Articles | Volume 11, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5335-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5335-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
25 Sep 2018
Research article |
| 25 Sep 2018
| 25 Sep 2018
Measuring turbulent CO2 fluxes with a closed-path gas analyzer in a marine environment
Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Juha-Pekka Tuovinen
Climate Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Tuomas Laurila
Climate Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Timo Mäkelä
Climate Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Juha Hatakka
Climate Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Sami Kielosto
Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Marine Ecology Research Laboratory, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Lauri Laakso
Meteorological and Marine Research Programme, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa
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Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The diurnal cycle of pCO2 in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea M. Honkanen et al. 10.5194/os-17-1657-2021
- Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea M. Honkanen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024
- Water vapor density and turbulent fluxes from three generations of infrared gas analyzers S. Kutikoff et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1253-2021
- Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station T. Grönholm et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03293
- Utö Observatory for Analysing Atmospheric Ducting Events over Baltic Coastal and Marine Waters L. Rautiainen et al. 10.3390/rs15122989
- Insights from year-long measurements of air–water CH4 and CO2 exchange in a coastal environment M. Yang et al. 10.5194/bg-16-961-2019
- Measurement report: Characterization of uncertainties in fluxes and fuel sulfur content from ship emissions in the Baltic Sea J. Walden et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021
- Shipping and algae emissions have a major impact on ambient air mixing ratios of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and methanethiol on Utö Island in the Baltic Sea H. Hellén et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024
- Wind, Convection and Fetch Dependence of Gas Transfer Velocity in an Arctic Sea‐Ice Lead Determined From Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux Measurements J. Prytherch & M. Yelland 10.1029/2020GB006633
- Compact Open-Path Sensor for Fast Measurements of CO2 and H2O using Scanned-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy with 1f-Phase Method X. Li et al. 10.3390/s20071910
- Global Trends in Air‐Water CO2 Exchange Over Seagrass Meadows Revealed by Atmospheric Eddy Covariance B. Van Dam et al. 10.1029/2020GB006848
- Critical Observations of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Air‐Sea Exchange S. Osterwalder et al. 10.1029/2020GB006742
- Measurement report: The effects of SECA regulations on the atmospheric SO2 concentrations in the Baltic Sea, based on long-term observations on the Finnish island, Utö A. Maragkidou et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2443-2025
- 100 years of atmospheric and marine observations at the Finnish Utö Island in the Baltic Sea L. Laakso et al. 10.5194/os-14-617-2018
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The diurnal cycle of pCO2 in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea M. Honkanen et al. 10.5194/os-17-1657-2021
- Interannual and seasonal variability of the air–sea CO2 exchange at Utö in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea M. Honkanen et al. 10.5194/bg-21-4341-2024
- Water vapor density and turbulent fluxes from three generations of infrared gas analyzers S. Kutikoff et al. 10.5194/amt-14-1253-2021
- Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station T. Grönholm et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c03293
- Utö Observatory for Analysing Atmospheric Ducting Events over Baltic Coastal and Marine Waters L. Rautiainen et al. 10.3390/rs15122989
- Insights from year-long measurements of air–water CH4 and CO2 exchange in a coastal environment M. Yang et al. 10.5194/bg-16-961-2019
- Measurement report: Characterization of uncertainties in fluxes and fuel sulfur content from ship emissions in the Baltic Sea J. Walden et al. 10.5194/acp-21-18175-2021
- Shipping and algae emissions have a major impact on ambient air mixing ratios of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and methanethiol on Utö Island in the Baltic Sea H. Hellén et al. 10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024
- Wind, Convection and Fetch Dependence of Gas Transfer Velocity in an Arctic Sea‐Ice Lead Determined From Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux Measurements J. Prytherch & M. Yelland 10.1029/2020GB006633
- Compact Open-Path Sensor for Fast Measurements of CO2 and H2O using Scanned-Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy with 1f-Phase Method X. Li et al. 10.3390/s20071910
- Global Trends in Air‐Water CO2 Exchange Over Seagrass Meadows Revealed by Atmospheric Eddy Covariance B. Van Dam et al. 10.1029/2020GB006848
- Critical Observations of Gaseous Elemental Mercury Air‐Sea Exchange S. Osterwalder et al. 10.1029/2020GB006742
- Measurement report: The effects of SECA regulations on the atmospheric SO2 concentrations in the Baltic Sea, based on long-term observations on the Finnish island, Utö A. Maragkidou et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2443-2025
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 09 May 2025
Short summary
The exchange rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the sea is typically small compared to the fluxes observed in the terrestrial ecosystems, causing technical challenges for the measurements of the CO2 sea–air fluxes. In this paper, we examine CO2 sea–air flux measurements carried out on a fixed station on an island. The problems generated by water vapor interference and unmet theoretical assumptions of the eddy covariance method are addressed.
The exchange rate of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and the sea is typically small...
