Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany

Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Center for Environmental Science and Technology, Xiamen Huaxia Vocational College, Xiamen 361024, China

Department of Chemistry and The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

Center for Environmental Science and Technology, Xiamen Huaxia Vocational College, Xiamen 361024, China

Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland

Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany