterisation of the GNSS troposphere tomography domain with optimisation of the nodes’ distribution E. Trzcina et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-022-01691-0
- An Improved Tropospheric Tomographic Model Based on Artificial Neural Network M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2023.3278302
- Fast Observation Operator for Global Navigation Satellite System Tropospheric Gradients F. Zus et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15215114
- LEO satellites simulation for GNSS tomography S. Makuch & W. Rohm https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.11.008
- Use of Tropospheric Delay in GNSS-Based Climate Monitoring—A Review A. Maciejewska https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17091501
- RSG-GAN: A GAN-Based Precipitation Nowcasting Model Integrating Radar QPE, GOES-16 SWD, and GNSS ZTDs C. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3587883
- Application of integrated GNSS tomography in observation study over the area of southern Poland A. Cegla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.07.059
- Assimilating Ground-Based and High-Dynamic Airborne GNSS Zenith Total Delays Into Numerical Weather Predictions Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3583462
- Assessing the Impact of GNSS ZTD Data Assimilation into the WRF Modeling System during High-Impact Rainfall Events over Greece C. Giannaros et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030383
- GNSS ground-based tomography: state-of-the-art and technological challenges S. Saxena & R. Dwivedi https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2023.2247526
- Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography E. Shehaj et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01903-9
- A new method for tropospheric tomography using GNSS and Fengyun-4A data M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106460
- Precipitable Water Content Climatology over Poland H. Ojrzyńska et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060988
- High-resolution GNSS troposphere tomography through explainable deep learning-based downscaling framework S. Haji-Aghajany et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43020-025-00177-6
- A virtual-signal method for enhancing the efficacy of GNSS tropospheric tomography using artificial neural network technique M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-025-01935-4
- Tropospheric and range biases in Satellite Laser Ranging M. Drożdżewski & K. Sośnica https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-021-01554-0
- An Investigation of Near Real-Time Water Vapor Tomography Modeling Using Multi-Source Data L. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050752
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jun 2026
Short summary
In the study, the potential of GNSS tomography as an important supplementary data source for numerical weather prediction models was examined. We used two GNSS tomography models (TUW, WUELS) in different configurations. The GNSS tomography outputs were assimilated into the WRF model using a radio occultation observations operator (non-standard approach). Promising results show improvement in the weather forecasting of relative humidity and temperature during heavy-precipitation events.
In the study, the potential of GNSS tomography as an important supplementary data source for...
