Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3783-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3783-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Jun 2024
Research article |
| 25 Jun 2024
| 25 Jun 2024
Evaluation of the hyperspectral radiometer (HSR1) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA
Laura D. Riihimaki
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA
John Wood
Peak Design Ltd, Sunnybank House, Wensley Rd, Winster, Derbyshire, DE4 2DH, UK
Connor Flynn
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
Adam Theisen
Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
Michael Ritsche
Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
Lynn Ma
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
Gary B. Hodges
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA
Christian Herrera
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Margherita Costanzo, Vittorio Ernesto Brando, Federico Falcini, Christian Marchese, Luis Gonzalez Vilas, Emmanuel Boss, David Doxaran, Paola Potin, Stefan Simis, Tom Jordan, John Wood, Chiara Santinelli, Giancarlo Bachi, Giovanni Checcucci, Claudia Tropea, Marco Carloni, Mirco Guerrazzi, Silvia Valsecchi, Valtere Evangelista, Marie Helene Rio, Javier Alonso Concha, Paola Bertucci, Colomban de Vargas, Victor Martinez-Vicente, and the Tara Europa Team, the TREC-Tara Europa Operation and Management Team, and the TREC Consortium Coordinators
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-623, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2026-623, 2026
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Qualcosa del genere potrebbe andare?: As part of the Traversing European Coastlines research program, the HyperBOOST (Hyperspectral Bio-Optical Observations Sailing on Tara) team collected an unprecedented dataset of optical and biogeochemical measurements during the Tara Europa Expedition. Covering diverse European coastal environments, this resource will improve satellite observations, support the development of new bio-optical models, and advance research on coastal marine ecosystems.
Jessie M. Creamean, Darielle Dexheimer, Carson C. Hume, Maria Vazquez, Benjamin T. M. Hess, Casey M. Longbottom, Carlos A. Ruiz, and Adam K. Theisen
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 4601–4615, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4601-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-4601-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
PUFIN (Profiling Upper altitudes For Ice Nucleation) is a lightweight sampler flown on the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement user facility’s tethered balloons to measure ice nucleating particles at multiple altitudes. Deployments in Maryland and Alabama show it can detect low concentrations in under an hour and capture changes with height. All data are publicly available, and future flights will help track seasonal and vertical patterns of these unique particles.
Christopher R. Oxford, Haihui Zhu, Maya Mehrotra, Xuan Liu, Yuxuan Ren, Maya Arnott, Isaac Abionum Adimula, Taiye Benjamin Ajibolataiye, Clement Akoshile, Omar Amador-Munoz, Araya Asfaw, Rachel Ying-Wen Chang, Sagnik Dey, Ann M. Dillner, David J. Diner, Connor J. Flynn, Diana Francis, Paterne Gahungu, Rebecca M. Garland, Michel Grutter, Sina Hasheminassab, Fahad Imam, Jhoon Kim, Kristy Langerman, Pei-Chen Lee, Puji Lestari, Po-Hsiung Lin, S. Marcela Loria-Salazar, Tesfaye Mamo, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Mogesh Naidoo, Narendra Nelli, Sang Seo Park, Abdus Salam, Bighnaraj Sarangi, Trailokya Saud, Robyn Schofield, Yoav Schechner, Sachchida N. Tripathi, Emily K. West, Eli Windwer, Ming-Tsang Wu, Qiang Zhang, Michael Brauer, Yinon Rudich, Jay R. Turner, and Randall V. Martin
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3224, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3224, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
A high-sensitivity balance, controlled temperature and relative humidity chamber, and filter samples collected around the world were used to develop a mass as a function of relative humidity relationship. We subsequently measured the chemical composition of these same samples. A relationship between the chemical composition and water mass was created and used to calculate aerosol water content showing how composition and water content varies worldwide.
Min Deng, Scott Giangrande, Adam K. Theisen, Karen Johnson, Iosif A. Lindenmaier, Timothy G. Wendler, Jennifer Comstock, Marquette Rocque, Zeen Zhu, and Alyssa Matthews
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3304, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3304, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cloud radars are used to measure air motion, clouds, and precipitation, but small pointing errors can reduce their accuracy. We developed a method to detect these errors using routine weather balloon observations. Tests with several radar systems in different environments showed that the method can identify small but important pointing biases, helping improve the accuracy and long-term consistency of weather and climate observations.
