Articles | Volume 16, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-433-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-433-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| Highlight paper
| 
26 Jan 2023
Review article | Highlight paper |
| 26 Jan 2023
| 26 Jan 2023
Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain
Martine Collaud Coen
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain
Maria João Costa
Earth Remote Sensing Laboratory (EaRSLab), Institute of Earth Sciences (ICT) – Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
Domenico Cimini
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR-IMAA), Potenza, Italy
CETEMPS, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Ewan J. O'Connor
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Maxime Hervo
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Lucas Alados-Arboledas
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain
María Jiménez-Portaz
Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006 Granada, Spain
Lucia Mona
National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (CNR-IMAA), Potenza, Italy
Dominique Ruffieux
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Anthony Illingworth
Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
Martial Haeffelin
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Viewed
Total article views: 15,290 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 21 Apr 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11,793 | 3,357 | 140 | 15,290 | 227 | 209 |
- HTML: 11,793
- PDF: 3,357
- XML: 140
- Total: 15,290
- BibTeX: 227
- EndNote: 209
Total article views: 12,612 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 26 Jan 2023)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10,681 | 1,816 | 115 | 12,612 | 206 | 189 |
- HTML: 10,681
- PDF: 1,816
- XML: 115
- Total: 12,612
- BibTeX: 206
- EndNote: 189
Total article views: 2,678 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 21 Apr 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,112 | 1,541 | 25 | 2,678 | 21 | 20 |
- HTML: 1,112
- PDF: 1,541
- XML: 25
- Total: 2,678
- BibTeX: 21
- EndNote: 20
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 15,290 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 14,976 with geography defined
and 314 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 12,612 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 12,221 with geography defined
and 391 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,678 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,678 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
100 citations as recorded by crossref.
- AI model to improve the mountain boundary layer height of ERA5 J. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107352
- Signal Processing of Images for Convective Boundary Layer Height Estimation From Radar (SPICER) and Multi-Instrument Verification D. Della Porta & B. Demoz https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3529359
- Regime-dependent sensitivity of the atmospheric potential gradient to anthropogenic air pollution in São Paulo, Brazil R. Romero et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109002
- Revolutionizing Clear-Sky Humidity Profile Retrieval with Multi-Angle-Aware Networks for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/remotesensing.0736
- Monthly Convective Boundary Layer Height Study over Brazil Using Radiosonde, ERA5, and COSMIC-2 Data G. de Arruda Moreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17223672
- Enhanced Boundary Layer Thermodynamics Profiles Retrieval From Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers With Surface and Pseudo-Tower Constraints D. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3647672
- A framework for optimal agent deployment and opportunistic routing in flying Ad-Hoc networks for precision weather forecasting M. Pal et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940241304568
- The Flying Laboratory FLab: development and application of a UAS to measure aerosol particles and trace gases in the lower troposphere L. Moormann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1441-2025
- Green energy estimation using remote sensing techniques: A comprehensive review of methods, applications, and future directions A. Sonare et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109354
- Aerosols in the Mixed Layer and Mid-Troposphere from Long-Term Data of the Italian Automated Lidar-Ceilometer Network (ALICENET) and Comparison with the ERA5 and CAMS Models A. Bellini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030372
- Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Profile Estimation Using Neural Networks, Mesoscale Models, and LiDAR Measurements A. García-Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073715
- An Appraisal of the Progress in Utilizing Radiosondes and Satellites for Monitoring Upper Air Temperature Profiles F. Mashao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030387
- Interpretable diurnal impacts on extreme urban PM2.5 concentrations of soil temperature, soil water content, humidity and temperature inversion B. de Foy & J. Schauer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107500
- Spatially distributed atmospheric boundary layer properties in Houston – A value-added observational dataset K. Lamer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03477-9
- Ozone (O3) observations in Saxony, Germany, for 1997–2020: trends, modelling and implications for O3 control Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8907-2025
- Synergy between Short-Range Lidar and In Situ Instruments for Determining the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Lidar Ratio A. Bedoya-Velásquez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091583
- Boundary layer and mixing layer height: Models vs. Ground-based measurements intercomparison K. Julaha et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107897
