Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4737-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4737-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 29 Jun 2021
| 29 Jun 2021
On the capability of the future ALTIUS ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared limb sounder to constrain modelled stratospheric ozone
Quentin Errera
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Emmanuel Dekemper
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Noel Baker
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Jonas Debosscher
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Philippe Demoulin
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Nina Mateshvili
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Didier Pieroux
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Filip Vanhellemont
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Didier Fussen
Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Related authors
Daniele Minganti, Simon Chabrillat, Sean Davis, Quentin Errera, Marc Op de beeck, Eric Ray, Sarah Vervalcke, Krzysztof Wargan, and Catherine Wespes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3449, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3449, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
In early 2019, an unusual increase of nitrous oxide concentrations occurred in the northern lower stratosphere (around 20 km). We show that unprecedented circulation pattern rapidly moved nitrous oxide from the tropical region to the northern mid-latitudes. This work reveals how stratospheric mid-latitudes can respond to special wind conditions in the Tropics and subtropics. Such extreme event helps improving our understanding of future changes of stratospheric transport in a warming climate.
Caroline Jonas, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Robin Björklund, Anne Boynard, Thomas Carlund, Martine De Mazière, Peter Effertz, Quentin Errera, Matthias M. Frey, José Granville, James W. Hannigan, Arno Keppens, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Norrie Lyall, Mathias Palm, Maxime Prignon, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Kimberly Strong, Tove Svendby, David Tarasick, Laura Thölix, Roeland Van Malderen, Yana Virolainen, Sibylle von Löwis, and Xiaoyi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8089–8124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8089-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8089-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We study the evolution of ozone in the Arctic over the 2000–2024 period in the stratosphere (about 10 to 50 km) to assess the expected recovery of the ozone layer following the diminution of ozone-depleting substances. We merge ground-based data sets within spatially coherent regions to reduce uncertainties and we obtain positive trends for the total column everywhere in the Arctic and for the middle and upper stratosphere over Canada, but no significant trends in the lower stratosphere.
Pasquale Sellitto, Mona Kosary, Michael Höpfner, Bernd Funke, Alex Hoffmann, Jörn Ungermann, Quentin Errera, Simone Tilmes, and Björn-Martin Sinnhuber
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-919, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-919, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
To counterbalance human-caused global warming, highly controversial geoengineering techniques, based on stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), have been proposed as a complement to climate change mitigation. Unilateral or illegal SAI deployments or tests are a risk. We show that existing satellite instruments do not have the capability to detect possible illegal SAI experiments and we propose a future satellite technique, infrared limb emission sounding, that can provide this missing capability.
Quentin Errera, Marc Op de beeck, Stefan Bender, Johannes Flemming, Bernd Funke, Alex Hoffmann, Michael Höpfner, Nathaniel Livesey, Gabriele Poli, Didier Pieroux, Piera Raspollini, and Björn-Martin Sinnhuber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 2601–2620, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2601-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2601-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The Changing Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer (CAIRT) is a satellite mission concept developed to observe, among other, the gradient of ozone and water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where these species have their largest radiative impact. By simulating CAIRT observations and measuring their constrain on an atmospheric model using data assimilation, this study shows that CAIRT specifications are adequate to fulfil this objective.
Sarah Vervalcke, Quentin Errera, Roland Eichinger, Thomas Reddmann, Simon Chabrillat, Marc Op de beeck, Gabriele Stiller, and Emmanuel Mahieu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 391–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-391-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-391-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents three simulations of atmospheric chemistry with the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical Observations chemistry transport model, driven by different meteorological data sets. Newly implemented SF6 chemistry enables stratospheric transport studies. Results agree with satellite observations. The derived lifetimes of six trace gases agree with the literature, but SF6 shows larger sensitivity to the choice of meteorology. The lifetime of SF6 ranges from 1900 to 2600 years.
Simon Chabrillat, Samuel Rémy, Quentin Errera, Vincent Huijnen, Christine Bingen, Jonas Debosscher, François Hendrick, Swen Metzger, Adrien Mora, Daniele Minganti, Marc Op de beek, Léa Reisenfeld, Jason E. Williams, Henk Eskes, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8973–9014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We document the forecasts of the composition of the stratosphere by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. The model's predictions are compared with satellite measurements over a recent period, during polar ozone depletion events, and after the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. The system performs well for sulfate aerosols, ozone and several other key gases but not as well for several nitrogen-containing gases. Chemical processes in aerosols and polar clouds should be improved.
