Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
AMT
Articles | Volume 18, issue 18
Articles | Volume 18, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4791-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4791-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 18
Research article
 | 
25 Sep 2025
Research article |  | 25 Sep 2025

Synergy of millimeter-wave radar and radiometer measurements for retrieving frozen hydrometeors in deep convective systems

Keiichi Ohara and Hirohiko Masunaga

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Short summary
Ice particles (e.g., cloud ice, snow, and graupel) in convective clouds play key roles in cloud and precipitation formation. This study combines satellite millimeter-wave radar and radiometer observations to estimate the vertical distributions of physical parameters of ice particles such as mass, size, and number densities. CPR radar and GPM radiometer observations together reduce the estimation errors of the physical parameters and provide information on the optimal ice particle shape.
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