- Climatology, trends, and variability of planetary boundary layer height over India using high-resolution Indian reanalysis K. Shukla et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05102-6
- Evaluating WRF-GC v2.0 predictions of boundary layer height and vertical ozone profile during the 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign in Houston, Texas X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023
- Demonstration and optimization of coherent Doppler wind LiDAR with low sampling resolution K. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.529050
- A novel method of estimating atmospheric boundary layer height using a 205 MHz VHF radar A. Angel & M. Manoj https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168109
- Doppler lidar observations of low-level jets and wind maxima over urban complex terrain in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula J. Andújar-Maqueda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102744
- Retrieving Boundary Layer Height Using Doppler Wind Lidar and Microwave Radiometer in Beijing Under Varying Weather Conditions C. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020296
- Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer height: A perspective on turbulent motion J. Xian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170895
- Four Years of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Retrievals Using COSMIC-2 Satellite Data G. Garnés-Morales et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091632
- The Lower Atmospheric Characteristics of Dust Storms Using Ground-Based Sensor Data: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cases in Jinan, China T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030282
- Disentangling the drivers of soil CO2 ventilation in a Mediterranean dryland using in situ and remote sensing techniques J. Abril-Gago et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2569-2026
- Best estimate of the planetary boundary layer height from multiple remote sensing measurements D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3453-2025
- WRF (v4.0)–SUEWS (v2018c) coupled system: development, evaluation and application T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024
- Atmospheric boundary layer characteristics during severe air pollution and fog events over Delhi: Insights from ground-based Lidar, satellites, and models D. Kamat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121684
- Evaluating certain approaches for computing land surface temperature over alluvial plains of Northern India S. Prasad et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44288-025-00236-0
- Air quality-driven variability in lidar-derived atmospheric optical properties in major urban agglomerations in Poland M. Karasewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.122105
- Machine learning-based generation of high-resolution 3D full-coverage aerosol distribution data over China using multisource data W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114772
- Characterizing urban planetary boundary layer dynamics using 3-year Doppler wind lidar measurements in a western Yangtze River Delta city, China T. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025
- Atmospheric stability from numerical weather prediction models and microwave radiometer observations for onshore and offshore wind energy applications D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2041-2025
- Drone-based meteorological observations up to the tropopause – a concept study K. Bärfuss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3739-2023
- Advanced solar radiation prediction using combined satellite imagery and tabular data processing M. Attya et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96109-0
- Elucidating the boundary layer turbulence dissipation rate using high-resolution measurements from a radar wind profiler network over the Tibetan Plateau D. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024
- Vertical Profiles of PM2.5 and O3 Measured Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Their Relationships with Synoptic- and Local-Scale Air Movements H. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091581
- ALICENET – an Italian network of automated lidar ceilometers for four-dimensional aerosol monitoring: infrastructure, data processing, and applications A. Bellini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024
- A Robust Threshold Method of Mixed Layer Height Based on Lidar Turbulence Data Under Different Thermal Convection Conditions L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-025-00918-9
- Results of Tuned Parameterizations of a Weather Forecast Numerical Model by Measured Characteristics of Temperature Inversions in the Planetary Boundary Layer of the Moscow Megapolis R. Zhuravlev et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433824700075
- Spatially comprehensive estimation of hourly PM2.5 concentration in a cloud-covered basin based on remote sensing and meteorological models X. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121374
- Mapping U.S. Surface Methane With Artificial Neural Networks M. Bade & Y. Li https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00989-1
- Exploring Meteorological Conditions and Microscale Temperature Inversions above the Great Barrier Reef through Drone-Based Measurements C. Eckert et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7120695
- Observations of wind farm wake recovery at an operating wind farm R. Krishnamurthy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-361-2025
- Hectometric-scale modelling of the mixed layer in an urban region evaluated with a dense LiDAR-ceilometer network R. Glazer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025
- Experimental investigation of atmospheric boundary layer using unmanned aerial system equipped with novel measurement system Z. Saboohi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-024-01060-w
- Evaluating temperature and humidity measurement biases in RS92 and RS41 radiosondes using radio occultation data F. Mashao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ae61d2
- Correlating particulate matter and planetary boundary layer dynamics in northwestern South America: A case study of Santiago de Cali D. Arias-Arana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102352
- Hybrid CNN–LGBM Model for Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimation Combined With Temporal–Height–Spatial Features D. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3639069
- The Planetary Boundary Layer Height Climatology Over Oceans Using COSMIC-2 and Spire GNSS RO Bending Angles From 2019 to 2023: Comparisons to CALIOP, ERA-5, MERRA2, and CFS Reanalysis S. Ho et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3503418
- Eddy covariance with slow-response greenhouse gas analysers on tall towers: bridging atmospheric and ecosystem greenhouse gas networks P. Herig Coimbra et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6625-2024
- The ATMONSYS water vapor DIAL: advanced measurements of short-term variability in the planetary boundary layer J. Speidel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4923-2025
- Study on the influence of key parameters of sand emission on dust flux based on multi-source data M. Maihamuti et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45242-5
- A New Image Compensation and Segmentation Algorithm to Retrieve Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height for LiDAR RHI 2-D Scan L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3673864
- Urban Green Space in a Tropical Area—Quantification of Surface Energy Balance and Carbon Dioxide Flux Dynamics P. Maskulrath et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9050153
- SensWorkflow: a high-performance framework for remote sensing big data processing on heterogeneous clusters W. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2025.2602292
- Deep-learning-derived planetary boundary layer height from conventional meteorological measurements T. Su & Y. Zhang https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6477-2024
- Comparative Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer Heights During the BELLA CIAO Measurement Campaign in Italy A. Salcedo-Bosch et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050730
- Multi-source attention autoencoder network for hyperspectral unmixing with LiDAR data J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129380
- Observations of tall-building wakes using a scanning Doppler lidar N. Theeuwes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1355-2025
- An ensemble method for improving the estimation of planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde data X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023
- Parameterization of a WRF Model Based on Microwave Measurements of Temperature Inversion Characteristics in PBL over Moscow City R. Zhuravlev et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002351524010047
- A Comparison of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Determination Methods Using GNSS Radio Occultation Data C. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14111654
- Estimation of Boundary Layer Height From Radar Wind Profiler by Deep Learning Algorithms Z. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3434403
- Polarization lidar observations of diurnal and seasonal variations in the atmospheric mixing layer above a tropical rural place gadanki, India V. Rajendra Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106335
- Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas E. Duarte et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88473-8
- Making Waves: Microwaves in Climate Change R. Siegel & P. Siegel https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2023.3283395
- Metabolic pathways profiling of aerobiomes in the Earth’s lower atmosphere A. Brzoza et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550425100049
- Study on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Retrieval Method and Observation Data Analysis Based on Aerosol Lidar C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121323
- Aerosol variability over oceans using micro-pulse lidar and photometer: insights from TRANSAMA ship-based campaign M. Sanchez-Barrero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-507-2026
- Observation of wind and thermodynamic structure within an urban boundary layer J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0214961
- Combined sun-photometer–lidar inversion: lessons learned during the EARLINET/ACTRIS COVID-19 campaign A. Tsekeri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023
- Retrieving aerosol backscatter coefficient using coherent Doppler wind lidar T. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551730
- A multi-instrument fuzzy logic boundary-layer-top detection algorithm E. Smith & J. Carlin https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4087-2024
- Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimation: Methodology and Case Study Using NAST-I FIREX-AQ Field Campaign Data H. Jang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3556546
- Mixed layer height retrievals using MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar L. Colberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6069-2025
- Deep-Pathfinder: a boundary layer height detection algorithm based on image segmentation J. Wijnands et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3029-2024
- Inversion of the planetary boundary layer height from lidar by combining UNet++ and coordinate attention mechanism J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.542885
- Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based Doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France W. Morrison et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025
- Intercomparison and Validation of SODAR and ERA5 Measured Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Over Delhi N. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-025-02376-9
- Improved method for temporally interpolating radiosonde profiles in the convective boundary layer L. von Klitzing et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-359-2026
- Sources, compositions, spatio-temporal distributions, and human health risks of bioaerosols: A review X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107453
- Quality Assessment of ERA5 Wind Speed and Its Impact on Atmosphere Environment Using Radar Profiles along the Bohai Bay Coastline C. Suo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101153
- A two-stage gradient boosting framework coupled with Lagrangian particle tracking for rapid atmospheric radionuclide dispersion prediction in nuclear emergency response J. Zhao & X. Tong https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107936
- Urban Health Assessment Through a Planetary Health Perspective: Methods and First Results from the Rome NBFC Experiment C. Sirignano et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101144
- Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Height in Marseille (France) for Mistral and Sea/Land Breeze Conditions A. Riandet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051185
- Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclones over Marine and Urban Surfaces J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-15896
- Characterization of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height in Huelva (Spain) During an Episode of High NO2 Pollutant Concentrations A. Comas Muguruza et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6020026
- Comparison of Near-Surface Turbulence Spectral Shapes over Built and Open Terrain Using Commercial Drones as Portable Probes A. Delima et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17030314
- CALOTRITON: a convective boundary layer height estimation algorithm from ultra-high-frequency (UHF) wind profiler data A. Philibert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1679-2024
- Influence of atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics on air quality of the middle- and high-density urban areas of Colombia L. Hernández Beleño et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101874
- Operational wind plants increase planetary boundary layer height: an observational study A. Abraham et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1681-2025
- Machine learning model to accurately estimate the planetary boundary layer height of Beijing urban area with ERA5 data K. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106925
- Technical note: Evolution of convective boundary layer height estimated by Ka-band continuous millimeter wave radar at Wuhan in central China Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025
- Eddy dissipation rates in the dryline boundary layer R. Solanki et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-023-09954-w
- Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimation from Lidar Observations: Assessment and Validation of MIPA Algorithm G. D’Amico et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162748
- Effect of planetary boundary layer evolution on new particle formation events over Cyprus N. Deot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-139-2025
- The Influence of the Planetary Boundary Layer on the Atmospheric State at an Orographic Site at the Eastern Mediterranean R. Foskinis et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1876
100 citations as recorded by crossref.
- AI model to improve the mountain boundary layer height of ERA5 J. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107352
- Signal Processing of Images for Convective Boundary Layer Height Estimation From Radar (SPICER) and Multi-Instrument Verification D. Della Porta & B. Demoz https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3529359
- Regime-dependent sensitivity of the atmospheric potential gradient to anthropogenic air pollution in São Paulo, Brazil R. Romero et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2026.109002
- Revolutionizing Clear-Sky Humidity Profile Retrieval with Multi-Angle-Aware Networks for Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.34133/remotesensing.0736
- Monthly Convective Boundary Layer Height Study over Brazil Using Radiosonde, ERA5, and COSMIC-2 Data G. de Arruda Moreira et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17223672
- Enhanced Boundary Layer Thermodynamics Profiles Retrieval From Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers With Surface and Pseudo-Tower Constraints D. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3647672
- A framework for optimal agent deployment and opportunistic routing in flying Ad-Hoc networks for precision weather forecasting M. Pal et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940241304568
- The Flying Laboratory FLab: development and application of a UAS to measure aerosol particles and trace gases in the lower troposphere L. Moormann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1441-2025
- Green energy estimation using remote sensing techniques: A comprehensive review of methods, applications, and future directions A. Sonare et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109354
- Aerosols in the Mixed Layer and Mid-Troposphere from Long-Term Data of the Italian Automated Lidar-Ceilometer Network (ALICENET) and Comparison with the ERA5 and CAMS Models A. Bellini et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17030372
- Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Profile Estimation Using Neural Networks, Mesoscale Models, and LiDAR Measurements A. García-Gutiérrez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073715