Jonas Witthuhn, Hartwig Deneke, Andreas Macke, Oscar Ritter, Jens Redemann, Connor J. Flynn, Abdulamid A. Fakoya, Bradley F. Lamkin, Emily D. Lenhardt, Logan T. Mitchell, Emily K. West, David M. Romps, Rusen Öktem, and Heike Kalesse-Los
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 5727–5745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5727-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-5727-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines how solar irradiance changes when sunlight passes from clear sky into cloud shadows, focusing on 3‑D radiative effects of shallow cumulus clouds. Using data from a dense pyranometer network and cloud masks from cameras we found that irradiance can rise up to 20 % above clear‑sky levels near cloud edges. Key drivers include sun‑cloud geometry and microphysical cloud properties. The results highlight the need to incorporate such 3‑D effects in atmospheric models.
Logan T. Mitchell, Connor J. Flynn, Kristina Pistone, Samuel E. LeBlanc, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Hong Chen, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, and Jens Redemann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1418, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
During 2016–2018, NASA conducted an airborne field campaign over the Southeast Atlantic Ocean to study biomass burning aerosols emitted from Southern African fires. We have found that aerosol scattering increases over the course of the emission season, which is due to a compositional change within black carbon as the source fires shift southeastward, rather than an increase in brown carbon. This aerosol brightening is also noted within a 30-year aerosol climatology from ground-based stations.
Simone Pulimeno, Angelo Lupi, Vito Vitale, Claudia Frangipani, Carlos Toledano, Stelios Kazadzis, Natalia Kouremeti, Christoph Ritter, Sandra Graßl, Kerstin Stebel, Vitali Fioletov, Ihab Abboud, Sandra Blindheim, Lynn Ma, Norm O'Neill, Piotr Sobolewski, Pawan Gupta, Elena Lind, Thomas F. Eck, Antti Hyvärinen, Veijo Aaltonen, Rigel Kivi, Janae Csavina, Dmitry Kabanov, Sergey M. Sakerin, Olga R. Sidorova, Robert S. Stone, Hagen Telg, Laura Riihimaki, Raul R. Cordero, Martin Radenz, Ronny Engelmann, Michel Van Roozendal, Anatoli Chaikovsky, Philippe Goloub, Junji Hisamitsu, and Mauro Mazzola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1809–1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1809-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1809-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed aerosols optical properties over the Arctic and Antarctic to measure them even during long periods of darkness. It found that pollution in the Arctic is decreasing, likely due to European emission regulations, while wildfires are becoming a more important source of particles. In Antarctica, particle levels are higher near the coast than inland, and vary by season. These results help us better understand how air pollution and climate are changing at the Earth’s poles.
Israel Silber, Jennifer M. Comstock, Adam K. Theisen, Michael R. Kieburtz, Zeen Zhu, and Jenni Kyrouac
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 485–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-485-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-485-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We present PrecipBE, a multi-instrument precipitation event best-estimate data product developed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility, providing time series and tabular statistics of events, which could help advance model evaluation and cloud-process studies. We demonstrate PrecipBE's utilization with a brief 30-year trend analysis of ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site data, suggesting shorter, less intense events, but rising annual rainfall, driven by rare extremes.
Jessie M. Creamean, Carson C. Hume, Maria Vazquez, and Adam Theisen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 6943–6963, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6943-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6943-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a comprehensive, publicly available ice nucleating particles (INP) dataset from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility across diverse environments, including Arctic, agricultural, urban, marine, and mountainous sites. Samples are collected via fixed and mobile platforms and processed using a standardized pipeline. The dataset supports observational and modelling analyses of seasonal, spatial, and compositional variability in INPs.
Kaiden Sookdar, Scott E. Giangrande, John Rausch, Lihong Ma, Meng Wang, Dié Wang, Michael P. Jensen, Ching-Shu Hung, and J. Christine Chiu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6271–6289, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6271-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6271-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Photometer observations of stratocumulus cloud properties are evaluated for a multiyear archive. Retrievals for cloud optical depth, cloud droplet effective radius, and liquid water path show solid agreement with collocated references. Continental stratocumulus clouds sorted by cloud thickness indicate double the cloud optical depth and liquid water path of their marine counterparts, while exhibiting similar bulk cloud droplet effective radius.
