Diurnal variations of NO<sub>2</sub> tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul metropolitan area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and the influence of the a priori NO<sub>2</sub> profile

Seo, Seunghwan; Kim, Si-Wan; Kim, Kyoung-Min; Richter, Andreas; Lange, Kezia; Burrows, John P.; Park, Junsung; Hong, Hyunkee; Lee, Hanlim; Jeong, Ukkyo; Woo, Jung-Hun; Kim, Jhoon

doi:10.5194/amt-18-115-2025

Articles | Volume 18, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-115-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

GEMS: first year in operation (AMT/ACP inter-journal SI)

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-115-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 1

Research article

|

08 Jan 2025

Research article |

| 08 Jan 2025

Diurnal variations of NO₂ tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul metropolitan area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and the influence of the a priori NO₂ profile

Seunghwan Seo, Si-Wan Kim, Kyoung-Min Kim, Andreas Richter, Kezia Lange, John P. Burrows, Junsung Park, Hyunkee Hong, Hanlim Lee, Ukkyo Jeong, Jung-Hun Woo, and Jhoon Kim

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2024	145	44	4	193
Apr 2024	106	28	12	146
May 2024	61	20	1	82
Jun 2024	81	16	5	102
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	27	10	1	38
Sep 2024	18	5	0	23
Oct 2024	37	18	4	59
Nov 2024	17	7	0	24
Dec 2024	14	11	110	135
Jan 2025	145	35	142	322
Feb 2025	57	21	18	96
Mar 2025	31	17	0	48
Apr 2025	47	19	5	71
May 2025	66	36	2	104
Jun 2025	70	42	2	114
Jul 2025	57	26	3	86
Aug 2025	72	33	2	107
Sep 2025	243	26	2	271
Oct 2025	60	41	2	103
Nov 2025	36	10	1	47

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 12 Mar 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Mar 2024	145	44	4	193
Apr 2024	106	28	12	146
May 2024	61	20	1	82
Jun 2024	81	16	5	102
Jul 2024	29	11	6	46
Aug 2024	27	10	1	38
Sep 2024	18	5	0	23
Oct 2024	37	18	4	59
Nov 2024	17	7	0	24
Dec 2024	14	11	110	135
Jan 2025	145	35	142	322
Feb 2025	57	21	18	96
Mar 2025	31	17	0	48
Apr 2025	47	19	5	71
May 2025	66	36	2	104
Jun 2025	70	42	2	114
Jul 2025	57	26	3	86
Aug 2025	72	33	2	107
Sep 2025	243	26	2	271
Oct 2025	60	41	2	103
Nov 2025	36	10	1	47

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Short summary

Over the Seoul metropolitan area, tropospheric NO₂ vertical column densities from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer show distinct seasonal features. Also, varying a priori data have substantial impacts on the observed NO₂ columns. The a priori data from different chemical transport models resulted in differences of up to −18.3 %. Notably, diurnal patterns of observed NO₂ columns are similar for all datasets, although their a priori data exhibit contrasting diurnal patterns.


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Diurnal variations of NO2 tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul metropolitan area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and the influence of the a priori NO2 profile

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Diurnal variations of NO₂ tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul metropolitan area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and the influence of the a priori NO₂ profile