Eric Sauvageat, Klemens Hocke, Eliane Maillard Barras, Shengyi Hou, Quentin Errera, Alexander Haefele, and Axel Murk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7321–7345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7321-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In Switzerland, two microwave radiometers can measure continuous ozone profiles in the middle atmosphere. From these instruments, we can study the diurnal variation of ozone, which is difficult to observe otherwise. It is valuable to validate the model simulations of diurnal variations in this region. We present results obtained during the last decade and compare them against various models. For the first time, we also show that the winter diurnal variations have some short-term fluctuations.
Klaus-Peter Heue, Diego Loyola, Fabian Romahn, Walter Zimmer, Simon Chabrillat, Quentin Errera, Jerry Ziemke, and Natalya Kramarova
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5563–5579, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5563-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5563-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To retrieve tropospheric ozone column information, we subtract stratospheric column data of BASCOE from TROPOMI/S5P total ozone columns.
The new S5P-BASCOE data agree well with existing tropospheric data like OMPS-MERRA-2. The data are also compared to ozone soundings.
The tropospheric ozone columns show the expected temporal and spatial patterns. We will also apply the algorithm to future UV nadir missions like Sentinel 4 or 5 or to recent and ongoing missions like GOME_2 or OMI.
Vincent Huijnen, Philippe Le Sager, Marcus O. Köhler, Glenn Carver, Samuel Rémy, Johannes Flemming, Simon Chabrillat, Quentin Errera, and Twan van Noije
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6221–6241, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report on the first implementation of atmospheric chemistry and aerosol as part of the OpenIFS model, based on the CAMS global model. We give an overview of the model and evaluate two reference model configurations, with and without the stratospheric chemistry extension, against a variety of observational datasets. This OpenIFS version with atmospheric composition components is open to the scientific user community under a standard OpenIFS license.
Alexandra Laeng, Thomas von Clarmann, Quentin Errera, Udo Grabowski, and Shawn Honomichl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2407–2416, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In validation exercises, a universal excuse used to explain the residual discrepancy between the data is the natural atmospheric variability due to imperfect co-locations. This work is the first attempt to quantify this atmospheric variability for a large sample of atmospheric constituents and to provide the user with a tool to substract the natural atmospheric variability portion from the residual variability.
Daniele Minganti, Simon Chabrillat, Sean Davis, Quentin Errera, Marc Op de beeck, Eric Ray, Sarah Vervalcke, Krzysztof Wargan, and Catherine Wespes
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3449, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3449, 2026
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
In early 2019, an unusual increase of nitrous oxide concentrations occurred in the northern lower stratosphere (around 20 km). We show that unprecedented circulation pattern rapidly moved nitrous oxide from the tropical region to the northern mid-latitudes. This work reveals how stratospheric mid-latitudes can respond to special wind conditions in the Tropics and subtropics. Such extreme event helps improving our understanding of future changes of stratospheric transport in a warming climate.
Caroline Jonas, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Robin Björklund, Anne Boynard, Thomas Carlund, Martine De Mazière, Peter Effertz, Quentin Errera, Matthias M. Frey, José Granville, James W. Hannigan, Arno Keppens, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Norrie Lyall, Mathias Palm, Maxime Prignon, Viktoria F. Sofieva, Kimberly Strong, Tove Svendby, David Tarasick, Laura Thölix, Roeland Van Malderen, Yana Virolainen, Sibylle von Löwis, and Xiaoyi Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 8089–8124, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8089-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8089-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We study the evolution of ozone in the Arctic over the 2000–2024 period in the stratosphere (about 10 to 50 km) to assess the expected recovery of the ozone layer following the diminution of ozone-depleting substances. We merge ground-based data sets within spatially coherent regions to reduce uncertainties and we obtain positive trends for the total column everywhere in the Arctic and for the middle and upper stratosphere over Canada, but no significant trends in the lower stratosphere.
Pasquale Sellitto, Mona Kosary, Michael Höpfner, Bernd Funke, Alex Hoffmann, Jörn Ungermann, Quentin Errera, Simone Tilmes, and Björn-Martin Sinnhuber
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-919, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-919, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
To counterbalance human-caused global warming, highly controversial geoengineering techniques, based on stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), have been proposed as a complement to climate change mitigation. Unilateral or illegal SAI deployments or tests are a risk. We show that existing satellite instruments do not have the capability to detect possible illegal SAI experiments and we propose a future satellite technique, infrared limb emission sounding, that can provide this missing capability.
