Articles | Volume 17, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3605-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3605-2024
Research article
 | 
13 Jun 2024
Research article |  | 13 Jun 2024

Estimating the refractivity bias of FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation in the deep troposphere

Gia Huan Pham, Shu-Chih Yang, Chih-Chien Chang, Shu-Ya Chen, and Cheng Yung Huang

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Cited articles

Anthes, R., Sjoberg, J., Feng, X., and Syndergaard, S.: Comparison of COSMIC and COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation Refractivity and Bending Angle Uncertainties in August 2006 and 2021, Atmosphere, 13, 790, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050790, 2022. 
Ao, C. O., Meehan, T. K., Hajj, G. A., Mannucci, A. J., and Beyerle, G.: Lower troposphere refractivity bias in GPS occultation retrievals, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4577, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003216, 2003. 
Bowler, N. E.: An assessment of GNSS radio occultation data produced by Spire, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 3772–3788, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3872, 2020a. 
Bowler, N. E.: Revised GNSS-RO observation uncertainties in the Met Office NWP system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 146, 2274–2296, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3791, 2020b. 
Central Weather Bureau (Taiwan) and Taiwan Space Agency (TASA): FS-7 Taiwan Data Processing Center (TDPC) Realtime, TACC [data set], https://tacc.cwb.gov.tw/data-service/fs7rt_tdpc/, last access: 24 June 2020. 
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Short summary
This research examines the characteristics of low-level GNSS radio occultation (RO) refractivity bias over ocean and land and its dependency on the RO retrieval uncertainty, atmospheric temperature, and moisture. We propose methods for estimating the region-dependent refractivity bias. Our methods can be applied to calibrate the refractivity bias under different atmospheric conditions and thus improve the applications of the GNSS RO data in the deep troposphere.