The authors compare online and offline methods for the determination of elements and ions at highly polluted sites in Delhi. The topic is important and online methods would be needed for receptor models as they have better time-resolution. However, online instruments have not been very comparable with the traditional methods, there are problems e.g. with calibration and detection limits.

Comments:

4. 32 The higher concentrations on the filters were due to the formation of particulate (NH4)2SO4.

This needs clarification (why?).

1. 34 Why offline Cl- was higher than that measured by AMS?
2. 3, r.82-83… 40 elements, e.g.--- there are more than 40 elements in the list?

p.5 What were the cut-offs of each instrument? How about inlet lengths and materials?

7. 6-7. What was number of samples for each measurement period?

p.9 USEPA written here is as US-EPA and Usepa in the reference list.

1. 10 D. Zhang should be without D.
2. 13 NO3- Why the filter method gave higher NO3- compared to online method in winter? The higher offline NO3- concentrations during winter at IITD can be possibly because of the positive artifact due to the absorption of gas-phase nitric acid (HNO3) on the filter. Why not in summer?
3. 13 This part is not very logically written and difficult to follow: first summer results are compared, then winter and back to summer conditions and evaporation problem.
4. 323-327 This part should be rewritten: NO3- will not be lost during night, at night filters collect more quantitatively that during warmer daytime…

Schaap et al., 2004: “It is suggested that losses during a 24 h sampling period is not only a function of ambient conditions and sampling apparatus, but also of the sampling strategy. When filters are changed in the morning, losses may have occurred at the higher temperatures in the afternoon of the previous day whereas at night nitrate is sampled quantitatively. When filters are changed in the afternoon or evening, nitrate sampled during the night might be lost when temperatures rise during the day. Such seemingly minor details, together with the type of filter material used and length of sampling lining in which nitric acid may be lost, should in reality be spelled out when nitrate measurements are being reported.”

1. 341-342 Why Xact online instrument gave 1.9 times higher than IC?
2. 346 What were the cut-offs of online instruments?

Fig 4. Online and offline instrument results could be better marked to separate them. You can’t see well the smallest concentration.

Fig 5. The highest shares are easy to separate, but the smallest cannot be seen.

Fig 6. There are far too many slopes in one picture, and they cannot be separated. Why there was so big “inside element” difference between the different measurement period e. g. for Al?

The style of the reference list is varying e. g. the placement of year, use of parentheses, use of capital letters.

I do not comment the used language.

Bhowmik et al. presents an intercomparison for on- and off-line measurements of water-soluble inorganic ions and heavy and trace metals during two different periods in the Delhi-NCR region of India. The on-line measurements included an Aerodyne High-Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (herein AMS) for water soluble inorganic ions and the Xact 625i Ambient Metals Monitor for heavy and trace metals. The off-line measurements involved collecting aerosols on quartz filters, prepared (depending on what was being extracted), and analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) for water soluble inorganic ions or inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for heavy and trace metals. Though of potential interest to the AMT community, especially as the study covers different seasons and a polluted megacity, there are many concerns that need to be addressed prior to publication, as discussed below and outlined by the other reviewer.

1) As this is a techniques paper and is comparing different methods to measure aerosol, more information needs to be added concerning the instruments. For example, the authors say that more details about the AMS can be found in Lalchandani et al. (2021, under review). As it is under review, it is difficult to understand how the AMS was ran and analyzed and would be beneficial for this manuscript to be included, at minimum briefly. This includes:

1a) How frequently was IE conducted? How stable was it?

1b) What NH4 RIE was used?

1c) What SO4 RIE was used?

1d) Was the vaporizer a capture or standard vaporizer? What CE was used?

2) Another important aspect in better understanding the comparisons includes how the aerosols were sampled. This includes:

2a) How long was the sampling line for each instrument? What was the residence time for each sampling line? What material is used throughout? E.g., line 162-163, it appears that a combination of black silicon tubing and stainless-steel was used.

2b) How close were the inlets for the instruments (same line and split, inlets co-located, etc.)?

2c) Were the instruments located in a temperature controlled area? What was the temperature difference between inside and outside, as this could potentially lead to biases in the aerosol (e.g., evaporation or high water content)?

2d) Was a denuder used for the offline sampling?