- An Appraisal of the Progress in Utilizing Radiosondes and Satellites for Monitoring Upper Air Temperature Profiles F. Mashao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030387
- Interpretable diurnal impacts on extreme urban PM2.5 concentrations of soil temperature, soil water content, humidity and temperature inversion B. de Foy & J. Schauer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107500
- Spatially distributed atmospheric boundary layer properties in Houston – A value-added observational dataset K. Lamer et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03477-9
- Ozone (O3) observations in Saxony, Germany, for 1997–2020: trends, modelling and implications for O3 control Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8907-2025
- Synergy between Short-Range Lidar and In Situ Instruments for Determining the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Lidar Ratio A. Bedoya-Velásquez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091583
- Boundary layer and mixing layer height: Models vs. Ground-based measurements intercomparison K. Julaha et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107897
- Climatology, trends, and variability of planetary boundary layer height over India using high-resolution Indian reanalysis K. Shukla et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-05102-6
- Evaluating WRF-GC v2.0 predictions of boundary layer height and vertical ozone profile during the 2021 TRACER-AQ campaign in Houston, Texas X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5493-2023
- Demonstration and optimization of coherent Doppler wind LiDAR with low sampling resolution K. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.529050
- A novel method of estimating atmospheric boundary layer height using a 205 MHz VHF radar A. Angel & M. Manoj https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168109
- Doppler lidar observations of low-level jets and wind maxima over urban complex terrain in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula J. Andújar-Maqueda et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102744
- Retrieving Boundary Layer Height Using Doppler Wind Lidar and Microwave Radiometer in Beijing Under Varying Weather Conditions C. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18020296
- Characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer height: A perspective on turbulent motion J. Xian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170895
- Four Years of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Retrievals Using COSMIC-2 Satellite Data G. Garnés-Morales et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091632
- The Lower Atmospheric Characteristics of Dust Storms Using Ground-Based Sensor Data: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cases in Jinan, China T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15030282
- Disentangling the drivers of soil CO2 ventilation in a Mediterranean dryland using in situ and remote sensing techniques J. Abril-Gago et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-2569-2026
- Best estimate of the planetary boundary layer height from multiple remote sensing measurements D. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3453-2025
- WRF (v4.0)–SUEWS (v2018c) coupled system: development, evaluation and application T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-91-2024
- Atmospheric boundary layer characteristics during severe air pollution and fog events over Delhi: Insights from ground-based Lidar, satellites, and models D. Kamat et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121684
- Evaluating certain approaches for computing land surface temperature over alluvial plains of Northern India S. Prasad et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44288-025-00236-0
- Air quality-driven variability in lidar-derived atmospheric optical properties in major urban agglomerations in Poland M. Karasewicz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.122105
- Machine learning-based generation of high-resolution 3D full-coverage aerosol distribution data over China using multisource data W. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114772
- Characterizing urban planetary boundary layer dynamics using 3-year Doppler wind lidar measurements in a western Yangtze River Delta city, China T. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1841-2025
- Atmospheric stability from numerical weather prediction models and microwave radiometer observations for onshore and offshore wind energy applications D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2041-2025
- Drone-based meteorological observations up to the tropopause – a concept study K. Bärfuss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3739-2023
- Advanced solar radiation prediction using combined satellite imagery and tabular data processing M. Attya et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96109-0
- Elucidating the boundary layer turbulence dissipation rate using high-resolution measurements from a radar wind profiler network over the Tibetan Plateau D. Meng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8703-2024
- Vertical Profiles of PM2.5 and O3 Measured Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Their Relationships with Synoptic- and Local-Scale Air Movements H. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16091581
- ALICENET – an Italian network of automated lidar ceilometers for four-dimensional aerosol monitoring: infrastructure, data processing, and applications A. Bellini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6119-2024
- A Robust Threshold Method of Mixed Layer Height Based on Lidar Turbulence Data Under Different Thermal Convection Conditions L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-025-00918-9