Logan T. Mitchell, Connor J. Flynn, Kristina Pistone, Samuel E. LeBlanc, K. Sebastian Schmidt, and Jens Redemann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5303–5313, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5303-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5303-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
During 2016–2018, NASA conducted an airborne field campaign over the Southeast Atlantic Ocean to study biomass burning aerosols emitted from Southern African fires. These aerosols then interact with stratocumulus clouds over the Southeast Atlantic, which is difficult for climate models to account for. Our instrument, 4STAR, determines aerosol radiative properties. A dataset was already created for 2016, but additional quality control was required to address instrument issues for 2017 and 2018.
Ryan C. Sullivan, David P. Billesbach, Sebastien Biraud, Stephen Chan, Richard Hart, Evan Keeler, Jenni Kyrouac, Sujan Pal, Mikhail Pekour, Sara L. Sullivan, Adam Theisen, Matt Tuftedal, and David R. Cook
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 17, 5007–5038, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5007-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5007-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Turbulent fluxes quantify the exchange of energy, water, or trace gases into and out of the atmosphere. The U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement user facility has been making atmospheric measurements since the early 1990s, including measurements of turbulent fluxes using two well-established methods: the energy balance Bowen ratio and eddy covariance. This paper documents key aspects of these datasets, including their history, changes through time, and best use practices.
Abdulamid A. Fakoya, Jens Redemann, Pablo E. Saide, Lan Gao, Logan T. Mitchell, Calvin Howes, Amie Dobracki, Ian Chang, Gonzalo A. Ferrada, Kristina Pistone, Samuel E. Leblanc, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Thomas Eck, Brent Holben, Pawan Gupta, Elena Lind, Paquita Zuidema, Gregory Carmichael, and Connor J. Flynn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7879–7902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7879-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7879-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Tiny atmospheric particles from wildfire smoke impact the climate by interacting with sunlight and clouds, the extent of which is uncertain due to gaps in understanding how smoke changes over time. We developed a new method using remote sensing instruments to track how these particles evolve during atmospheric transport. Our results show that the ability of these particles to absorb sunlight increases as they travel. This discovery could help improve predictions of future climate scenarios.
Evgueni Kassianov, Connor J. Flynn, James C. Barnard, Brian D. Ermold, and Jennifer M. Comstock
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 4997–5013, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4997-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4997-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Conventional ground-based radiometers commonly measure solar radiation at a few wavelengths within a narrow spectral range. These limitations prevent improved retrievals of aerosol, cloud, and surface characteristics. To address these limitations, an advanced ground-based radiometer with expanded spectral coverage and hyperspectral capability is introduced. Its good performance is demonstrated using reference data collected over three coastal regions with diverse types of aerosols and clouds.
Hiren T. Jethva, Omar Torres, Richard A. Ferrare, Sharon P. Burton, Anthony L. Cook, David B. Harper, Chris A. Hostetler, Jens Redemann, Vinay Kayetha, Samuel LeBlanc, Kristina Pistone, Logan Mitchell, and Connor J. Flynn
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 2335–2366, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2335-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-2335-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a novel synergy algorithm applied to ORALCES airborne measurements of above-cloud aerosol optical depth and UV–Vis satellite observations from OMI and MODIS to retrieve spectral aerosol single-scattering albedo of lofted layers of carbonaceous smoke aerosols over clouds. The development of the proposed aerosol–cloud algorithm implies a possible synergy of CALIOP and OMI–MODIS passive sensors to deduce a global product of AOD and SSA of absorbing aerosols above clouds.
Ian Chang, Lan Gao, Connor J. Flynn, Yohei Shinozuka, Sarah J. Doherty, Michael S. Diamond, Karla M. Longo, Gonzalo A. Ferrada, Gregory R. Carmichael, Patricia Castellanos, Arlindo M. da Silva, Pablo E. Saide, Calvin Howes, Zhixin Xue, Marc Mallet, Ravi Govindaraju, Qiaoqiao Wang, Yafang Cheng, Yan Feng, Sharon P. Burton, Richard A. Ferrare, Samuel E. LeBlanc, Meloë S. Kacenelenbogen, Kristina Pistone, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Kerry G. Meyer, Ju-Mee Ryoo, Leonhard Pfister, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Robert Wood, Paquita Zuidema, Sundar A. Christopher, and Jens Redemann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4283–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4283-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4283-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Abundant aerosols are present above low-level liquid clouds over the southeastern Atlantic during late austral spring. The model simulation differences in the proportion of aerosol residing in the planetary boundary layer and in the free troposphere can greatly affect the regional aerosol radiative effects. This study examines the aerosol loading and fractional aerosol loading in the free troposphere among various models and evaluates them against measurements from the NASA ORACLES campaign.
