Based on the recommendation from reviewers, the paper can be published after the following minor changes.

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The authors have addressed most of my comments. Below are a few minor suggestions.

1. The reply on the use of surface albedo climatology should be reflected in the text.

2. Define "total" column in the abstract and introduction to avoid confusion.

3. Move the discussion on uncertainty to a new subsection (i.e., Sect. 6.5), so that the reader can easily locate this important information.

4. Many paragraphs are lengthy (e.g., many paragraphs in the sections for uncertainty analysis and comparison with MAX-DOAS data). Please split the paragraphs to enhance readability."