Quentin Errera, Marc Op de beeck, Stefan Bender, Johannes Flemming, Bernd Funke, Alex Hoffmann, Michael Höpfner, Nathaniel Livesey, Gabriele Poli, Didier Pieroux, Piera Raspollini, and Björn-Martin Sinnhuber
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 19, 2601–2620, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2601-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-2601-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The Changing Atmosphere Infra-Red Tomography Explorer (CAIRT) is a satellite mission concept developed to observe, among other, the gradient of ozone and water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere where these species have their largest radiative impact. By simulating CAIRT observations and measuring their constrain on an atmospheric model using data assimilation, this study shows that CAIRT specifications are adequate to fulfil this objective.
Sarah Vervalcke, Quentin Errera, Roland Eichinger, Thomas Reddmann, Simon Chabrillat, Marc Op de beeck, Gabriele Stiller, and Emmanuel Mahieu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 391–409, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-391-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-391-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents three simulations of atmospheric chemistry with the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical Observations chemistry transport model, driven by different meteorological data sets. Newly implemented SF6 chemistry enables stratospheric transport studies. Results agree with satellite observations. The derived lifetimes of six trace gases agree with the literature, but SF6 shows larger sensitivity to the choice of meteorology. The lifetime of SF6 ranges from 1900 to 2600 years.
Simon Chabrillat, Samuel Rémy, Quentin Errera, Vincent Huijnen, Christine Bingen, Jonas Debosscher, François Hendrick, Swen Metzger, Adrien Mora, Daniele Minganti, Marc Op de beek, Léa Reisenfeld, Jason E. Williams, Henk Eskes, and Johannes Flemming
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 8973–9014, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8973-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We document the forecasts of the composition of the stratosphere by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. The model's predictions are compared with satellite measurements over a recent period, during polar ozone depletion events, and after the Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. The system performs well for sulfate aerosols, ozone and several other key gases but not as well for several nitrogen-containing gases. Chemical processes in aerosols and polar clouds should be improved.
Pierre Gramme, Cedric Busschots, Emmanuel Dekemper, Didier Pieroux, Noel Baker, Stefano Casadio, Anna Maria Iannarelli, Nicola Ferrante, Annalisa Di Bernardino, Paolo Pettinari, Elisa Castelli, Luca Di Liberto, and Francesco Cairo
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 18, 6021–6037, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6021-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6021-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new remote sensing instrument using hyperspectral imaging to observe the variability in space and time of the nitrogen dioxide concentration. We also show the results of its validation campaign in a challenging urban setting in Rome, showing very good agreement with two reference instruments. Having an imaging instrument rather than the currently state-of-the-art unidirectional spectrometers brings promising capability in the context of satellite product validation.
Viktoria F. Sofieva, Monika Szelag, Johanna Tamminen, Didier Fussen, Christine Bingen, Filip Vanhellemont, Nina Mateshvili, Alexei Rozanov, and Christine Pohl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 3085–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the new multi-wavelength dataset of aerosol extinction profiles, which are retrieved from the averaged transmittance spectra by the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instrument aboard Envisat. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are provided in the altitude range 10–40 km at 400, 440, 452, 470, 500, 525, 550, 672 and 750 nm for the period 2002–2012. FMI-GOMOSaero aerosol profiles have improved quality; they are in good agreement with other datasets.
Bikem Ekberzade, A. Rita Carrasco, Adam Izdebski, Adriano Sofo, Annegret Larsen, Felicia O. Akinyemi, Viktor J. Bruckman, Noel Baker, Simon Clark, and Chloe Hill
Geosci. Commun., 7, 57–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-57-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-57-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The world is facing a critical issue of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, despite efforts to address it. While positive steps are being taken in the adoption of comprehensive conservation policies, more effective science-for-policy approaches are necessary to foster connectivity, engage communities, and promote transformative change. This study outlines how scientists can drive impactful change within and beyond their communities to contribute to meeting global biodiversity targets.