Francesca Gallo, Janek Uin, Kevin J. Sanchez, Richard H. Moore, Jian Wang, Robert Wood, Fan Mei, Connor Flynn, Stephen Springston, Eduardo B. Azevedo, Chongai Kuang, and Allison C. Aiken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4221–4246, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4221-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a summary statistic of multiday aerosol plume transport event influences on aerosol physical properties and the cloud condensation nuclei budget at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Facility in the eastern North Atlantic (ENA). An algorithm that integrates aerosol properties is developed and applied to identify multiday aerosol transport events. The influence of the aerosol plumes on aerosol populations at the ENA is successively assessed.
Ruhi S. Humphries, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward, James Harnwell, Simon P. Alexander, Andrew R. Klekociuk, Keiichiro Hara, Ian M. McRobert, Alain Protat, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, Branka Miljevic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Robyn Schofield, Stephen R. Wilson, Connor J. Flynn, Gourihar R. Kulkarni, Gerald G. Mace, Greg M. McFarquhar, Scott D. Chambers, Alastair G. Williams, and Alan D. Griffiths
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3749–3777, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural baseline from which climate simulations are calculated. Here we present recent seasonal observations of aerosols from the Southern Ocean and contrast them with measurements from Antarctica, Australia and regionally relevant voyages. Strong seasonal cycles persist, but striking differences occur at different latitudes. This study highlights the need for more long-term observations in remote regions.
Paul A. Barrett, Steven J. Abel, Hugh Coe, Ian Crawford, Amie Dobracki, James Haywood, Steve Howell, Anthony Jones, Justin Langridge, Greg M. McFarquhar, Graeme J. Nott, Hannah Price, Jens Redemann, Yohei Shinozuka, Kate Szpek, Jonathan W. Taylor, Robert Wood, Huihui Wu, Paquita Zuidema, Stéphane Bauguitte, Ryan Bennett, Keith Bower, Hong Chen, Sabrina Cochrane, Michael Cotterell, Nicholas Davies, David Delene, Connor Flynn, Andrew Freedman, Steffen Freitag, Siddhant Gupta, David Noone, Timothy B. Onasch, James Podolske, Michael R. Poellot, Sebastian Schmidt, Stephen Springston, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Jamie Trembath, Alan Vance, Maria A. Zawadowicz, and Jianhao Zhang
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6329–6371, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6329-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6329-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To better understand weather and climate, it is vital to go into the field and collect observations. Often measurements take place in isolation, but here we compared data from two aircraft and one ground-based site. This was done in order to understand how well measurements made on one platform compared to those made on another. Whilst this is easy to do in a controlled laboratory setting, it is more challenging in the real world, and so these comparisons are as valuable as they are rare.
Samuel E. LeBlanc, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Jens Redemann, Connor Flynn, Roy R. Johnson, Stephen E. Dunagan, Robert Dahlgren, Jhoon Kim, Myungje Choi, Arlindo da Silva, Patricia Castellanos, Qian Tan, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth Lee Thornhill, and Meloë Kacenelenbogen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11275–11304, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11275-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11275-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Airborne observations of atmospheric particles and pollution over Korea during a field campaign in May–June 2016 showed that the smallest atmospheric particles are present in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere. The aerosol size is more spatially variable than optical thickness. We show this with remote sensing (4STAR), in situ (LARGE) observations, satellite measurements (GOCI), and modeled properties (MERRA-2), and it is contrary to the current understanding.
Haochi Che, Michal Segal-Rozenhaimer, Lu Zhang, Caroline Dang, Paquita Zuidema, Arthur J. Sedlacek III, Xiaoye Zhang, and Connor Flynn
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8767–8785, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8767-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8767-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 17-month in situ study on Ascension Island found low single-scattering albedo and strong absorption enhancement of the marine boundary layer aerosols during biomass burnings on the African continent, along with apparent patterns of regular monthly variability. We further discuss the characteristics and drivers behind these changes and find that biomass burning conditions in Africa may be the main factor influencing the optical properties of marine boundary aerosols.
