Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3865-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-3865-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 11
Research article
 | 
12 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 12 Jun 2026

Estimation of Doppler velocity from incoherent scatter spectra using context-aware transformers

Yanlin Li and Qihou Zhou

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Short summary
We introduce a transformer-based AI model for estimating Doppler velocity from incoherent scatter radar (ISR) spectra. Inspired by Vision Transformers, the model uses a standard transformer encoder adapted for radar data. Trained solely on simulated spectra, it performs well on real data from the Arecibo radar and significantly outperforms the traditional least-squares fitting (LSF) method. This approach is potentially applicable wherever spectral data can be parameterized.
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