A mobile sensor network to map carbon dioxide emissions in urban environments

Lee, Joseph K.; Christen, Andreas; Ketler, Rick; Nesic, Zoran

doi:10.5194/amt-10-645-2017

Articles | Volume 10, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-645-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-645-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 10, issue 2

Research article

|

01 Mar 2017

Research article |

| 01 Mar 2017

A mobile sensor network to map carbon dioxide emissions in urban environments

Joseph K. Lee, Andreas Christen, Rick Ketler, and Zoran Nesic

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Total article views: 5,737 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
3,623	1,939	175	5,737	197	239

HTML: 3,623
PDF: 1,939
XML: 175
Total: 5,737
BibTeX: 197
EndNote: 239

Views and downloads (calculated since 20 Jun 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2016	84	55	3	142
Jul 2016	41	28	4	73
Aug 2016	18	3	1	22
Sep 2016	15	5	0	20
Oct 2016	14	7	1	22
Nov 2016	10	5	1	16
Dec 2016	11	1	1	13
Jan 2017	24	6	2	32
Feb 2017	35	8	5	48
Mar 2017	411	142	19	572
Apr 2017	185	23	6	214
May 2017	66	53	1	120
Jun 2017	37	23	0	60
Jul 2017	24	12	1	37
Aug 2017	25	18	2	45
Sep 2017	18	23	0	41
Oct 2017	21	19	2	42
Nov 2017	21	23	0	44
Dec 2017	16	8	0	24
Jan 2018	16	10	1	27
Feb 2018	26	21	0	47
Mar 2018	26	16	0	42
Apr 2018	26	17	2	45
May 2018	24	25	1	50
Jun 2018	15	14	0	29
Jul 2018	18	23	1	42
Aug 2018	23	15	0	38
Sep 2018	17	9	1	27
Oct 2018	21	10	5	36
Nov 2018	27	17	0	44
Dec 2018	22	7	0	29
Jan 2019	14	14	0	28
Feb 2019	16	7	0	23
Mar 2019	17	14	1	32
Apr 2019	13	8	1	22
May 2019	13	13	0	26
Jun 2019	15	8	0	23
Jul 2019	13	6	0	19
Aug 2019	10	11	2	23
Sep 2019	14	6	0	20
Oct 2019	17	11	1	29
Nov 2019	12	14	1	27
Dec 2019	9	17	0	26
Jan 2020	7	4	1	12
Feb 2020	10	10	0	20
Mar 2020	14	12	0	26
Apr 2020	10	4	0	14
May 2020	12	8	0	20
Jun 2020	17	13	0	30
Jul 2020	38	29	5	72
Aug 2020	14	11	4	29
Sep 2020	16	6	0	22
Oct 2020	9	11	0	20
Nov 2020	9	10	0	19
Dec 2020	16	12	0	28
Jan 2021	20	12	0	32
Feb 2021	28	16	0	44
Mar 2021	34	8	2	44
Apr 2021	23	13	1	37
May 2021	14	12	1	27
Jun 2021	18	4	0	22
Jul 2021	20	19	2	41
Aug 2021	15	13	1	29
Sep 2021	10	14	0	24
Oct 2021	13	39	0	52
Nov 2021	20	32	1	53
Dec 2021	20	13	0	33
Jan 2022	20	20	2	42
Feb 2022	17	21	1	39
Mar 2022	21	10	2	33
Apr 2022	20	11	2	33
May 2022	11	13	0	24
Jun 2022	22	16	3	41
Jul 2022	23	14	1	38
Aug 2022	19	9	4	32
Sep 2022	18	12	1	31
Oct 2022	22	11	5	38
Nov 2022	17	10	1	28
Dec 2022	22	10	2	34
Jan 2023	21	20	1	42
Feb 2023	28	24	0	52
Mar 2023	34	19	4	57
Apr 2023	30	15	0	45
May 2023	51	14	2	67
Jun 2023	42	11	1	54
Jul 2023	47	10	2	59
Aug 2023	44	13	3	60
Sep 2023	44	16	2	62
Oct 2023	64	17	1	82
Nov 2023	31	10	0	41
Dec 2023	51	8	1	60
Jan 2024	48	23	1	72
Feb 2024	49	16	2	67
Mar 2024	57	20	0	77
Apr 2024	59	14	7	80
May 2024	24	34	2	60
Jun 2024	38	19	5	62
Jul 2024	48	10	4	62
Aug 2024	57	6	1	64
Sep 2024	31	6	0	37
Oct 2024	47	18	0	65
Nov 2024	16	14	3	33
Dec 2024	24	31	2	57
Jan 2025	38	15	2	55
Feb 2025	35	18	2	55
Mar 2025	29	21	0	50
Apr 2025	37	24	0	61
May 2025	50	23	3	76
Jun 2025	52	21	0	73
Jul 2025	35	26	6	67
Aug 2025	36	27	2	65
Sep 2025	50	29	1	80
Oct 2025	43	36	1	80
Nov 2025	65	38	6	109
Dec 2025	29	16	0	45