James B. Duncan Jr., Laura Bianco, Bianca Adler, Tyler Bell, Irina V. Djalalova, Laura Riihimaki, Joseph Sedlar, Elizabeth N. Smith, David D. Turner, Timothy J. Wagner, and James M. Wilczak
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2479–2502, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, several ground-based remote sensing instruments are used to estimate the height of the convective planetary boundary layer, and their performance is compared against independent boundary layer depth estimates obtained from radiosondes launched as part of the CHEESEHEAD19 field campaign. The impact of clouds (particularly boundary layer clouds) on the estimation of the boundary layer depth is also investigated.
Matthew S. Norgren, John Wood, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Bastiaan van Diedenhoven, Snorre A. Stamnes, Luke D. Ziemba, Ewan C. Crosbie, Michael A. Shook, A. Scott Kittelman, Samuel E. LeBlanc, Stephen Broccardo, Steffen Freitag, and Jeffrey S. Reid
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1373–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1373-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1373-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new spectral instrument (SPN-S), with the ability to partition solar radiation into direct and diffuse components, is used in airborne settings to study the optical properties of aerosols and cirrus. It is a low-cost and mechanically simple system but has higher measurement uncertainty than existing standards. This challenge is overcome by utilizing the unique measurement capabilities to develop new retrieval techniques. Validation is done with data from two NASA airborne research campaigns.
Sabrina P. Cochrane, K. Sebastian Schmidt, Hong Chen, Peter Pilewskie, Scott Kittelman, Jens Redemann, Samuel LeBlanc, Kristina Pistone, Michal Segal Rozenhaimer, Meloë Kacenelenbogen, Yohei Shinozuka, Connor Flynn, Rich Ferrare, Sharon Burton, Chris Hostetler, Marc Mallet, and Paquita Zuidema
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 61–77, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-61-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-61-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work presents heating rates derived from aircraft observations from the 2016 and 2017 field campaigns of ORACLES (ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS). We separate the total heating rates into aerosol and gas (primarily water vapor) absorption and explore some of the co-variability of heating rate profiles and their primary drivers, leading to the development of a new concept: the heating rate efficiency (HRE; the heating rate per unit aerosol extinction).
Cited articles
Alexandrov, M. D., Lacis, A. A., Carlson, B. E., and Cairns, B.: Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols and trace gases by means of multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Part I: Retrieval algorithm, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 524–543, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0524:RSOAAA>2.0.CO;2, 2002a.
Alexandrov, M. D., Lacis, A. A., Carlson, B. E., and Cairns, B.: Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols and trace gases by means of multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer. Part II: Climatological applications, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 544–566, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0544:RSOAAA>2.0.CO;2, 2002b.
Andreas, A., Dooraghi, M., Habte, A., Kutchenreiter, M., Reda, I., and Sangupta, M.: Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS), Sky Radiation (SKYRAD), Ground Radiation (GNDRAD), and Broadband Radiometer Station (BRS) Instrument Handbook, edited by: Stafford, R., ARM Climate Research Facility, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-025, https://doi.org/10.2172/1432706, 2018.
ARM user facility: Hyperspectral radiometer (HSR1), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1888171, 2022.
Badosa, J., Wood, J., Blanc, P., Long, C. N., Vuilleumier, L., Demengel, D., and Haeffelin, M.: Solar irradiances measured using SPN1 radiometers: uncertainties and clues for development, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4267–4283, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4267-2014, 2014.
Chan, S. W. and Biraud, S. C.: Carbon Dioxide Flux Measurement System (CO2FLX) Instrument Handbook, edited by: Stafford, R., U.S. Department of Energy. DOE/SC-ARM/TR-048, https://doi.org/10.2172/1020279, 2022.
Ermold, B.: Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1874262, 2004.
Ermold, B., Flynn, C. J., and Barnard, J.: Aerosol Optical Depth Value-Added Product for the SAS-He Instrument, Version 1.0. U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, DOE/SC-ARM/TR-133, https://doi.org/10.2172/1226568, 2013.
Flynn, C. J.: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer–Hemispheric (SASHe) Instrument Handbook, edited by: Stafford, R., DOE ARM Climate Research Facility, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-172, https://doi.org/10.2172/1251414, 2016.
