Airborne measurements of oxygen concentration from the surface to the lower stratosphere and pole to pole

Stephens, Britton B.; Morgan, Eric J.; Bent, Jonathan D.; Keeling, Ralph F.; Watt, Andrew S.; Shertz, Stephen R.; Daube, Bruce C.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021

Articles | Volume 14, issue 3

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021

© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 14, issue 3

Research article

| Highlight paper

|

01 Apr 2021

Research article | Highlight paper |

| 01 Apr 2021

Airborne measurements of oxygen concentration from the surface to the lower stratosphere and pole to pole

Britton B. Stephens, Eric J. Morgan, Jonathan D. Bent, Ralph F. Keeling, Andrew S. Watt, Stephen R. Shertz, and Bruce C. Daube

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2543-2021-supplement

Data sets

ARISTO-2015 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 1.0 Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Keeling, R., Morgan, E., and Afshar, S. https://doi.org/10.26023/PPR2-97CQ-N106

ORCAS Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Keeling, R., Morgan, E., and Afshar, S. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6N29VC6

HIPPO-1 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6J38QVV

HIPPO-2 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D65Q4TF0

HIPPO-3 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D67H1GXJ

HIPPO-4 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D679431D

HIPPO-5 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6WW7G0D

START-08 Airborne Oxygen Instrument. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6DJ5CZ5

L2 In Situ Measurements from the NCAR Airborne Oxygen Instrument (AO2), V2, ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Stephens, B., Morgan, E., Watt, A., Bent, J., Afshar, S., Keeling, R., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1880

HIPPO-1 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/J0VT-J67P-330R

HIPPO-1 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/4NM6-3MPG-WC14

HIPPO-2 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/30T9-FZ21-4G04

HIPPO-2 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/P4PE-KKYS-FZ07

HIPPO-3 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/MYW6-DQQ6-PZ0R

HIPPO-3 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/GA02-K0FR-C10M

HIPPO-4 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/XQW5-YHPP-XG0M

HIPPO-4 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/FF65-2RZM-ZB00

HIPPO-5 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/R8JN-Z3TG-2E0N

HIPPO-5 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/X9KY-CK34-VR10

START-08 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 1.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/AWHD-19RV-GC14

START-08 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 1.0 Keeling, R., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Shertz, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/CS11-P31Q-V713

ATom: L2 Measurements from Medusa Whole Air Sampler (Medusa), Version 2, ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Morgan, E., Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Afshar, S., Paplawsky, W., and Keeling, R. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1881

ORCAS Medusa Flask Sampler Flask Data. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Keeling, R., Morgan, E., Afshar, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6H130FW

ORCAS Medusa Flask Sampler Kernel Data. Version 2.0 Stephens, B., Bent, J., Watt, A., Keeling, R., Morgan, E., Afshar, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6MS3R6C

ARISTO-2015 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Flask Data. Version 1.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Morgan, E., Afshar, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/PV4Q-2XBJ-670C

ARISTO-2015 Multiple Enclosure Device for Unfractionated Sampling of Air (MEDUSA) Kernel Data. Version 1.0 Stephens, B., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Watt, A., Morgan, E., Afshar, S., and Paplawsky, W. https://doi.org/10.26023/2H6N-AZ1Y-N04

Merged Selected GV Low Rate Flight-Level and Instrument Data and Interpolated GFS Analysis Variables. Version 1.0 UCAR/NCAR -- Earth Observing Laboratory https://doi.org/10.5065/D61834TJ

HIPPO Merged 10-Second Meteorology, Atmospheric Chemistry, and Aerosol Data. Version 1.0 Wofsy, S. C., Fisher, J., Pickett-Heaps, C., Wang, H., Wecht, K., Wang, Q., Stephens, B., Shertz, S., Watt, A., Romashkin, P., Campos, T., Haggerty, J., Cooper, W., Rogers, D., Beaton, S., Hendershot, R., Elkins, J., Fahey, D., Gao, R., Schwarz, J., Moore, F., Montzka, S., Perring, A., Hurst, D., Miller, B., Sweeney, C., Oltmans, S., Hintsa, E., Nance, D., Dutton, G., Watts, L., Spackman, J., Rosenlof, K., Ray, E., Hall, B., Zondlo, M., Diao, M., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Atlas, E., Lueb, R. and Mahoney, M. J. https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/HIPPO_010

HIPPO MEDUSA Flask Sample Trace Gas And Isotope Data. Version 1.0 Wofsy, S., Fisher, J., Pickett-Heaps, C., Wang, H., Wecht, K., Wang, Q., Stephens, B., Shertz, S., Watt, A., Romashkin, P., Campos, T., Haggerty, J., Cooper, W., Rogers, D., Beaton, S., Hendershot, R., Elkins, J., Fahey, D., Gao, R., Moore, F., Montzka, S., Schwarz, J., Perring, A., Hurst, D., Miller, B., Sweeney, C., Oltmans, S., Nance, D., Hintsa, E., Dutton, G., Watts, L., Spackman, J., Rosenlof, K., Ray, E., Hall, B., Zondlo, M., Diao, M., Keeling, R., Bent, J., Atlas, E., Lueb, R. and Mahoney, M. J. https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/HIPPO_014

ORCAS Merge Products. Version 1.0 Stephens, B. https://doi.org/10.5065/D6SB445X

ATom: Merged Atmospheric Chemistry, Trace Gases, and Aerosols, ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Wofsy, S. C., Afshar, S., Allen, H. M., Apel, E. C., Asher, E. C., Barletta, B., Bent, J., Bian, H., Biggs, B. C., Blake, D. R., Blake, N., Bourgeois, I., Brock, C. A., Brune, W. H., Budney, J. W., Bui, T. P., Butler, A., Campuzano-Jost, P., Chang, C. S., Chin, M., Commane, R., Correa, G., Crounse, J. D., Cullis, P. D., Daube, B. C., Day, D. A., Dean-Day, J. M., Dibb, J. E., DiGangi, J. P., Diskin, G. S., Dollner, M., Elkins, J. W., Erdesz, F., Fiore, A. M., Flynn, C. M., Froyd, K. D., Gesler, D. W., Hall, S. R., Hanisco, T. F., Hannun, R. A., Hills, A. J., Hintsa, E. J., Hoffman, A., Hornbrook, R. S., Huey, L. G., Hughes, S., Jimenez, J. L., Johnson, B. J., Katich, J. M., Keeling, R. F., Kim, M. J., Kupc, A., Lait, L. R., Lamarque, J.-F., Liu, J., McKain, K., Mclaughlin, R. J., Meinardi, S., Miller, D. O., Montzka, S. A., Moore, F. L., Morgan, E. J., Murphy, D. M., Murray, L. T., Nault, B. A., Neuman, J. A., Newman, P. A., Nicely, J. M., Pan, X., Paplawsky, W., Peischl, J., Prather, M. J., Price, D. J., Ray, E. A., Reeves, J. M., Richardson, M., Rollins, A. W., Rosenlof, K. H., Ryerson, T. B., Scheuer, E., Schill, G. P., Schroder, J. C., Schwarz, J. P., St.Clair, J. M., Steenrod, S. D., Stephens, B. B., Strode, S. A., Sweeney, C., Tanner, D., Teng, A. P., Thames, A. B., Thompson, C. R., Ullmann, K., Veres, P. R., Vieznor, N., Wagner, N. L., Watt, A., Weber, R., Weinzierl, B., Wennberg, P. O., Williamson, C. J., Wilson, J. C., Wolfe, G. M., Woods, C. T., and Zeng, L. H. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1581

Short summary

We describe methods used to make high-precision global-scale airborne measurements of atmospheric oxygen concentrations over a period of 20 years in order to study the global carbon cycle. Our techniques include an in situ vacuum ultraviolet absorption instrument and a pressure- and flow-controlled, cryogenically dried, glass flask sampler. We have deployed these instruments in 15 airborne research campaigns spanning from the Earth’s surface to the lower stratosphere and from pole to pole.