Eric Sauvageat, Klemens Hocke, Eliane Maillard Barras, Shengyi Hou, Quentin Errera, Alexander Haefele, and Axel Murk
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7321–7345, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7321-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In Switzerland, two microwave radiometers can measure continuous ozone profiles in the middle atmosphere. From these instruments, we can study the diurnal variation of ozone, which is difficult to observe otherwise. It is valuable to validate the model simulations of diurnal variations in this region. We present results obtained during the last decade and compare them against various models. For the first time, we also show that the winter diurnal variations have some short-term fluctuations.
Klaus-Peter Heue, Diego Loyola, Fabian Romahn, Walter Zimmer, Simon Chabrillat, Quentin Errera, Jerry Ziemke, and Natalya Kramarova
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 5563–5579, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5563-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5563-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To retrieve tropospheric ozone column information, we subtract stratospheric column data of BASCOE from TROPOMI/S5P total ozone columns.
The new S5P-BASCOE data agree well with existing tropospheric data like OMPS-MERRA-2. The data are also compared to ozone soundings.
The tropospheric ozone columns show the expected temporal and spatial patterns. We will also apply the algorithm to future UV nadir missions like Sentinel 4 or 5 or to recent and ongoing missions like GOME_2 or OMI.
Vincent Huijnen, Philippe Le Sager, Marcus O. Köhler, Glenn Carver, Samuel Rémy, Johannes Flemming, Simon Chabrillat, Quentin Errera, and Twan van Noije
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 6221–6241, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6221-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-6221-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We report on the first implementation of atmospheric chemistry and aerosol as part of the OpenIFS model, based on the CAMS global model. We give an overview of the model and evaluate two reference model configurations, with and without the stratospheric chemistry extension, against a variety of observational datasets. This OpenIFS version with atmospheric composition components is open to the scientific user community under a standard OpenIFS license.
Alexandra Laeng, Thomas von Clarmann, Quentin Errera, Udo Grabowski, and Shawn Honomichl
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2407–2416, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2407-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2407-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In validation exercises, a universal excuse used to explain the residual discrepancy between the data is the natural atmospheric variability due to imperfect co-locations. This work is the first attempt to quantify this atmospheric variability for a large sample of atmospheric constituents and to provide the user with a tool to substract the natural atmospheric variability portion from the residual variability.
Cited articles
Abida, R., Attié, J.-L., El Amraoui, L., Ricaud, P., Lahoz, W., Eskes, H., Segers, A., Curier, L., de Haan, J., Kujanpää, J., Nijhuis, A. O., Tamminen, J., Timmermans, R., and Veefkind, P.: Impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide observations from the S-5P platform on tropospheric composition analyses and forecasts, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 1081–1103, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1081-2017, 2017. a
Acton, C., Bachman, N., Semenov, B., and Wright, E.: A look towards the future in the handling of space science mission geometry, Planet. Space Sci., 150, 9–12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2017.02.013, 2018. a
Acton, C. H.: Ancillary data services of NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, Planet. Space Sci., 44, 65–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(95)00107-7, 1996. a
Bernath, P. F., McElroy, C. T., Abrams, M. C., Boone, C. D., Butler, M.,
Camy-Peyret, C., Carleer, M., Clerbaux, C., Coheur, P.-F., Colin, R.,
DeCola, P., DeMazière, M., Drummond, J. R., Dufour, D., Evans, W. F. J.,
Fast, H., Fussen, D., Gilbert, K., Jennings, D. E., Llewellyn, E. J.,
Lowe, R. P., Mahieu, E., McConnell, J. C., McHugh, M., McLeod, S. D.,
Michaud, R., Midwinter, C., Nassar, R., Nichitiu, F., Nowlan, C.,
Rinsland, C. P., Rochon, Y. J., Rowlands, N., Semeniuk, K., Simon, P.,
Skelton, R., Sloan, J. J., Soucy, M.-A., Strong, K., Tremblay, P.,
Turnbull, D., Walker, K. A., Walkty, I., Wardle, D. A., Wehrle, V.,
Zander, R., and Zou, J.: Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE): Mission
overview, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15S01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022386, 2005. a
Boone, C. D., Walker, K. A., and Bernath, P. F.: Version 3 Retrievals for the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), in: The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment ACE at 10: A Solar Occultation Anthology, A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, Virginia, USA, 103–127, 2013. a
Bourassa, A. E., McLinden, C. A., Bathgate, A. F., Elash, B. J., and Degenstein, D. A.: Precision estimate for Odin-OSIRIS limb scatter retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D04303, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016976, 2012. a
Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J. P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noël, S., Rozanov, V. V., Chance, K. V., and Goede, A. P. H.: SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 127–150, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0127:SMOAMM>2.0.CO;2, 1999. a, b
Brasseur, G. P. and Solomon, S.: Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere: Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, Springer,Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2005. a
Chu, W. P., Trepte, C. R., Veiga, R. E., Cisewski, M. S., and Taha, G.: SAGE III measurements, in: Earth Observing Systems VII, edited by: Barnes, W. L., vol. 4814, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 457–464, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.451515, 2002. a
Claeyman, M., Attié, J.-L., Peuch, V.-H., El Amraoui, L., Lahoz, W. A., Josse, B., Joly, M., Barré, J., Ricaud, P., Massart, S., Piacentini, A., von Clarmann, T., Höpfner, M., Orphal, J., Flaud, J.-M., and Edwards, D. P.: A thermal infrared instrument onboard a geostationary platform for CO and O3 measurements in the lowermost troposphere: Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 1637–1661, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-1637-2011, 2011. a
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance ofthe data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. a
Desroziers, G., Berre, L., Chapnik, B., and Poli, P.: Diagnosis of observation, background and analysis-error statistics in observation space, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 3385–3396, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.108, 2005. a
Dragani, R., Benedetti, A., Flemming, J., Balsamo, G., Diamantakis, M., Geer, A., Hogan, R., Stockdale, T., Ades, M., Agusti-Panareda, A., Barre, J., Bechtold, P., Bozzo, A., Hersbach, H., Holm, E., Kipling, Z., Inness, A., Letertre-Danczak, J., Massart, S., Matricardi, M., McNally, T., Parrington, M., Sandu, I., Soci, C., and Vitart, F.: Atmospheric Composition priority developments for Numerical Weather Prediction, ECMWF, Technical Memorandum 833, https://doi.org/10.21957/5e0whui2y, 2018. a
Errera, Q. and Fonteyn, D.: Four-dimensional variational chemical assimilation of CRISTA stratospheric measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12253–12265, 2001. a
Errera, Q. and Ménard, R.: Technical Note: Spectral representation of spatial correlations in variational assimilation with grid point models and application to the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical Observations (BASCOE), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 10015–10031, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-10015-2012, 2012. a
Errera, Q., Daerden, F., Chabrillat, S., Lambert, J. C., Lahoz, W. A., Viscardy, S., Bonjean, S., and Fonteyn, D.: 4D-Var assimilation of MIPAS chemical observations: ozone and nitrogen dioxide analyses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6169–6187, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-6169-2008, 2008. a
Errera, Q., Chabrillat, S., Christophe, Y., Debosscher, J., Hubert, D., Lahoz, W., Santee, M. L., Shiotani, M., Skachko, S., von Clarmann, T., and Walker, K.: Technical note: Reanalysis of Aura MLS chemical observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13647–13679, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13647-2019, 2019. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h
