Articles | Volume 15, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-605-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-605-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Feb 2022
Research article |
| 04 Feb 2022
| 04 Feb 2022
Differential absorption lidar measurements of water vapor by the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO): retrieval framework and first results
Brian J. Carroll
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, VA, United States
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
Susan A. Kooi
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States
James E. Collins
Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States
Rory A. Barton-Grimley
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
Anthony Notari
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
David B. Harper
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
Joseph Lee
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) methane retrievals during the summer 2019 ACT-America campaign R. Barton-Grimley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4623-2022
- Low-Timing Jitter Single-Frequency Pulse Output from a Passively Q-Switched Monolithic Non-Planar Ring Oscillator M. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121120
- Improved Planetary Boundary Layer Sounding Using Hyperspectral Microwave and Backscatter Lidar Data Fusion A. Gambacorta et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3630972
- Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations for Spatiotemporal Distribution and Transport of Atmospheric Water Vapor in Beijing H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101253
- Greenhouse gas monitoring using an IPDA lidar based on a dual-comb spectrometer W. Patiño Rosas & N. Cézard https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.515543
- Calibration experiments for dual-comb IPDA XCO2 measurements using a variable pressure absorption cell Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131281
- Consultations on the WALES mission for profiling water vapor in the lower troposphere G. Hong et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.568524
- Aerosol extinction and backscatter Optimal Estimation retrieval for High Spectral Resolution Lidar S. Burton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6527-2025
- Development of a photon-counting deadtime noise model that extends dynamic range and resolution in atmospheric lidar G. Kirchhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.543305
- Water vapor measurements inside clouds and storms using a differential absorption radar L. Millán et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-539-2024
- Sensitivity analysis of space-based water vapor differential absorption lidar at 823 nm R. Barton-Grimley & A. Nehrir https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1404877
- Spaceborne LiDAR Systems: Evolution, Capabilities, and Challenges J. Bolcek et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123696
- Cross-validations of the Aeolus aerosol products and new developments with airborne high-spectral-resolution lidar measurements above the tropical Atlantic during JATAC D. Trapon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3873-2025
- Feasibility study of a total precipitable water IPDA lidar from a solar-powered stratospheric aircraft J. Dykema et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.494101
- Range-resolved tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for humidity sensing Z. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138676
- Expanding observational capabilities of diode-laser-based lidar through shot-to-shot modification of laser pulse characteristics R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4119-2025
- A Novel Tropospheric Tomographic Method Using GNSS and Remote Sensing Signals Based on Machine Learning Techniques M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3692708
- Simultaneous high-spatiotemporal resolution profiling of atmospheric SO2 and NO2 with a pulsed DIAL system J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2026.109837
- Enabling Technologies for Cross-Cutting Airborne and Spaceborne Water Vapor and Methane DIAL A. Nehrir et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202636201008
- Airborne and ground-based lidar observations of spatiotemporal variability of mixing-layer-height and ozone pollution in New York City area Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121832
- High-power, high-efficiency continuous-wave Tm:KYW laser with multimode in-band diode pumping F. Trawi et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/jeos/2026040
- Wavelength optimization of space-borne electro-optic dual-comb lidar for CO2 detection at 1572 nm Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-024-08286-x
- Demonstration of Photonic Integrated Circuit Seed Laser System: Toward Space-Based Water Vapor and Methane Differential Absorption Lidar N. Dostart et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01529
- Particulate matter concentrations derived from airborne high spectral resolution lidar measurements using machine learning regression R. Ferrare et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7735-2025
- Saharan dust impact on radiative heating rate errors inherent in reanalysis data in the African easterly wave development region R. Burgess & M. Oyola-Merced https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12183-2024
- Retrieval simulations of a spaceborne differential absorption radar near the 380 GHz water vapor line L. Millán et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4483-2025