García-Cabrera, R. D., Cuevas-Agulló, E., Barreto, Á., Cachorro, V. E., Pó, M., Ramos, R., and Hoogendijk, K.: Aerosol retrievals from the EKO MS-711 spectral direct irradiance measurements and corrections of the circumsolar radiation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 2601–2621, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2601-2020, 2020.
Giles, D. M., Sinyuk, A., Sorokin, M. G., Schafer, J. S., Smirnov, A., Slutsker, I., Eck, T. F., Holben, B. N., Lewis, J. R., Campbell, J. R., Welton, E. J., Korkin, S. V., and Lyapustin, A. I.: Advancements in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Version 3 database – automated near-real-time quality control algorithm with improved cloud screening for Sun photometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 169–209, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-169-2019, 2019.
Gregory, L., Sivaraman, C., Ma, L., and Wagener, R.: Sunphotometer (CSPHOTAODFILTQAV3), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1461660, 1994.
Gueymard, C. A.: The sun's total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models, Sol. Energy, 76, 423–453, https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOLENER.2003.08.039, 2004.
Hansen, J. E. and Travis, L. D.: Light scattering in planetary atmospheres, Space Sci. Rev., 16, 527–610, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168069, 1974.
Harrison, L. and Michalsky, J.: Objective algorithms for the retrieval of optical depths from ground-based measurements, Appl. Optics, 33, 5126–5132, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.005126, 1994.
Harrison, L., Michalsky, J., and Berndt, J.: Automated multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer: an instrument for optical depth and radiation measurements, Appl. Optics, 33, 5118–5125, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.005118, 1994.
Harrison, L., Beauharnois, M., Berndt, J., Kiedron, P., Michalsky, J., and Min, Q.: The rotating shadowband spectroradiometer (RSS) at SGP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1715–1718, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900328, 1999.
Hodges, G. B. and Michalsky, J. J.: Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), Multifilter Radiometer (MFR), and Normal Incidence Multifilter Radiometer (NIMFR) Instrument Handbook, edited by: Stafford, R., DOE ARM Climate Research Facility, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-144, https://doi.org/10.2172/1251387, 2016.
Holben, B. N., Eck, T. F., Slutsker, I., Tanré, D., Buis, J. P., Setzer, A., Vermote, E., Reagan, J. A., Kaufman, Y. J., Nakajima, T., Lavenu, F., Jankowiak, I., and Smirnov, A.: AERONET – A Federated Instrument Network and Data Archive for Aerosol Characterization, Remote Sens. Environ., 66, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00031-5, 1998.
Kasten, F. and Young, A. T.: Revised optical air mass tables and approximation formula, Appl. Optics, 28, 4735–4738, https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.28.004735, 1989.
Koontz, A., Hodges, G., Barnard, J., Flynn, C., and Michalsky, J.: Aerosol Optical Depth Value-Added Product Report, U.S. Department of Energy, DOE/SC-ARM/TR-129, https://doi.org/10.2172/1092419, 2013.
Koontz, A., Biraud, S., and Chan, S.: Carbon Dioxide Flux Measurement Systems (CO2FLXRAD4M), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1313017, 2016.
Levelt, P. F., Joiner, J., Tamminen, J., Veefkind, J. P., Bhartia, P. K., Stein Zweers, D. C., Duncan, B. N., Streets, D. G., Eskes, H., van der A, R., McLinden, C., Fioletov, V., Carn, S., de Laat, J., DeLand, M., Marchenko, S., McPeters, R., Ziemke, J., Fu, D., Liu, X., Pickering, K., Apituley, A., González Abad, G., Arola, A., Boersma, F., Chan Miller, C., Chance, K., de Graaf, M., Hakkarainen, J., Hassinen, S., Ialongo, I., Kleipool, Q., Krotkov, N., Li, C., Lamsal, L., Newman, P., Nowlan, C., Suleiman, R., Tilstra, L. G., Torres, O., Wang, H., and Wargan, K.: The Ozone Monitoring Instrument: overview of 14 years in space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5699–5745, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018, 2018.
Long, C. N. and Ackerman, T. P.: Identification of clear skies from broadband pyranometer measurements and calculation of downwelling shortwave cloud effects, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 15609–15626, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900077, 2000.
Long, C. N., Ackerman, T. P., Gaustad, K. L., and Cole, J. N. S.: Estimation of fractional sky cover from broadband shortwave radiometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, 11204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD006475, 2006.
