Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4025-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4025-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
Research article
 | 
27 Aug 2025
Research article |  | 27 Aug 2025

A machine-learning-based marine atmosphere boundary layer (MABL) moisture profile retrieval product from GNSS-RO deep refraction signals

Jie Gong, Dong L. Wu, Michelle Badalov, Manisha Ganeshan, and Minghua Zheng

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Short summary
Marine boundary layer (MABL) water vapor is among the key factors to couple the ocean and atmosphere, but it is also among the hardest to retrieve from a satellite remote sensing perspective. Here we propose a novel way to retrieve MABL specific humidity profiles using the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Level-1 signal-to-noise ratio. Using a machine learning approach, we successfully obtained a retrieval product that outperforms the ERA-5 reanalysis and operational Level-2 retrievals globally, except in the deep tropics.
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Observing atmosphere and climate with occultation techniques...