- A method to retrieve mixed-phase cloud vertical structure from airborne lidar E. Crosbie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2639-2025
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of the High Altitude Lidar Observatory (HALO) methane retrievals during the summer 2019 ACT-America campaign R. Barton-Grimley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4623-2022
- Low-Timing Jitter Single-Frequency Pulse Output from a Passively Q-Switched Monolithic Non-Planar Ring Oscillator M. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121120
- Improved Planetary Boundary Layer Sounding Using Hyperspectral Microwave and Backscatter Lidar Data Fusion A. Gambacorta et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3630972
- Ground-Based MAX-DOAS Observations for Spatiotemporal Distribution and Transport of Atmospheric Water Vapor in Beijing H. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101253
- Greenhouse gas monitoring using an IPDA lidar based on a dual-comb spectrometer W. Patiño Rosas & N. Cézard https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.515543
- Calibration experiments for dual-comb IPDA XCO2 measurements using a variable pressure absorption cell Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2024.131281
- Consultations on the WALES mission for profiling water vapor in the lower troposphere G. Hong et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.568524
- Aerosol extinction and backscatter Optimal Estimation retrieval for High Spectral Resolution Lidar S. Burton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6527-2025
- Development of a photon-counting deadtime noise model that extends dynamic range and resolution in atmospheric lidar G. Kirchhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.543305
- Water vapor measurements inside clouds and storms using a differential absorption radar L. Millán et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-539-2024
- Sensitivity analysis of space-based water vapor differential absorption lidar at 823 nm R. Barton-Grimley & A. Nehrir https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2024.1404877
- Spaceborne LiDAR Systems: Evolution, Capabilities, and Challenges J. Bolcek et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123696
- Cross-validations of the Aeolus aerosol products and new developments with airborne high-spectral-resolution lidar measurements above the tropical Atlantic during JATAC D. Trapon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3873-2025
- Feasibility study of a total precipitable water IPDA lidar from a solar-powered stratospheric aircraft J. Dykema et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.494101
- Range-resolved tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy for humidity sensing Z. Kong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2025.138676
- Expanding observational capabilities of diode-laser-based lidar through shot-to-shot modification of laser pulse characteristics R. Stillwell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4119-2025
- A Novel Tropospheric Tomographic Method Using GNSS and Remote Sensing Signals Based on Machine Learning Techniques M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3692708
- Simultaneous high-spatiotemporal resolution profiling of atmospheric SO2 and NO2 with a pulsed DIAL system J. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2026.109837
- Enabling Technologies for Cross-Cutting Airborne and Spaceborne Water Vapor and Methane DIAL A. Nehrir et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202636201008
- Airborne and ground-based lidar observations of spatiotemporal variability of mixing-layer-height and ozone pollution in New York City area Y. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121832
- High-power, high-efficiency continuous-wave Tm:KYW laser with multimode in-band diode pumping F. Trawi et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/jeos/2026040
- Wavelength optimization of space-borne electro-optic dual-comb lidar for CO2 detection at 1572 nm Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-024-08286-x
- Demonstration of Photonic Integrated Circuit Seed Laser System: Toward Space-Based Water Vapor and Methane Differential Absorption Lidar N. Dostart et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01529
- Particulate matter concentrations derived from airborne high spectral resolution lidar measurements using machine learning regression R. Ferrare et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7735-2025
- Saharan dust impact on radiative heating rate errors inherent in reanalysis data in the African easterly wave development region R. Burgess & M. Oyola-Merced https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12183-2024
- Retrieval simulations of a spaceborne differential absorption radar near the 380 GHz water vapor line L. Millán et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4483-2025
- A method to retrieve mixed-phase cloud vertical structure from airborne lidar E. Crosbie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2639-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
HALO is a recently developed lidar system that demonstrates new technologies and advanced algorithms for profiling water vapor as well as aerosol and cloud properties. The high-resolution, high-accuracy measurements have unique advantages within the suite of atmospheric instrumentation, such as directly trading water vapor measurement resolution for precision. This paper provides the methodology and first water vapor results, showing agreement with in situ and spaceborne sounder measurements.
HALO is a recently developed lidar system that demonstrates new technologies and advanced...