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 20 Jun 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jun 2016	84	55	3	142
Jul 2016	41	28	4	73
Aug 2016	18	3	1	22
Sep 2016	15	5	0	20
Oct 2016	14	7	1	22
Nov 2016	10	5	1	16
Dec 2016	11	1	1	13
Jan 2017	24	6	2	32
Feb 2017	35	8	5	48
Mar 2017	411	142	19	572
Apr 2017	185	23	6	214
May 2017	66	53	1	120
Jun 2017	37	23	0	60
Jul 2017	24	12	1	37
Aug 2017	25	18	2	45
Sep 2017	18	23	0	41
Oct 2017	21	19	2	42
Nov 2017	21	23	0	44
Dec 2017	16	8	0	24
Jan 2018	16	10	1	27
Feb 2018	26	21	0	47
Mar 2018	26	16	0	42
Apr 2018	26	17	2	45
May 2018	24	25	1	50
Jun 2018	15	14	0	29
Jul 2018	18	23	1	42
Aug 2018	23	15	0	38
Sep 2018	17	9	1	27
Oct 2018	21	10	5	36
Nov 2018	27	17	0	44
Dec 2018	22	7	0	29
Jan 2019	14	14	0	28
Feb 2019	16	7	0	23
Mar 2019	17	14	1	32
Apr 2019	13	8	1	22
May 2019	13	13	0	26
Jun 2019	15	8	0	23
Jul 2019	13	6	0	19
Aug 2019	10	11	2	23
Sep 2019	14	6	0	20
Oct 2019	17	11	1	29
Nov 2019	12	14	1	27
Dec 2019	9	17	0	26
Jan 2020	7	4	1	12
Feb 2020	10	10	0	20
Mar 2020	14	12	0	26
Apr 2020	10	4	0	14
May 2020	12	8	0	20
Jun 2020	17	13	0	30
Jul 2020	38	29	5	72
Aug 2020	14	11	4	29
Sep 2020	16	6	0	22
Oct 2020	9	11	0	20
Nov 2020	9	10	0	19
Dec 2020	16	12	0	28
Jan 2021	20	12	0	32
Feb 2021	28	16	0	44
Mar 2021	34	8	2	44
Apr 2021	23	13	1	37
May 2021	14	12	1	27
Jun 2021	18	4	0	22
Jul 2021	20	19	2	41
Aug 2021	15	13	1	29
Sep 2021	10	14	0	24
Oct 2021	13	39	0	52
Nov 2021	20	32	1	53
Dec 2021	20	13	0	33
Jan 2022	20	20	2	42
Feb 2022	17	21	1	39
Mar 2022	21	10	2	33
Apr 2022	20	11	2	33
May 2022	11	13	0	24
Jun 2022	22	16	3	41
Jul 2022	23	14	1	38
Aug 2022	19	9	4	32
Sep 2022	18	12	1	31
Oct 2022	22	11	5	38
Nov 2022	17	10	1	28
Dec 2022	22	10	2	34
Jan 2023	21	20	1	42
Feb 2023	28	24	0	52
Mar 2023	34	19	4	57
Apr 2023	30	15	0	45
May 2023	51	14	2	67
Jun 2023	42	11	1	54
Jul 2023	47	10	2	59
Aug 2023	44	13	3	60
Sep 2023	44	16	2	62
Oct 2023	64	17	1	82
Nov 2023	31	10	0	41
Dec 2023	51	8	1	60
Jan 2024	48	23	1	72
Feb 2024	49	16	2	67
Mar 2024	57	20	0	77
Apr 2024	59	14	7	80
May 2024	24	34	2	60
Jun 2024	38	19	5	62
Jul 2024	48	10	4	62
Aug 2024	57	6	1	64
Sep 2024	31	6	0	37
Oct 2024	47	18	0	65
Nov 2024	16	14	3	33
Dec 2024	24	31	2	57
Jan 2025	38	15	2	55
Feb 2025	35	18	2	55
Mar 2025	29	21	0	50
Apr 2025	37	24	0	61
May 2025	50	23	3	76
Jun 2025	52	21	0	73
Jul 2025	35	26	6	67
Aug 2025	36	27	2	65
Sep 2025	50	29	1	80
Oct 2025	43	36	1	80
Nov 2025	65	38	6	109
Dec 2025	29	16	0	45

Latest update: 10 Dec 2025

Short summary

We developed a method for directly measuring emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide in cities, using a mobile sensor network operated on vehicles (car, bikes) with open-source components. In two measurement campaigns, the network was tested in the City of Vancouver, BC, Canada. Carbon dioxide concentrations and emissions were mapped at block level (100 × 100 m). Our measured emissions agreed generally with a fine-scale independent emissions inventory.