ESA: The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues, Tech. rep., ESA SP-1200, 311 pp., available at: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/hipparcos/catalogues (last access: 22 June 2021), 1997. a
Fischer, H., Birk, M., Blom, C., Carli, B., Carlotti, M., von Clarmann, T., Delbouille, L., Dudhia, A., Ehhalt, D., Endemann, M., Flaud, J. M., Gessner, R., Kleinert, A., Koopman, R., Langen, J., López-Puertas, M., Mosner, P., Nett, H., Oelhaf, H., Perron, G., Remedios, J., Ridolfi, M., Stiller, G., and Zander, R.: MIPAS: an instrument for atmospheric and climate research, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2151–2188, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2151-2008, 2008. a
Flemming, J., Peuch, V.-H., and Jones, L.: Ten years of forecasting
atmospheric composition at ECMWF, ECMWF Newsletter, 5–6, available at:
https://www.ecmwf.int/en/newsletter/152/news/ten-years-forecasting-atmospheric-composition-ecmwf (last access: 22 June 2021), 2017. a
Flynn, L. E., Seftor, C. J., Larsen, J. C., and Xu, P.: The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite, in: Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing: Vol. 1: Science and Instruments, edited by: Qu, J. J., Gao, W., Kafatos, M., Murphy, R. E., and Salomonson, V. V., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 279–296, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37293-6_15, 2006. a, b
Fussen, D., Baker, N., Debosscher, J., Dekemper, E., Demoulin, P., Errera, Q., Franssens, G., Mateshvili, N., Pereira, N., Pieroux, D., and Vanhellemont, F.: The ALTIUS atmospheric limb sounder, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 238, 106542, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2019.06.021, 2019. a, b, c
Hardiman, S. C., Butchart, N., and Calvo, N.: The morphology of the
Brewer–Dobson circulation and its response to climate change in CMIP5
simulations, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 140, 1958–1965, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2258, 2014. a
Hubert, D., Lambert, J.-C., Verhoelst, T., Granville, J., Keppens, A., Baray, J.-L., Bourassa, A. E., Cortesi, U., Degenstein, D. A., Froidevaux, L., Godin-Beekmann, S., Hoppel, K. W., Johnson, B. J., Kyrölä, E., Leblanc, T., Lichtenberg, G., Marchand, M., McElroy, C. T., Murtagh, D., Nakane, H., Portafaix, T., Querel, R., Russell III, J. M., Salvador, J., Smit, H. G. J., Stebel, K., Steinbrecht, W., Strawbridge, K. B., Stübi, R., Swart, D. P. J., Taha, G., Tarasick, D. W., Thompson, A. M., Urban, J., van Gijsel, J. A. E., Van Malderen, R., von der Gathen, P., Walker, K. A., Wolfram, E., and Zawodny, J. M.: Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2497–2534, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2497-2016, 2016. a
Inness, A., Ades, M., Agustí-Panareda, A., Barré, J., Benedictow, A.,
Blechschmidt, A.-M., Dominguez, J. J., Engelen, R., Eskes, H., Flemming, J.,
Huijnen, V., Jones, L., Kipling, Z., Massart, S., Parrington, M.,
Peuch, V.-H., Razinger, M., Remy, S., Schulz, M., and Suttie, M.: The CAMS
reanalysis of atmospheric composition, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3515–3556,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3515-2019, 2019. a
Jeong, G.-R., Monge-Sanz, B., Lee, E.-H., and Ziemke, J.: Simulation of stratospheric ozone in global forecast model using linear photochemistry parameterization, Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 479–494, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-016-0032-x, 2016. a
Kyrölä, E., Tamminen, J., Leppelmeier, G. W., Sofieva, V., Hassinen, S., Bertaux, J. L., Hauchecorne, A., Dalaudier, F., Cot, C., Korablev, O., Fanton D'Andon, O., Barrot, G., Mangin, A., Théodore, B., Guirlet, M., Etanchaud, F., Snoeij, P., Koopman, R., Saavedra, L., Fraisse, R., Fussen, D., and Vanhellemont, F.: GOMOS on Envisat: an overview, Adv. Space Res., 33, 1020–1028, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00590-8, 2004. a
Lefever, K., van der A, R., Baier, F., Christophe, Y., Errera, Q., Eskes, H., Flemming, J., Inness, A., Jones, L., Lambert, J.-C., Langerock, B., Schultz, M. G., Stein, O., Wagner, A., and Chabrillat, S.: Copernicus stratospheric ozone service, 2009–2012: validation, system intercomparison and roles of input data sets, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2269–2293, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2269-2015, 2015. a
