Articles | Volume 8, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1073-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-1073-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2015
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2015
Field-deployable diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for profiling water vapor
S. M. Spuler
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
K. S. Repasky
Montana State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
B. Morley
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
D. Moen
Montana State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
M. Hayman
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
A. R. Nehrir
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
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- Assimilation of Lidar Water Vapour Mixing Ratio and Temperature Profiles into a Convection-Permitting Model R. THUNDATHIL et al. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-049
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- Signal processing to denoise and retrieve water vapor from multi-pulse-length lidar data M. Hayman et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-405-2026
- Mixed layer height retrievals using MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar L. Colberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6069-2025
- Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles with Compact DIAL in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area M. Abo et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817604015
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- Validation of a Water Vapor Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) T. Weckwerth et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0119.1
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- A review of atmospheric water vapor lidar calibration methods X. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1712
- Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles A. Nehrir et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9448-9
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- Towards Developing a Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar to Measure Atmospheric Temperature R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023706018
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91 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A review of the remote sensing of lower tropospheric thermodynamic profiles and its indispensable role for the understanding and the simulation of water and energy cycles V. Wulfmeyer et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014RG000476
- Broadband continuous-wave differential absorption lidar for atmospheric remote sensing of water vapor J. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.509916
- Consultations on the WALES mission for profiling water vapor in the lower troposphere G. Hong et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.568524
- Coherent combination of micropulse tapered amplifiers at 828 nm for direct-detection LIDAR applications Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.481895
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- Modeling the performance of a diode laser-based (DLB) micro-pulse differential absorption lidar (MPD) for temperature profiling in the lower troposphere K. Repasky et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.033543
- Time series analysis of ground-based microwave measurements at K- and V-bands to detect temporal changes in water vapor and temperature profiles S. Panda et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-15-2017
- Wavelength Selection and Preliminary Design Assessment for DIAL-Based Vertical Temperature and Water Vapor Profiling in Korea Y. Mun et al. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2026.42.2.395
- Boundary-layer water vapor profiling using differential absorption radar R. Roy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6511-2018
- The future of lidar in planetary science D. Cremons https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.1042460
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- Diode-laser-based direct-detection Doppler wind lidar: design and initial results L. Colberg et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.589956
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- Expanding observational capabilities of diode-laser-based lidar through shot-to-shot modification of laser pulse characteristics R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4119-2025
- DIAL and GNSS observations of the diurnal water‐vapour cycle above Iqaluit, Nunavut S. Hicks–Jalali et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4175
- The Small Mobile Ozone Lidar (SMOL): instrument description and first results F. Chouza et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-405-2025
- 3-D water vapor field in the atmospheric boundary layer observed with scanning differential absorption lidar F. Späth et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1701-2016
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- Advances in Diode-Laser-Based Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar S. Spuler et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611902003
- Validation of a Water Vapor Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) T. Weckwerth et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0119.1
- Global estimation of range resolved thermodynamic profiles from micropulse differential absorption lidar M. Hayman et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.521178
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- PCM-net: a refractive index database of chalcogenide phase change materials for tunable nanophotonic device modelling H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/abeb55
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- Validation of a G-Band Differential Absorption Cloud Radar for Humidity Remote Sensing R. Roy et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-19-0122.1
- A review of atmospheric water vapor lidar calibration methods X. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1712
- Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles A. Nehrir et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9448-9
- Ground-based temperature and humidity profiling: combining active and passive remote sensors D. Turner & U. Löhnert https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3033-2021
- Synergy of Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations for Continuous Monitoring of Atmospheric Stability, Liquid Water Path, and Integrated Water Vapor: Theoretical Evaluations Using Reanalysis and Neural Networks M. Toporov & U. Löhnert https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0169.1
- 10-nanosecond dead time and low afterpulsing with a free-running reach-through single-photon avalanche diode S. Farina et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086312
- Atmospheric Thermodynamic Profiling through the Use of a Micro-Pulse Raman Lidar System: Introducing the Compact Raman Lidar MARCO P. Di Girolamo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198262
- Extending the Observational Range of the MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) Instrument Through Shot-To-Shot Modification of Laser Pulse Characteristics R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202636201004
- Remote sensing of planetary boundary layer from ground and space: Structure, thermodynamics, and boundary layer clouds T. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2026.115544
- Nocturnal Convection Initiation during PECAN 2015 T. Weckwerth et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0299.1
- MicroPulse DIAL (MPD) – a diode-laser-based lidar architecture for quantitative atmospheric profiling S. Spuler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4593-2021
- Towards Developing a Micropulse Differential Absorption Lidar to Measure Atmospheric Temperature R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023706018
- Atmospheric CO2 sensing using Scheimpflug-lidar based on a 157-µm fiber source J. Larsson et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.017348
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 Oct 2026
Short summary
A water vapor lidar has been designed and tested which has the potential to enable a national-scale network. The system is low-maintenance, low-cost, eye-safe, and provides continuous profiles of water vapor with complete coverage, including periods of daytime bright clouds, from 300m above ground level to 4km with 150m nominal vertical resolution and 1 min temporal resolution. The sensor may be useful in improving our understanding of the distribution of atmospheric water vapor.
A water vapor lidar has been designed and tested which has the potential to enable a...
