Articles | Volume 14, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1715-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1715-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Mar 2021
Research article |
| 02 Mar 2021
| 02 Mar 2021
A Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) for the middle atmosphere
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Natalie Kaifler
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra Across the Middle Atmosphere From Airborne Lidar Observations During the 2019 Southern Hemispheric SSW S. Knobloch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104357
- Comparison of Three Methodologies for Removal of Random‐Noise‐Induced Biases From Second‐Order Statistical Parameters of Lidar and Radar Measurements J. Jandreau & X. Chu https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002073
- Decadal variability in mid-atmosphere temperature derived from continuous lidar observations P. Da Costa Louro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106760
- Tethered balloon-borne rayleigh lidar (TBBRL) for middle atmosphere measurement X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109553
- Emulating lateral gravity wave propagation in a global chemistry–climate model (EMAC v2.55.2) through horizontal flux redistribution R. Eichinger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5561-2023
- Gravity‐Wave‐Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences Between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes S. Gisinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036270
- The Coexistence of Gravity Waves From Diverse Sources During a SOUTHTRAC Flight P. Alexander et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037276
- Proof of concept demonstration of a metastable helium fluorescence lidar for thermospheric wind and temperature measurements B. Kaifler & C. Geach https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.528925
- VAHCOLI, a new concept for lidars: technical setup, science applications, and first measurements F. Lübken & J. Höffner https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3815-2021
- Lidar measurements of noctilucent clouds at Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina N. Kaifler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14029-2024
- Energy-scaling of a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser and prototype development for a compact general-purpose Doppler lidar A. Munk et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.504567
- Limitations in wavelet analysis of non-stationary atmospheric gravity wave signatures in temperature profiles R. Reichert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4659-2024
- Non‐Orographic Gravity Waves and Turbulence Caused by Merging Jet Streams W. Woiwode et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038097
- Measurement Accuracy and Attitude Compensation of Rayleigh Lidar on an Airborne Floating Platform T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173308
- Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion K. Ohneiser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022
- High-spectral-resolution lidar for measuring tropospheric temperature profiles by means of Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.424526
- The ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar: status after 30 years of operation J. Fiedler & G. Baumgarten https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5841-2024
- Measurements of metastable helium in Earth’s atmosphere by resonance lidar B. Kaifler et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33751-6
- Oblique Propagation and Refraction of Gravity Waves Over the Andes Observed by GLORIA and ALIMA During the SouthTRAC Campaign L. Krasauskas et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037798
- Uncertainty Evaluation on Temperature Detection of Middle Atmosphere by Rayleigh Lidar X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143688
- Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences M. Geldenhuys et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036830
- High‐Cadence Lidar Observations of Middle Atmospheric Temperature and Gravity Waves at the Southern Andes Hot Spot R. Reichert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034683
- An Efficient and Robust Dual-Channel Signal Gluing Method for Atmospheric Lidar T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25185807
- Airborne coherent wind lidar measurements of the momentum flux profile from orographically induced gravity waves B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1087-2023
- Gluing Atmospheric Lidar Signals Based on an Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153812
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra Across the Middle Atmosphere From Airborne Lidar Observations During the 2019 Southern Hemispheric SSW S. Knobloch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104357
- Comparison of Three Methodologies for Removal of Random‐Noise‐Induced Biases From Second‐Order Statistical Parameters of Lidar and Radar Measurements J. Jandreau & X. Chu https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EA002073
- Decadal variability in mid-atmosphere temperature derived from continuous lidar observations P. Da Costa Louro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106760
- Tethered balloon-borne rayleigh lidar (TBBRL) for middle atmosphere measurement X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2025.109553
- Emulating lateral gravity wave propagation in a global chemistry–climate model (EMAC v2.55.2) through horizontal flux redistribution R. Eichinger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5561-2023
- Gravity‐Wave‐Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences Between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes S. Gisinger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036270
- The Coexistence of Gravity Waves From Diverse Sources During a SOUTHTRAC Flight P. Alexander et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037276
- Proof of concept demonstration of a metastable helium fluorescence lidar for thermospheric wind and temperature measurements B. Kaifler & C. Geach https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.528925
- VAHCOLI, a new concept for lidars: technical setup, science applications, and first measurements F. Lübken & J. Höffner https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3815-2021
- Lidar measurements of noctilucent clouds at Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina N. Kaifler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14029-2024
- Energy-scaling of a diode-pumped Alexandrite laser and prototype development for a compact general-purpose Doppler lidar A. Munk et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.504567
- Limitations in wavelet analysis of non-stationary atmospheric gravity wave signatures in temperature profiles R. Reichert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4659-2024
- Non‐Orographic Gravity Waves and Turbulence Caused by Merging Jet Streams W. Woiwode et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD038097
- Measurement Accuracy and Attitude Compensation of Rayleigh Lidar on an Airborne Floating Platform T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173308
- Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion K. Ohneiser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7417-2022
- High-spectral-resolution lidar for measuring tropospheric temperature profiles by means of Rayleigh–Brillouin scattering J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.424526
- The ALOMAR Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar: status after 30 years of operation J. Fiedler & G. Baumgarten https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5841-2024
- Measurements of metastable helium in Earth’s atmosphere by resonance lidar B. Kaifler et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33751-6
- Oblique Propagation and Refraction of Gravity Waves Over the Andes Observed by GLORIA and ALIMA During the SouthTRAC Campaign L. Krasauskas et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037798
- Uncertainty Evaluation on Temperature Detection of Middle Atmosphere by Rayleigh Lidar X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143688
- Observations of Gravity Wave Refraction and Its Causes and Consequences M. Geldenhuys et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036830
- High‐Cadence Lidar Observations of Middle Atmospheric Temperature and Gravity Waves at the Southern Andes Hot Spot R. Reichert et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034683
- An Efficient and Robust Dual-Channel Signal Gluing Method for Atmospheric Lidar T. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25185807
- Airborne coherent wind lidar measurements of the momentum flux profile from orographically induced gravity waves B. Witschas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1087-2023
- Gluing Atmospheric Lidar Signals Based on an Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer S. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153812
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Aug 2026
Short summary
This paper describes the Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL), which is the first lidar instrument to make fully automatic high-resolution measurements of atmospheric density and temperature between 15 and 90 km altitude. CORAL achieves a much larger measurement cadence than conventional lidars and thus facilitates studies of rare atmospheric phenomena.
This paper describes the Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL), which is the first lidar...
