Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6851-2024
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-6851-2024
Research article
 | 
04 Dec 2024
Research article |  | 04 Dec 2024

Assessing the ducting phenomenon and its potential impact on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation refractivity retrievals over the northeast Pacific Ocean using radiosondes and global reanalysis

Thomas E. Winning Jr., Feiqin Xie, and Kevin J. Nelson

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Cited articles

Ao, C. O.: Effect of Ducting on Radio Occultation Measurements: An Assessment Based on High-resolution Radiosonde Soundings, Radio Sci., 42, RS2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RS003485, 2007. 
Ao, C. O., Meehan T. K., Hajj, G. A., Mannucci, A. J., and Beyerle, G.: Lower Troposphere Refractivity Bias in GPS Occultation Retrievals, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4577, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003216, 2003. 
Ao, C. O., Chan, T. K., Iijima, A., Li, J.-L., Mannucci, A. J., Teixeira, J., Tian, B., and Waliser, D. E.: Planetary Boundary Layer Information from GPS Radio Occultation Measurements, in: Proceedings of the GRAS SAF Workshop on Applications of GPSRO Measurements, Reading, United Kingdom, 16–18 June 2008, ECMWF and EUMETSAT, 5, 123–131, https://www.ecmwf.int/sites/default/files/elibrary/2008/7459- planetary-boundary-layer-information-gps-radio-occultation-measurements.pdf (last access: 8 November 2024), 2008. 
Ao, C. O., Waliser, D. E., Chan, S. K., Li, J.-L., Tian, B., Xie, F., and Mannucci, A. J.: Planetary boundary layer heights from GPS radio occultation refractivity and humidity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D16117, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD017598, 2012. 
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Short summary
The effect of ducting due to the presence of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is prevalent over the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Los Angeles to Honolulu, USA. The ducting-induced refractivity bias in the radiosonde climatology and ERA5 data is highly correlated with the height of the PBL. The magnitude of bias is linearly dependent on the strength of ducting but not the location, and the overall reanalysis data systematically underestimate the height of the PBL by as much as 120 m.
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