Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-7151-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-7151-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
Research article
 | 
10 Nov 2026
Research article |  | 10 Nov 2026

Characterising the occurrence of monomodal and multimodal ice hydrometeor populations and their fall speeds in midlatitude frontal ice clouds using radar Doppler spectra

Rosie M. Mammatt, Chris Westbrook, and Karina McCusker

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Cited articles

Babb, D. M., Verlinde, J., and Rust, B. W.: The Removal of Turbulent Broadening in Radar Doppler Spectra Using Linear Inversion with Double-Sided Constraints, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1583–1595, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1583:TROTBI>2.0.CO;2, 2000. a
Bartolomé García, I., Sourdeval, O., Spang, R., and Krämer, M.: Technical note: Bimodal parameterizations of in situ ice cloud particle size distributions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1699–1716, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1699-2024, 2024. a
Billault-Roux, A.-C., Georgakaki, P., Gehring, J., Jaffeux, L., Schwarzenboeck, A., Coutris, P., Nenes, A., and Berne, A.: Distinct secondary ice production processes observed in radar Doppler spectra: insights from a case study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10207–10234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023, 2023. a, b
Brdar, S. and Seifert, A.: McSnow: A Monte-Carlo Particle Model for Riming and Aggregation of Ice Particles in a Multidimensional Microphysical Phase Space, J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 10, 187–206, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001167, 2018. a
Cantrell, W. and Heymsfield, A.: Production of Ice in Tropospheric Clouds: A Review, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 795–808, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-6-795, 2005. a
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Secondary ice production in stratiform clouds remains poorly understood. In this article, a peak finding algorithm applied to radar Doppler spectra is used to produce the a quantitative estimate of the distribution of multimodal spectra with temperature, from which ice multiplication can be inferred. Peaks in spectral reflectivity also correspond to velocities of the different populations. We show evidence that particle velocities decrease at temperatures associated with dendritic growth.
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