2e) Line 161, the authors mentioned they operated a PM2.5 cyclone in front of the PM2.5 lens AMS. Did they operate the PM2.5 cyclone at different flow rates to ensure the cyclone had a d50 > PM2.5 or did they operate the cyclone normally? If the latter (normally), the aerosol being measured by the AMS will be much less than PM2.5 as the combination of the PM2.5 cyclone (operated normally) and PM2.5 lens would significantly cut-off the large particles.

2f) Was a cylcone or impactor used to collect the aerosol on the filters? Was their a dryer in front of the filters?

3) There is some potential concern in the AMS interpretation. Within the AMS community, it is well established that the NH4, SO4, and NO3 signal is a combination of organic and inorganic aerosol (e.g., Farmer et al., 2010, Almeida et al., 2013, Fry et al., 2013, Ge et al., 2014, Kiendler-Scharr et al., 2016, Chen et al., 2019, Schueneman et al., 2021, Nault et al., 2021, Day et al., 2022). Thus, there could be some nuances that are not considered in the direct comparison of the inoragnic aerosol observed by IC vs the NH4, SO4, and NO3 observed by AMS, especially during biomass burning events (e.g., nitrocatechol, Finewax et al., 2018). Further, as the AMS has difficulty observing refractory chloride (e.g., Tobler et al., 2020), is there a way to filter the observations of chloride to better compare? However, as a different on-line measurement showed even higher chloride measurements, it is currently unclear all the sources of chloride here (e.g., line 341).

4) Though it is important to document the biases in the aerosol collected on filters, it is not clear what is novel in this analysis concerning the water soluble inorganic ions. Artifacts from filter measurements have been well documented for decades (Klockow et al., 1979, Hayes et al., 1980, Koutrakis et al., 1988, Hering and Cass, 1999, Chow et al., 2005, Nie et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2014, 2015, Heim et al, 2020, Nault et al., 2020).  Please be more intentional in explaining the novelty of this analysis.

5) The discussion about filter sulfate being higher than AMS sulfate is confusing in regards to the reaction of NH3 with H2SO4 to form (NH4)2SO4. Various studies have shown that sulfate can be measured as sulfuric acid from filters and compare well with on-line measurmeents (Klockow et al., 1979, Hayes et al., 1980, Koutrakis et al., 1988, Nault et al., 2020). Instead, this reaction leads to the off-line measurement being biased high in NH4 compared to on-line measurments (Nault et al., 2020). Rather, could it mainly be due to refractory sulfate (e.g., potassium or calcium sulfate) or as the authors pointed out chemistry occurring on the filters (line 295, SO2 reacting with alkaline particles)?

6) The overall general concern about the paper is that the authors present the comparisons; however, they do not really present either steps forward to improve the comparisons or which method may be improved.

7) Another concern is that the authors discarded data that was below 3xMDL. This can artificially raise the average value of the observations (potentially leading to the on-line measurement 24 hr avg being higher than the filter measurement). There is inherent noise in measurements that can be above and below MDL and should not be discarded for that. At minimum, the authors should investigate whether removing this data leads to differences in the comparisons or not.

8) I agree with Reviewer #1 that the discussion about when the filter is sampled/collected, as written, is very confusing and makes it unclear what is the best method. Also, did the authors try both methods to verify this?

9) Many of the figures are too busy and difficult to interpret. E.g., Fig. 6a-c could go into the SI and keep Fig. 6d in the main document, as this best summarizes the results. Further, for Fig. 3 and 6d, the authors may consider adding on the right axis what the R2 is for each slope. Further, it is unclear what Fig. 5 adds to the discussions in the paper. Finally, for Fig. 4, the authors may consider only showing one or two of the important subplot and placing the rest into the SI.

10) A table that summarizes the measurements, their LOD and uncertainty, and their size cut off would be beneficial.

11) Please read through the manuscript again. There are some grammatical concerns and things that need to be defined to improve readibility. Some examples are included below:

11a) Line 27-28, IITD and IITMD are not known and need to be defined.

11b) Line 133, cum?

11c) Line 163, capitalize r in Research

11d) Line 228, 6N?

11e) Fig. 2, symbols, box not defined as in Fig. 4

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