McComiskey, A. and Ferrare, R. A.: Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties and Processes in the ARM Program, Meteor. Mon., 57, 21.1–21.17, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0028.1, 2016.
Michalsky, J. J. and Kiedron, P. W.: Moderate spectral resolution solar irradiance measurements, aerosol optical depth, and solar transmission, from 360 to 1070 nm, using the refurbished rotating shadow band spectroradiometer (RSS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 353–364, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-353-2022, 2022.
Michalsky, J. J. and Long, C. N.: ARM Solar and Infrared Broadband and Filter Radiometry, Meteor. Mon., 57, 16.1–16.15, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0031.1, 2016.
Michalsky, J. J., Liljegren, J. C., and Harrison, L. C.: A comparison of Sun photometer derivations of total column water vapor and ozone to standard measures of same at the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 100, 25995–26003, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JD02706, 1995.
Min, Q., Wang, T., Long, C. N., and Duan, M.: Estimating fractional sky cover from spectral measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D20208, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010278, 2008.
Mõttus, M., Sulev, M., Baret, F., Lopez-Lozano, R., and Reinart, A.: Photosynthetically Active Radiation: Measurement and Modeling, in: Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, edited by: Meyers, R. A., Springer, New York, 7902–7932, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_451, 2012.
Norgren, M. S., Wood, J., Schmidt, K. S., van Diedenhoven, B., Stamnes, S. A., Ziemba, L. D., Crosbie, E. C., Shook, M. A., Kittelman, A. S., LeBlanc, S. E., Broccardo, S., Freitag, S., and Reid, J. S.: Above-aircraft cirrus cloud and aerosol optical depth from hyperspectral irradiances measured by a total-diffuse radiometer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 1373–1394, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1373-2022, 2022.
Riihimaki, L., Zhang, D., and Gaustad, K.: Radiative Flux Analysis (RADFLUX1LONG), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1395159, 2020.
Riihimaki, L. D., Gaustad, K. L., and Long, C. N.: Radiative Flux Analysis (RADFLUXANAL) Value-Added Product: Retrieval of Clear-Sky Broadband Radiative Fluxes and Other Derived Values, edited by: Stafford, R., ARM user facility, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-228, https://doi.org/10.2172/1569477, 2019.
Riihimaki, L. D., Flynn, C., McComiskey, A., Lubin, D., Blanchard, Y., Chiu, J. C., Feingold, G., Feldman, D. R., Gristey, J. J., Herrera, C., Hodges, G., Kassianov, E., LeBlanc, S. E., Marshak, A., Michalsky, J. J., Pilewskie, P., Schmidt, S., Scott, R. C., Shea, Y., Thome, K., Wagener, R., and Wielicki, B.: The Shortwave Spectral Radiometer for Atmospheric Science: Capabilities and Applications from the ARM User Facility, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 102, E539–E554, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0227.1, 2021.
Shippert, T. and Shilling, J.: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Derived from MFRSR Measurements (MFRSR7NCHAOD1MICH), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility [data set], https://doi.org/10.5439/1756632, 2021.
Turner, D. D., Mlawer, E. J., and Revercomb, H. E.: Water Vapor Observations in the ARM Program, Meteor. Mon., 57, 13.1–13.18, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0025.1, 2016.
Wang, T. and Min, Q.: Retrieving optical depths of optically thin and mixed-phase clouds from MFRSR measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D19203, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009958, 2008.
Wood, J. G.: Solar Radiation Sensor, European patent EP1012633 filed 4 September 1998, International patent WO 1999/013359, 18 March 1999.
Wood, J., Smyth, T. J., and Estellés, V.: Autonomous marine hyperspectral radiometers for determining solar irradiances and aerosol optical properties, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1723–1737, https://doi.org/10.5194/AMT-10-1723-2017, 2017.
Short summary
A new hyperspectral radiometer (HSR1) was deployed and evaluated in the central United States (northern Oklahoma). The HSR1 total spectral irradiance agreed well with nearby existing instruments, but the diffuse spectral irradiance was slightly smaller. The HSR1-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) also agreed well with other retrieved AODs. The HSR1 performance is encouraging: new hyperspectral knowledge is possible that could inform atmospheric process understanding and weather forecasting.
A new hyperspectral radiometer (HSR1) was deployed and evaluated in the central United States...
