Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6851-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6851-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
Research article
 | 
04 Dec 2024
Research article |  | 04 Dec 2024

Assessing the ducting phenomenon and its potential impact on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation refractivity retrievals over the northeast Pacific Ocean using radiosondes and global reanalysis

Thomas E. Winning Jr., Feiqin Xie, and Kevin J. Nelson

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Latest update: 28 Oct 2025
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Short summary
The effect of ducting due to the presence of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is prevalent over the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Los Angeles to Honolulu, USA. The ducting-induced refractivity bias in the radiosonde climatology and ERA5 data is highly correlated with the height of the PBL. The magnitude of bias is linearly dependent on the strength of ducting but not the location, and the overall reanalysis data systematically underestimate the height of the PBL by as much as 120 m.
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Observing atmosphere and climate with occultation techniques...