Livesey, N. J., Read, W. G., Wagner, P. A., Froidevaux, L., Lambert, A., Manney, G. L., Millán, L. F., Pumphrey, H. C., Santee, M. L., Schwartz, M. J., Wang, S., Fuller, R. A., Jarnot, R. F., Knosp, B. W., Martinez, E., and Lay, R. R.: Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) Version 4.2x Level 2 and 3 data quality and description document, JPL, Tech. Rep. D-33509 Rev. E, 174 pp., available at: https://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/data/v4-2_data_quality_document.pdf (last access: 22 June 2021), 2020. a, b, c
Llewellyn, E. J., Lloyd, N. D., Degenstein, D. A., Gattinger, R. L., Petelina, S. V., Bourassa, A. E., Wiensz, J. T., Ivanov, E. V., McDade, I. C., Solheim, B. H., McConnell, J. C., Haley, C. S., von Savigny, C., Sioris, C. E., McLinden, C. A., Griffioen, E., Kaminski, J., Evans, W. F., Puckrin, E., Strong, K., Wehrle, V., Hum, R. H., Kendall, D. J., Matsushita, J., Murtagh, D. P., Brohede, S., Stegman, J., Witt, G., Barnes, G., Payne, W. F., Piché, L., Smith, K., Warshaw, G., Deslauniers, D. L., Marchand, P., Richardson, E. H., King, R. A., Wevers, I., McCreath, W., Kyrölä, E., Oikarinen, L., Leppelmeier, G. W., Auvinen, H., Mégie, G., Hauchecorne, A., Lefèvre, F., de La Nöe, J., Ricaud, P., Frisk, U., Sjoberg, F., von Schéele, F., and Nordh, L.: The OSIRIS instrument on the Odin spacecraft, Can. J. Phys., 82, 411–422, https://doi.org/10.1139/p04-005, 2004. a
Maisonobe, L., Parraud, P., Journot, M., and Alcarraz-Garcia, A.:
Multi-satellites Precise Orbit Determination, an adaptable open-source
implementation, in: 2018 SpaceOps Conference, Marseille, France, 28 May–1 June 2018, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2622, 2018. a
Masutani, M., Schlatter, T. W., Errico, R. M., Stoffelen, A., Andersson, E., Lahoz, W., Woollen, J. S., Emmitt, G. D., Riishojgaard, L.-P., and Lord, S. J.: Observing System Simulation Experiments, in: Data Assimilation, edited by: Lahoz, W., Khattatov, B., and Menard, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 647–679, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74703-1_24, 2010. a, b
Mauldin-III, L. E., Zaun, N. H., McCormick, M. P., Guy, J. H., and Vaughn, W. R.: Stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment II instrument: a functional description, Opt. Eng., 24, 307–312, 1985. a
Monge-Sanz, B. M., Chipperfield, M. P., Cariolle, D., and Feng, W.: Results from a new linear O3 scheme with embedded heterogeneous chemistry compared with the parent full-chemistry 3-D CTM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1227–1242, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1227-2011, 2011. a, b, c
Montrone, L., Aballea, L., Bernaerts, D., Navarro-Reyes, D., Santandrea, S., Saillen, N., Sarna, K., Holbrouck, P., Moelans, W., Kendall, D., Mollet, D., Nutte, R. D., Demidov, S., Saari, H., Ward, J., Kassel, R., Fussen, D., Dekemper, E., Neefs, E., and Vanhamel, J.: Technological innovation for the ALTIUS atmospheric limb sounding mission, in: Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XXIII, edited by: Neeck, S. P., Martimort, P., and Kimura, T., vol. 11151, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 114–133, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2533151, 2019. a
Moy, L., Bhartia, P. K., Jaross, G., Loughman, R., Kramarova, N., Chen, Z., Taha, G., Chen, G., and Xu, P.: Altitude registration of limb-scattered radiation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 167–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-167-2017, 2017. a
Rault, D. F.: Ozone profile retrieval from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) limb scatter measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D09309, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004970, 2005. a
Rault, D. F. and Xu, P. Q.: Expected data quality from the upcoming OMPS/LP mission, in: Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XVI, edited by: Kassianov, E. I., Comeron, A., Picard, R. H., and Schäfer, K., vol. 8177, International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 77–88, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.897848, 2011. a
Skachko, S., Errera, Q., Ménard, R., Christophe, Y., and Chabrillat, S.: Comparison of the ensemble Kalman filter and 4D-Var assimilation methods using a stratospheric tracer transport model, Geosci. Model Dev., 7, 1451–1465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-1451-2014, 2014. a, b
Skachko, S., Ménard, R., Errera, Q., Christophe, Y., and Chabrillat, S.: EnKF and 4D-Var data assimilation with chemical transport model BASCOE (version 05.06), Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2893–2908, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2893-2016, 2016. a
