The Greenhouse gas Emission Monitoring network to Inform Net-zero Initiatives UK (GEMINI-UK): network design, theoretical performance, and initial data

Kurganskiy, Alexander; Feng, Liang; Humpage, Neil; Palmer, Paul I.; Woodwark, A. Jerome P.; Doniki, Stamatia; Weidmann, Damien

doi:10.5194/amt-18-7525-2025

Articles | Volume 18, issue 23

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7525-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7525-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 23

Research article

|

10 Dec 2025

Research article |

| 10 Dec 2025

The Greenhouse gas Emission Monitoring network to Inform Net-zero Initiatives UK (GEMINI-UK): network design, theoretical performance, and initial data

Alexander Kurganskiy, Liang Feng, Neil Humpage, Paul I. Palmer, A. Jerome P. Woodwark, Stamatia Doniki, and Damien Weidmann

Data sets

TCCON data from Harwell D. Weidmann et al. https://doi.org/10.14291/TCCON.GGG2020.HARWELL01.R0

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

CAMS global inversion-optimised greenhouse gas fluxes and concentrations Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service https://doi.org/10.24381/ed2851d2

CAMS global greenhouse gas reanalysis (EGG4) Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service https://doi.org/10.24381/cda4ed31

CAMS Global Reanalysis EAC4 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Data A. Inness et al. https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu

Model code and software

GEOS-Chem Harvard University https://geoschem.github.io/

Short summary

This study introduces GEMINI-UK (Greenhouse gas Emissions Monitoring network to Inform Net-zero Initiatives for the UK), the first UK-wide network using ground-based instruments to monitor net fluxes of CO₂ and methane. By simulating its performance, we show that GEMINI-UK will significantly reduce uncertainties in these flux estimates, complementing data from existing tall towers and future satellite missions. The network will strengthen the UK's ability to track greenhouse gases, evaluate climate policies, and meet net-zero goals.