- Results of Tuned Parameterizations of a Weather Forecast Numerical Model by Measured Characteristics of Temperature Inversions in the Planetary Boundary Layer of the Moscow Megapolis R. Zhuravlev et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433824700075
- Spatially comprehensive estimation of hourly PM2.5 concentration in a cloud-covered basin based on remote sensing and meteorological models X. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121374
- Mapping U.S. Surface Methane With Artificial Neural Networks M. Bade & Y. Li https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-025-00989-1
- Exploring Meteorological Conditions and Microscale Temperature Inversions above the Great Barrier Reef through Drone-Based Measurements C. Eckert et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7120695
- Observations of wind farm wake recovery at an operating wind farm R. Krishnamurthy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-361-2025
- Hectometric-scale modelling of the mixed layer in an urban region evaluated with a dense LiDAR-ceilometer network R. Glazer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-1723-2025
- Experimental investigation of atmospheric boundary layer using unmanned aerial system equipped with novel measurement system Z. Saboohi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-024-01060-w
- Evaluating temperature and humidity measurement biases in RS92 and RS41 radiosondes using radio occultation data F. Mashao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ae61d2
- Correlating particulate matter and planetary boundary layer dynamics in northwestern South America: A case study of Santiago de Cali D. Arias-Arana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2024.102352
- Hybrid CNN–LGBM Model for Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimation Combined With Temporal–Height–Spatial Features D. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3639069
- The Planetary Boundary Layer Height Climatology Over Oceans Using COSMIC-2 and Spire GNSS RO Bending Angles From 2019 to 2023: Comparisons to CALIOP, ERA-5, MERRA2, and CFS Reanalysis S. Ho et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3503418
- Eddy covariance with slow-response greenhouse gas analysers on tall towers: bridging atmospheric and ecosystem greenhouse gas networks P. Herig Coimbra et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6625-2024
- The ATMONSYS water vapor DIAL: advanced measurements of short-term variability in the planetary boundary layer J. Speidel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4923-2025
- Study on the influence of key parameters of sand emission on dust flux based on multi-source data M. Maihamuti et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-45242-5
- A New Image Compensation and Segmentation Algorithm to Retrieve Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height for LiDAR RHI 2-D Scan L. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3673864
- Urban Green Space in a Tropical Area—Quantification of Surface Energy Balance and Carbon Dioxide Flux Dynamics P. Maskulrath et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9050153
- SensWorkflow: a high-performance framework for remote sensing big data processing on heterogeneous clusters W. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2025.2602292
- Deep-learning-derived planetary boundary layer height from conventional meteorological measurements T. Su & Y. Zhang https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6477-2024
- Comparative Analysis of Planetary Boundary Layer Heights During the BELLA CIAO Measurement Campaign in Italy A. Salcedo-Bosch et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18050730
- Multi-source attention autoencoder network for hyperspectral unmixing with LiDAR data J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129380
- Observations of tall-building wakes using a scanning Doppler lidar N. Theeuwes et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-1355-2025
- An ensemble method for improving the estimation of planetary boundary layer height from radiosonde data X. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4289-2023
- Parameterization of a WRF Model Based on Microwave Measurements of Temperature Inversion Characteristics in PBL over Moscow City R. Zhuravlev et al. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002351524010047
- A Comparison of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Determination Methods Using GNSS Radio Occultation Data C. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14111654
- Estimation of Boundary Layer Height From Radar Wind Profiler by Deep Learning Algorithms Z. Tong et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3434403
- Polarization lidar observations of diurnal and seasonal variations in the atmospheric mixing layer above a tropical rural place gadanki, India V. Rajendra Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106335
- Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas E. Duarte et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88473-8
- Making Waves: Microwaves in Climate Change R. Siegel & P. Siegel https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2023.3283395
- Metabolic pathways profiling of aerobiomes in the Earth’s lower atmosphere A. Brzoza et al. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1473550425100049
- Study on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Retrieval Method and Observation Data Analysis Based on Aerosol Lidar C. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121323
- Aerosol variability over oceans using micro-pulse lidar and photometer: insights from TRANSAMA ship-based campaign M. Sanchez-Barrero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-507-2026
- Observation of wind and thermodynamic structure within an urban boundary layer J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0214961