SPARC: The SPARC Data Initiative: Assessment of stratospheric trace gas and
aerosol climatologies from satellite limb sounders, edited by: Hegglin, M. I. and Tegtmeier, S., SPARC Report No. 8, https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010863911, 2017. a
SPARC/IO3C/GAW: SPARC/IO3C/GAW Report on Long-term Ozone Trends and
Uncertainties in the Stratosphere, edited by: Petropavlovskikh, I.,
Godin-Beekmann, S., Hubert, D., Damadeo, R., Hassler, D., and Sofieva, V.,
SPARC Report No. 9, GAW Report No. 241, WCRP-17/2018,
https://doi.org/10.17874/f899e57a20b, available at:
http://www.sparc-climate.org/publications/sparc-reports (last access: 22 June 2021), 2019. a
Sterling, C. W., Johnson, B. J., Oltmans, S. J., Smit, H. G. J., Jordan, A. F., Cullis, P. D., Hall, E. G., Thompson, A. M., and Witte, J. C.: Homogenizing and estimating the uncertainty in NOAA's long-term vertical ozone profile records measured with the electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3661–3687, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3661-2018, 2018. a
Timmermans, R., Lahoz, W., Attié, J.-L., Peuch, V.-H., Curier, R., Edwards, D., Eskes, H., and Builtjes, P.: Observing System Simulation Experiments for air quality, Atmos. Environ., 115, 199–213, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.032, 2015. a, b
von Clarmann, T., Höpfner, M., Kellmann, S., Linden, A., Chauhan, S., Funke, B., Grabowski, U., Glatthor, N., Kiefer, M., Schieferdecker, T., Stiller, G. P., and Versick, S.: Retrieval of temperature, H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, ClONO2 and ClO from MIPAS reduced resolution nominal mode limb emission measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2, 159–175, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-159-2009, 2009. a
Vrancken, D., Gerrits, D., Tallineau, J., Hove, J. V., Holsters, P.,
Naudet, J., Ilsen, S., Dayers, L., Keereman, A., Wierinck, D.,
Debraekeleer, T., Fussen, D., Dekemper, E., Pieroux, D., Vanhellemont, F.,
Mateshvili, N., Franssens, G., Vanhamel, J., Opstal, B. V., Neefs, E.,
Maes, J., Aballea, L., Geeter, K. D., and Vos, L. D.: ALTIUS: High performance Limb Tracker, based on a PROBA platform, in: Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC, Toronto, Canada, 20 September–3 October 2014, 3677–3688, 2014. a
Wargan, K., Labow, G., Frith, S., Pawson, S., Livesey, N., and Partyka, G.: Evaluation of the Ozone Fields in NASA's MERRA-2 Reanalysis, J. Climate, 30, 2961–2988, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0699.1, 2017. a
Waters, J. W., Froidevaux, L., Harwood, R. S., Jarnot, R. F., Pickett, H. M., Read, W. G., Siegel, P. H., Cofield, R. E., Filipiak, M. J., Flower, D. A., Holden, J. R., Lau, G. K., Livesey, N. J., Manney, G. L., Pumphrey, H. C., Santee, M. L., Wu, D. L., Cuddy, D. T., Lay, R. R., Loo, M. S., Perun, V. S., Schwartz, M. J., Stek, P. C., Thurstans, R. P., Boyles, M. A., Chandra, K. M., Chavez, M. C., Gun-Shing Chen, Chudasama, B. V., Dodge, R., Fuller, R. A., Girard, M. A., Jiang, J. H., Yibo Jiang, Knosp, B. W., LaBelle, R. C., Lam, J. C., Lee, K. A., Miller, D., Oswald, J. E., Patel, N. C., Pukala, D. M., Quintero, O., Scaff, D. M., VanSnyder, W., Tope, M. C., Wagner, P. A., and Walch, M. J.: The Earth observing system microwave limb sounder (EOS MLS) on the aura Satellite, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 44, 1075–1092, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2006.873771, 2006. a, b
Wenger, M., Ochsenbein, F., Egret, D., Dubois, P., Bonnarel, F., Borde, S.,
Genova, F., Jasniewicz, G., Laloë, S., Lesteven, S., and Monier, R.: The SIMBAD astronomical database – The CDS reference database for astronomical objects, Astron. Astrophys. Sup., 143, 9–22, https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:2000332, 2000. a
WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 58, Geneva, Switzerland, 588 pp., 2018. a
Short summary
ALTIUS is a micro-satellite which will measure the distribution of the ozone layer. Micro-satellites are intended to be cost-effective, but does this make the ALTIUS measurements any less valuable? To answer this, we simulated ALTIUS data and measured how it could constrain a model of the ozone layer; we then compared these results with those obtained from the state-of-the-art NASA Aura MLS satellite ozone measurements. The outcome shows us that the ALTIUS
budgetinstrument is indeed valuable.
ALTIUS is a micro-satellite which will measure the distribution of the ozone layer....