- Combined sun-photometer–lidar inversion: lessons learned during the EARLINET/ACTRIS COVID-19 campaign A. Tsekeri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-6025-2023
- Retrieving aerosol backscatter coefficient using coherent Doppler wind lidar T. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.551730
- A multi-instrument fuzzy logic boundary-layer-top detection algorithm E. Smith & J. Carlin https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-4087-2024
- Planetary Boundary Layer Height Estimation: Methodology and Case Study Using NAST-I FIREX-AQ Field Campaign Data H. Jang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2025.3556546
- Mixed layer height retrievals using MicroPulse Differential Absorption Lidar L. Colberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6069-2025
- Deep-Pathfinder: a boundary layer height detection algorithm based on image segmentation J. Wijnands et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3029-2024
- Inversion of the planetary boundary layer height from lidar by combining UNet++ and coordinate attention mechanism J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.542885
- Harmonised boundary layer wind profile dataset from six ground-based Doppler wind lidars in a transect across Paris, France W. Morrison et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6507-2025
- Intercomparison and Validation of SODAR and ERA5 Measured Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Over Delhi N. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-025-02376-9
- Improved method for temporally interpolating radiosonde profiles in the convective boundary layer L. von Klitzing et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-359-2026
- Sources, compositions, spatio-temporal distributions, and human health risks of bioaerosols: A review X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107453
- Quality Assessment of ERA5 Wind Speed and Its Impact on Atmosphere Environment Using Radar Profiles along the Bohai Bay Coastline C. Suo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101153
- A two-stage gradient boosting framework coupled with Lagrangian particle tracking for rapid atmospheric radionuclide dispersion prediction in nuclear emergency response J. Zhao & X. Tong https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107936
- Urban Health Assessment Through a Planetary Health Perspective: Methods and First Results from the Rome NBFC Experiment C. Sirignano et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101144
- Diurnal and Seasonal Variability of the Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Height in Marseille (France) for Mistral and Sea/Land Breeze Conditions A. Riandet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051185
- Wind Profiles in Tropical Cyclones over Marine and Urban Surfaces J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-15896
- Characterization of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height in Huelva (Spain) During an Episode of High NO2 Pollutant Concentrations A. Comas Muguruza et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6020026
- Comparison of Near-Surface Turbulence Spectral Shapes over Built and Open Terrain Using Commercial Drones as Portable Probes A. Delima et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17030314
- CALOTRITON: a convective boundary layer height estimation algorithm from ultra-high-frequency (UHF) wind profiler data A. Philibert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-1679-2024
- Influence of atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics on air quality of the middle- and high-density urban areas of Colombia L. Hernández Beleño et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101874
- Operational wind plants increase planetary boundary layer height: an observational study A. Abraham et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-10-1681-2025
- Machine learning model to accurately estimate the planetary boundary layer height of Beijing urban area with ERA5 data K. Peng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106925
- Technical note: Evolution of convective boundary layer height estimated by Ka-band continuous millimeter wave radar at Wuhan in central China Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3347-2025
- Eddy dissipation rates in the dryline boundary layer R. Solanki et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-023-09954-w
- Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimation from Lidar Observations: Assessment and Validation of MIPA Algorithm G. D’Amico et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162748
- Effect of planetary boundary layer evolution on new particle formation events over Cyprus N. Deot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-3-139-2025
- The Influence of the Planetary Boundary Layer on the Atmospheric State at an Orographic Site at the Eastern Mediterranean R. Foskinis et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusb.1876
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jun 2026
Editorial statement
I agree with the handling editor Dr. Laura Bianco and the reviewer Dr. Frank Beyrich that this is a very good paper and that it is of general interest and relevance.
I agree with the handling editor Dr. Laura Bianco and the reviewer Dr. Frank Beyrich that this...
Short summary
Profile observations of the atmospheric boundary layer now allow for layer heights and characteristics to be derived at high temporal and vertical resolution. With novel high-density ground-based remote-sensing measurement networks emerging, horizontal information content is also increasing. This review summarises the capabilities and limitations of various sensors and retrieval algorithms which need to be considered during the harmonisation of data products for high-impact applications.
Profile observations of the atmospheric boundary layer now allow for layer heights and...
